The Import Shipment Dwelling Time Comparison Before And After Using Pusat Logistik Berikat (PLB)

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The Import Shipment Dwelling Time Comparison Before And After Using Pusat Logistik Berikat (PLB) or The Bonded Logistics Center Facility Raden Didiet Rachmat Hidayat 1), Latifah Dwi Handayani 2),

1 The Import Shipment Dwelling Time Comparison Before And After Using Pusat Logistik Berikat (PLB) or The Bonded Logistics Center Facility Raden Didiet Rachmat Hidayat 1), Latifah Dwi Handayani 2), Endang Sugiharti 3), Mohammad Iqbal Firdaus 4), Lis Lesmini 5) 1) Logistics & Material Management Vocational, STMT Trisakti, Jalan IPN No. 2 Cipinang Besar Raya, Jakarta, 13410, Indonesia didiet.hidayat@yahoo.com 2) latifah.ldh@gmail.com 3) artisuli21@yahoo.co.id 4) iqbal.firdaus@gmail.com 5) lies.1969@yahoo.com Abstract - PT. Agility International is a company that provides Freight Forwarding, Transportation, Warehousing and Supply Chain Management services worldwide. The subject that occur is the high dwelling time on shipment of raw material import and packaging material. The purpose of this research is to know whether there is dwelling time decrease after PT. Agility International uses Pusat Logistik Berikat (PLB) or The Bonded Logistics Center facility granted by the Directorate General of Customs and Excise in handling the import shipment of raw materials and packaging material belonging to PT. XYZ. It was found that dwelling time on imported shipment not yet using The Bonded Logistics Center facility is 4,8379 days and on import shipment which have been using The Bonded Logistics Center facility 3,1428 days which means the use of PLB or The Bonded Logistics Center facility can decrease dwelling time equal to days or 1 day 16 hours 41 minutes. Keywords: Dwelling Time, Bonded Logistics Center, Descriptive Comparative Analysis INTRODUCTION The port is the node point in the global Supply Chain, so the performance of a global supply chain is also determined by the performance of the port in the Supply Chain. Dwelling time is the time required to carry out activities since the ship is unloading goods at the pier until the imported goods out of the port. Dwelling in Indonesia longer than Singapore with only 1 to 1.5 days while in Tanjung Priok Port can reach 5.5 days or more. With the long dwelling time process of procurement of imported raw materials and auxiliary materials will be hampered and affect the cost of increasing logistics costs, especially on procurement and storage costs. Ultimately, Figure 1.1 Dwelling Time at Tanjung Priok Port During 2015 Source: Supply Chain Indonesia (Pusat Data Logistik & Indonesia, 2016) high logistics costs will have an impact on inefficient production and low competitiveness. 82

2 Figure 1.2 Dwelling Time Ports in Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand the goods produced can be distributed to the right location, the right time, to minimize the right time, and the system's reach with cost as per the level requirements service. (Tampubolon, 2014) Supply Chain also is a system through which an organization is distributing goods and services to its customers. This chain is also a network or network of various interconnected organizations that have the same goal that is as good as possible to organize the procurement or distribution of goods. The word distribution may be inappropriate because in terms of supply, it also includes the process of changing the finished goods, for example from raw materials to finished goods. (Indrajit & Djokopranoto, 2006) Source: Supply Chain Indonesia (Pusat Data Logistik & Indonesia, 2016) The government is currently focusing on improving national logistics. The Government of Indonesia through the Directorate General of Customs and Excise at the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia has a solution by establishing Pusat Logistik Berikat (PLB) or The Bonded Logistics Center which is a facility prepared to encourage the creation of national and regional hubs in the logistics business by providing various flexibility ranging from revenue to expenditure, flexibility activities that can be done, the flexibility of ownership of goods, as well as the flexibility of facilities taxation and customs, as well as fast and easy service for 24 hours. (Direktur Jenderal, 2016) The main issues that can be raised are as follows: a. What is the level of dwelling time on shipment of raw material import and packaging material of PT. XYZ not using PLB facilities? b. What is the level of dwelling time on shipment of raw material import and packaging material of PT. XYZ already using PLB facilities? THE MATERIAL AND METHOD/ALGORITHM Supply Chain Management is the integration of competent business sources in the distribution of goods, including planning and management of procurement and logistics activities as well as related information from raw materials to consumption sites, including coordination and collaboration with partner networks suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, transportation, distribution, retail, and consumer) to meet customer needs. (Siahaya, 2013) On the other side, Supply Chain Management is defined; as a set of efficiently used approaches to integrate suppliers, manufacturers and warehouses integrated with stores, so that From the above definitions it can be concluded that, Supply Chain Management is a concept or mechanism to improve productivity of all companies that mature in the supply chain through the optimization of quality and time. Supply Chain Management conducts goods flow activities including planning, procurement, production, storage, transportation, and distribution, from the starting point of raw materials (upstream) to the point of use (downstream). (Siahaya, 2013) Supply Chain Management has a wide scope, including raw material management, supplier selection, production process, transportation, storage and distribution with the support of related management elements to produce products that conform to QCD principles (Quality, Cost, Delivery), precise quality, competitive price and on time. SCM Link (SCM network) consists of 7 (seven) chain which is a rainbow SCM Supplier, Manufacturer, Warehouse, Transportation, Distributor, Retailer and Customer. (Siahaya, 2013) Logistics itself is a process of managing strategically in the acquisition, movement and storage of material parts and ending inventory, as well as the flow of information, through the organization and its marketing channels in several ways to obtain certain future benefits maximum through effective order fulfillment fare. (Christopher, 2011) According to the Council of Logistics Management in the book of Ratih Hendayani logistics involves the process of planning, implementation and control, in order to obtain a cost efficiency and effectiveness of the process of storage of raw materials, semi-finished materials, finished goods and related information, from origin to point of consumption with the aim of meeting the needs of consumers. (Hendayani, 2011) From some of the notions put forward by these experts, it can be concluded that logistics is the process from procurement of goods, the movement of goods to the storage of goods, raw materials and finished products (in which related 83

3 to the flow of information) to assist organizational activities to fit the goal and predetermined goals. Based on the Regulation of the Director General of Customs and Excise No. Per-01/BC/2016 concerning the Management of Bonded Logistics Center, hereinafter abbreviated as PLB is Tempat Penimbunan Berikat or Bonded Stockpiling hereinafter abbreviated as TPB is a building, place or area meeting certain requirements used) to stock goods originating outside customs areas and/or goods originating from elsewhere in customs areas, may be accompanied by 1 (one) or more simple activities within a certain period of time to be reissued. (Direktur Jenderal, 2016) PLB is an area or a place used to store goods of foreign origin or domestic origin with the income given customs facilities, taxation, and other facilities. PLB is analogous to such a warehouse abroad so that goods shipped from abroad to PLB are not subject to import duties or import taxes. Likewise with the fulfillment of import restriction provisions, not yet applied when the import of goods to the PLB except for certain goods. (Ministry, National, Competitiveness, & Haryana, 2017) Some of the notions put forward by these experts, it can be concluded that logistics is the process from procurement of goods, the movement of goods to the storage of goods, raw materials and finished products (in which related to the flow of information) to assist organizational activities to fit the goal and predetermined goals. As the biggest cargo movement, the Sea Transportation System covers the vehicles, namely ships, sea train and log carrier, the shipping path, example dredging, transportation, and SBNP, telecommunication and navigation; terminals, ie kade, passenger terminal, warehouse, loading and unloading equipment, water and electricity, breakwaters, buildings, free fighting equipment, health center ports, docks and tugs. (Nasution, 2010) From some definitions of marine transport disclosed by the experts above, it can be stated that, Sea transport is moving people or goods by using marine mode through the waters. According to RI Government Regulation no. 61 Year 2009 cited by (Suyono, 2007), the port is a place consisting of land and waters and surrounding areas with certain limits as a place of government activity and economic activity which is used as a place of ship leaning, anchored, up and down passengers, and loading and unloading of goods equipped with shipping safety facilities and port supporting activities as well as for intra and intermodal transport. While understanding of port according to Government Regulation RI No. 61 Year 2009 cited by (Suyono, 2007), covers all things related to the operation of ports and other activities in carrying out port functions to support the smoothness, security and order of ship, passenger and/or freight traffic, sail safety and intermodal shifts transportation. According to (Karsafman, 2011) four categories of port functions include: a) Interface The harbor as a meeting place of two modes of transportation system (sea and land) because the port can provide various facilities and services necessary for the transfer (transfer) of goods from ship to land transport or vice versa. b) Links The port is the link of the transport system, therefore both in terms of performance and cost will affect the overall transportation activity. c) Gateway The port serves as the gate of a country or region because it is the entrance and exit of goods carried by the ship, where interaction occurs from various institutions (Customs, Immigration, Quarantine, etc.). Therefore the port has a very important role as an economy of a country or region. d) Industry Entity Is an area/area of industrial port that is generally oriented to export goods, because the port function will be more important as one of the supporting port (hinterland). According to (Karsafman, 2011) cargo handling or loading and unloading activities in the conventional terminal consists of 4 stages, namely: 1. Stevedoring, is the work of unpacking or loading from deck/hold of ship to dock, barge, truck, or loading from dock, barge, truck onto deck/ship by using towing boat. If the tow crane equipment can not be used and instead used a port-owned mechanical device. 2. Cargodoring, is the work of removing the load from the network (sling/ex tackle) above the dock, lifting from the dock, lifting it to the warehouse and arranging it in line 1 or in the stacking field and or otherwise picking up the goods from the pile in the line 1 or in the stacking field, to lift it to the dock and put it into the (sling) network on the hull of the ship. 3. Receiving/Delivery, is the job of taking charge from the 1st line warehouse where it is deposited and handed over to the vehicle docked in the line 1 of the land warehouse or the cultivation field and/or picking up from the vehicle docked in the line 1 or the cultivation pile, putting it in line 1 warehouse or stacking field and do the arrangement in the warehouse. 4. Storage, is the activity of storing the load in the line 1 warehouse or landing field Quoted from the pages of Indonesia National Single Window that the completion of the import process when in the territory of Indonesia generally consists of the process of 84

arrival of carrier facilities at the port, dock and dismantling, the accumulation of container yard, customs clearance, container handling, to warehouse/bounded/factory storage.

4 arrival of carrier facilities at the port, dock and dismantling, the accumulation of container yard, customs clearance, container handling, to warehouse/bounded/factory storage. "Dwelling time is a period of conglomeration of goods and containers in a temporary hoard of warehouses or fields" (Lasse, 2014) The average dwelling time of goods in the field is calculated by the formula: For example: Holding Capacity x 365 days In transit time = Goods weight through yard Holding Capacity = 2,000 Ton; and within one year of carrying goods through the warehouse and field route = 122,500 Ton, the average dwelling time is = {(2,000 x 365): } = 6 days. According to Nil Guler, quoted from Indonesia National Single Window (INSW), dwell time is the average storage time of containers in the yard area. Dwell time is the average time of container storage in a stacking field. (Guler, 2002) Figure 1.3 Dwelling Time on Port Activities c. Post-clearance; the time required from the SPPB to the imported goods from the TPS. (Figure 1 Point 5 and 6) Source: (Pusat Data Logistik & Indonesia, 2016) Comparative research method is ex post facto. That is, data is collected after all the collected events have been completed. We can see the consequences of a phenomenon and test the causal relationships of the available data. The word "comparation" is comparative. The meaning of the word shows that in this study the researchers intend to compare the different conditions in one place, whether the conditions in the same place or there are differences, and if there are differences, which conditions are better. "Comparative research is a study comparing two or more symptoms" (Silalahi, 2015) "Comparative research is a study comparing the presence of one or more variables in two or different samples, or at different times" (Sugiyono, 2009) "This test is useful for testing 2 samples from populations that have the same average. The test is intended to test the difference between before and after a given treatment. (Riduwan & Sunarto, 2012) RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1. Comparative Research To know dwelling time on shipment import raw material and packaging material PT. XYZ before or not using Bonded Logistics Center facilities can be seen in below: Source: INSW (Kementerian Keuangan, n.d.) To facilitate the discussion of dwelling time in Indonesia is generally divided into 3 (three) stages, namely: a. Pre-clearance; the time required since the container was dismantled from the vessel until the submission of the Import Declaration of Goods (PIB) to the Customs. (Figure 1 Point 3) b. Customs clearance; the time required since the PIB is received until the issuance of the Letter of Approval of Goods Spending (SPPB) by the Customs. (Figure 1 Point 4) Figure 1.4 Dwelling Time Comparison Before and After Using PLB Facilitiy No Supplier* Dwelling Time Before After 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S Difference (After-Before) 85

20 T 3.577 3 4 21 U 8 3 5 22 V 4.5 2.5 2 23 W 3 2 1 24 X 1.5 2.67-1.17 25 Y 5 3.2 1.8 26 Z 6 2 4 27 A1 6 3.5 2.5 28 A2 3 2.9 0.1 29 A3 3.67 3.75-0.08 4,837931034 3.142758621 1.695172414 Source: PT.

5 20 T U V W X Y Z A A A , Source: PT. Agility International (2016) The data in this table will give a rough idea of the data generated in each group. Data is represented by table presentation format. *Supplier in alphabetical as per request. Figure 1.5 Description of Results of Dwelling Time Before and After Using PLB Facility To know the significance value of the above data using SPSS with the following results: Figure 1.6 Test Result Normality of Data Dwelling Time The results of the normality test can also be seen through q-q plots below: Figure 1.7 Q-Q Dwelling Time Plot Before Using PLB Facility Sample Cluster N Standard Deviation Lowest Before After Source: Prepared by Author Highest 2. Data Analysis Results Using SPSS To answer the formulation of the proposed problem, the hypothesis test used is to use paired test sample t-test. Test paired sample t-test is used to determine the effect of the use of PLB facility to dwelling time shipment import PT. XYZ handled by PT. Agility International. Data processing is done by using statistical software program Statistical Computer and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20. Tests of Normality Figure 1.8 Q-Q Plot Dwelling Time After Using PLB Facility Kolmogorov-Smirnov a Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. SEBELUM * SESUDAH * *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction a. Normality Test 1) Testing Criteria Value significance > 0.05, then the data is normally dis tributed The significance value < 0.05, then the data is not nor mally distributed 2) Testing significance value 86

6 From the above test results, it is known that the significance data for dwelling time before using the PLB facility is which means> While the significance data for dwelling time after using the PLB facility is which means> It can also be seen in the q-q plot above that the distribution of the data spreads around the line which means the data has a normal distribution. The conclusion from the above data indicates that dwelling time data before and after using the PLB facility has a normal distribution and can be continued paired t test. Pair 1 b. Statistical Test of Paired Sample Analysis Table 1.9 Results of Paired Samples Statistics Analysis Before and After Using PLB Facility In this table shows the mean difference between before and after use of PLB facility with mean dwelling time before using PLB facility 4,8379 days; samples analyzed were n = 29; Std.Deviation (standard deviation = ) and mean result dwelling time after using PLB facility 3,1428 days; samples analyzed were n = 29; Std.Deviation (standard deviation = ). The above data shows dwelling time before the use of PLB facilities higher than dwelling time after which the same sample is as much as 29. c. Correlation Test of Paired Samples Pair 1 Paired Samples Statistics Std. Error Mean SEBELUM_PLB SESUDAH_PLB Table 1.10 Results of Paired Samples Correlations on Dwelling Time Before and After Using PLB Facility SEBELUM_PLB & SESUDAH_PLB Paired Samples Correlations N Correlation Sig Table 1.11 Correlation Level and Relationship Strength Relationship No. Correlation Level (r) Strenght 1. 0,00 0,199 Very Weak 2. 0,20 0,399 Weak 3. 0,40 0,599 Sufficient 4. 0,60 0,799 Strong 5. 0,80 0,100 Very Strong In the Paired Sample Correlations table above, the correlation value or the relationship between dwelling time before using the PLB facility with dwelling time after using the PLB facility with the same 29 samples that is with its significance coefficient of means that dwelling time before and after using PLB facility related positive is or 23.1% but means weak. The significance of paired test test is 0.228, the meaning is that the above data shows the number of significance to before and after using the PLB facility reaches 22.8%. d. Hypothesis testing Table 1.12 Test Results Paired Sample t-test Dwelling Time Before and After Using PLB Facility Pa ir 1 per sebelum - sesud ah Mean Paired Samples Test Paired Differences t d Std Std. Ho: There is no decrease in dwelling time after using the PLB facility. (2- Deviation Error Mea n % Confidence Interval of the Difference Low er Up f 2 8 Sig. Mean N Std. Deviation taile d)

7 Ha: There is a decrease in dwelling time after using the PLB facility. Decision making in this research is based on comparison between t_table and t_count. With decision making criteria: Ho accepted if: Ho rejected if: t count < t_table t count > t_table It is known that the average difference or reduction result from dwelling time before and after using PLB Facility is days or 1 day 16 hours 41 minutes means dwelling time after PLB is better than dwelling time before PLB because the result of its number is positive with standard deviation of Differences interval with 95% confidence level obtained the lowest average difference is days or about 18 hours 37 minutes and the difference of the highest average of days or 2 days 14 hours 44 minutes. The value of t_hitung is obtained with 3,777 probability (Sig.) with n as 29, so df (degree of freedom) is obtained (n-1) that is 29-1 = 28. Based on df = 28 and for error 5%, then t_table value = (one-party test). Baru Memandang Mata Rantai Penyediaan Barang). Jakarta: Grasindo. Karsafman, T. (2011). Port Operation Management. Jakarta: PTC. Kementerian Keuangan, R. I. (n.d.). Indonesia National Single Window. Retrieved from Lasse, D.. (2014). Manajemen Pelabuhan. Jakarta: Rajawali Grafindo. Retrieved from Ministry, A. H., National, P., Competitiveness, I., & Haryana, A. (2017). Peran Pusat Logistik Berikat ( PLB ) Dalam Menurunkan Dwelling Time di Pelabuhan Indonesia, (January). Nasution, M.. (2010). Manajemen Transportasi. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia. Pusat Data Logistik, & Indonesia, S. C. I. (2016). Kumpulan Data Pelabuhan Laut Indonesia. Bandung. Retrieved from file:///c:/users/user/desktop/kumpulan_data_pelabuhan_laut_ind onesia_ pdf Riduwan, & Sunarto. (2012). Pengantar Statistika Untuk Penelitian, Pendidikan, Sosial, Komunikasi, Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Bandung: Alfabeta. Siahaya, W. (2013). Sukses Supply Chain Management Akses Demand Chain Management. In Media. Silalahi, U. (2015). Metode Penelitian Sosial Kuantitatif. Bandung: Refika Aditama. Siregar, S. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group. Sugiyono. (2009). Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Bandung: Alfabeta. Suyono, R. P. (2007). Shipping: Pengangkutan Intermodal Ekspor Impor Melalui Laut. Jakarta: PPM. Tampubolon, M. (2014). Manajemen Operasi & Rantai Pemasok (Operation and Supply Chain Management). Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media. CONCLUSION 1. dwelling time on shipment not yet or not using PLB facility reaches days or about 4 days 20 hours 7 minutes because the entire clearance process must be implemented and completed when the load is within the Port. 2. The average dwelling time on the shipment that has been using PLB facility reached days or 3 days 3 hours 26 minutes. 3. There is a positive effect in average difference reached day or 1 day 16 hours 41 minutes after using PLB facilities. The increasing number of PLB operating in Indonesia is expected to decrease national logistics cost so that national industry competitiveness will be better. REFERENCES Christopher, M. (2011). Logistics & Supply Chain Management (4th ed.). Pearson Education Limited. Direktur Jenderal, B. dan C. PER-01/BC/2016 tentang Tata Laksana Pusat Logistik Berikat (2016). Jakarta. Retrieved from Guler, N. (2002). Containerization and Terminal Area Requirement, 39(2001), Hendayani, R. (2011). Mari Berkenalan Dengan Manajemen Logistik. Bandung. Retrieved from Indrajit, R. E., & Djokopranoto, R. (2006). Konsep Supply Chain (Cara 88

LOGISTICS BONDED CENTER AS NEW CUSTOMS FACILITY BREAKTHROUGH FOR REDUCING LOGISTICS TIME AND COST

Conference on Global Research on Sustainable Transport (GROST 2017) LOGISTICS BONDED CENTER AS NEW CUSTOMS FACILITY BREAKTHROUGH FOR REDUCING LOGISTICS TIME AND COST Raden Didiet Rachmat Hidayat 1, Mohammad