RFID BASED AUTHENTICATION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR DOCUMENTS CARRIED BY A MOTORIST

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1 Volume 116 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu RFID BASED AUTHENTICATION AND ALERT SYSTEM FOR DOCUMENTS CARRIED BY A MOTORIST Sripath roy Koganti 1, Tejesh Mungi 2, Venu gopal Tadinada 3 1, 2, 3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 1,2,3 K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India 1 koganti_sripathroy@kluniversity.in Abstract: India has seen a rise in number of cases pertaining to driving motor vehicles without proper documents as prescribed by the road transport system namely license, pollution certificate, insurance etc. The device is a combination of NodeMCU, RFID and DC power supply. The microcontroller (NodeMCU) takes the input from the driver who is allowed to drive the vehicle, in the form of a unique identity such as RFID in our case. The NodeMCU sends the details of card scanned to the database with the help of Wi-Fi module contained in it. The database performs all the necessary operations to check if the driver is driving the vehicle with invalid/expired documents and will notify the driver (if any) through a SMS. This will be a first step to eradicate the ills of using paperwork and make a move towards realizing the dream of digital India. Keywords: Authentication, NodeMCU, WiFi, RFID, Driver authentication, Smart cities, Smart vehicles, Arduino, ESP8266, Access-control 1. Introduction Road transport is the major mode of transport in India both in terms of share in goods and passenger traffic and in terms of contribution to the national economy. Transportation by roads has scored over other modes of transport because of easy accessibility, flexibility of operations, door-to-door service and reliability. The number of total registered vehicles has recorded a trend growth rate of 9.8 percent during 2005 to 2015 and as on 31'st March, 2015 there were 21 crores of registered vehicles in India. Personalized mode of transport both cars and two wheelers constitute about 87 percent of total vehicle population. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, a Government body, is responsible for formation and enforcement of the rules and regulations pertaining to road transport, and transport research, in order to increase the manoeuvrability and effectiveness of the road transport system in India. The main responsibilities of the transport wing are: Motor Vehicle Legislation abided by The Motor Vehicles Act of Taxation of motor vehicles Compulsory insurance for vehicles according to Insurance act. Laying down road safety standards Bharat Stage (BS) emission norms are emission standards formulated by the Government of India to monitor the output of toxic wastes from internal combustion engines, including motor vehicles. The Central Pollution Control Board a sister branch under the Ministry of Environment & Forests and climate change sets these standards and the deadlines by which these have to be implemented. The standards were first rolled out in 2000 and are based on European regulations. From thereafter all new vehicles manufactured after the implementation of the norms have to be compliant with the regulations. Since October 2010, Bharat Stage (BS) III norms have been enforced across the country. Bharat Stage IV emission norms have been in place since April 2010 across 13 cities. In 2016, the government declared that the country would skip the BS-V norms altogether and adopt BS-VI norms by As of now, all vehicles need to undergo a occasional emission check (3 months or 6 months) at authorised Pollution Under Control (PUC) Centres at fuel stations and private garages. 91

2 Especially, transport vehicles need to experience a yearly fitness check conveyed by RTOs for emissions, safety and well being. The ineffectiveness of present pollution control system is due to: Individual stations do not follow prescribed practices due to lack of proper training Testing apparatus is not subjected to regular maintenance by its owners. Lack of expertise has led to violation of rules 2. Existing practice In India, we have been constantly practising the concept of issuing the authentication details like driving license, insurance and pollution certificate of the vehicles on paper. As per regulatory norms a new vehicle is delivered to the user only if the taxes levied by both state and central governments, driving license, pollution certificate and insurance are active. In this practice, the government is not able to keep a track of record after a year of purchase of the vehicle unless a police inspection has been happened manually on the roads. Not everyone is keen to renew the insurance and pollution certificate after a year. In some cases the documents can be forged to get away with the policing. Whereas, this is not the case in digital medium. As per norms: A driving license must be renewed for once in 15 years of tenure. Insurance is mandatory for every vehicle under Insurance act. According to Section 56 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988, which relates the certificate of fitness of vehicles and periodic checks to maintain the fitness of cars and other passenger vehicles that should be implemented vigorously. The government plans to make it necessary for all private vehicles to undergo technical checks once in five years. The duration will be curtailed to three years for vehicles that are older than 15 years. This is a major change from the current practice of testing new vehicles once in Proposed system The proposed system is based on raising a query in the database by transmitting the data contained in the scanned card by RF reader through a WiFi module contained in it. Fig.1 Block Diagram of the proposed system The algorithm works such a way that it ensures that user is driving the vehicle with all papers in force else he/she will be warned through a SMS to the registered mobile number in the database. By this we can overcome the use of illegitimate paperwork and thereby promote digitalization of authentic data. Till now the pollution certificate is issued on a paper. But, what if the same vendor who is authorized to certify is given the right to update the same content to a database. The result is no paper work and no more manual imposing of fines. 4.1 NodeMCU 4. Hardware description NodeMCU is an open source that enables you to prototype your IoT applications. It is based on the Esp12. It became widely famous for its programmability, low cost, simple and WiFi on board capability. With its remarkably smaller dimensions than that of using both esp8266 and Arduino Uno together this makes it easy for making prototypes. 4.2 DC power supply A DC power supply provides a constant DC voltage across the load. Based on its design, a DC power supply may be powered either directly from a DC source or from another AC source. The latter one uses AC mains electricity as an energy source, during this process the 230V AC signals to DC voltage with various amplitudes that suit to different purposes. Such power supplies will sometimes employ step down transformer or bridge rectifier or capacitors or voltage regulator to reduce the amplitude of the signals. Here we make use of two DC supplies. One to power up the NodeMCU and other for the RFID reader to work. Though the 92

3 RFID reader requires only an input voltage of +5V we connected it across a 9V battery keeping in mind of the voltage regulator in the circuit that came with it. 4.3 RFID reader Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology is the use of a wireless system that uses radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking. Unlike a barcode, the tag which contains electronically stored information can be read from few metres away not necessarily be within the line of sight of the reader. This may also be embedded in the object to be tracked. Factors that contributed to rise in RFID usage are decreased manufacturing costs and reliability. Arduino IDE Software description Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a tool written in java for the convenience to compile and upload the code directly into Arduino board with a single click. It consists of a code editor, message window, and text console. A program written in this IDE is called sketch and filename bears an.ino extension. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. A basic Arduino sketch, consist of only two functions: Setup: This function is called once when a sketch starts after power-up or reset. It is used to initialize variables, input and output pin modes, and other libraries needed in the sketch. Loop: After setup has been called, function loop is executed repeatedly in the main program. It controls the board until the board is powered off or is reset. 6. Working Fig.2 Flow chart for the system operation Initially the NodeMCU tries to establish a connection with the Internet Access point,(our SSID is named TOM) for this we program the NodeMCU using the Arduino IDE in the same way as we connect the Arduino to an access point by providing the SSID and password to connect to the network. When an RFID card is placed before the RFID reader, the data from the card is read and is displayed on the serial monitor of the IDE. Then a connection is established with the url, vehicleauth.96.lt, that we obtained for this project purpose. The characters read from the RFID card is usually 12 digit long and are sent to the url. The database checks if the user is a part of data or not. If the user is already a registered user, the database performs whether all the authentication details are active or not. If there are any inactive parameters, a warning SMS is sent to the registered mobile number entered. This is achieved with the help of just by simply embedding a few lines of code into the database. Else the user can start normally. 7. Advantages Data logging can be made available for more period that that of manual methods. 93

4 Easier collection of due fines and strict enforcement of regulatory norms- no more manual inspection by police authorities required. No scope for fraudulent/illegitimate documents More employment opportunities as more people are required for maintenance and operation of the database. 11. Resultss 1. Serial monitor display for connecting to an access point, card reading and sending the data read 8. Limitations As of now we are under the assumption that all the cities are smart and hence are equipped with WiFi for this purpose. It is also assumed that one user owns only one vehicle. 9. Conclusion The paper proposes a solution to bridge the gap between conventional method and upcoming digitalization scenario. With the help of databases we can have a large compilation of data when compared to the traditional methods like log book and ledger. The system is built by using a a)nodemcu- to act as a microcontroller that is WiFi enabled and b) RFID reader- to read the contents of the card scanned. The contents/parameters stored in the database and a cross checking operation is done and SMS s are sent accordingly. 10. Future scope The same mechanism can be linked with the toll plazas. This facilitates collection of a large sum of clogged amount through fines that are pending. Like the AHO (Automatic Headlamp ON) under BS4 regulations, it can be assumed that government will introduce the full custom design of this model right from the assembly line, such a way that forms a closed loop with the ignition system. This also facilitates access control mechanism. The user of the vehicle can also be denied the accesss to start the vehicle if he/she ignores the warning SMS by more than three to four times. Now that the database operator is the whole and sole responsibility of entering the data, more intuitive method must be developed so as to collect the data across various offices like insurance companies, RTA offices(road Transport Authority), and pollution check-up centres. Fig.3 Display from serial monitor 2. Database for storing the parameters like name, card number, date of registration of vehicle, licence expiry date, insurance valid till, pollution details and phone number to which the SMS has to be sent. Fig.4 Screenshot of tables created using php 3. The API of the website vehicleauth.96.lt to perform the cross checking operation 94

5 Fig.5 Domain taken for this service 4. SMS received as per the details in the database Fig.6 Screenshot of SMS alert thousands of lives, 3rd National Conference on Injury Prevention and Control, pp.42-47, [8] M. Rajesh, K. Vignesh Ramanathan, R. Jagadish, S. Dhayalan, Vehicle Fitted Driving License Based Security and Road Safety System Part 1, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 4, 4, pp , April [9] Priya Darshini.V, Prasannabalaje S.M, Prakash.R, Rekha.V, Vinodhini.R, Sangeetha Monica.T, Multilevel Security System for Automotives using RFID and Biometric Techniques in LabVIEW, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp , April [10] D.Kanimozhi, P.Karthikeyan, Performance optimization on System on Chip using I²C Concept 6G computer, International Innovative Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp , June [11] Amol S. Dhotre, Abhishek S. Chandurkar& S. S. Jadhav, Design of a GSM Cell Phone based Vehiclee Monitoring & Theft Security System, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE) ISSN (PRINT): , Vol-1, Iss-3, References [1] Bruno Crispo, Melanie R.Rieback, Andrew S Tanenbaum a paper on The Evolution of RFID security. [2] d775ef1a e [3] emission_standards [4] [5] [6] ndia [7] Fred Goldberg, An electronic driving license when used as ignition key could save 95

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