Offshore wind farms. Decision Support Tool. Dr Xiang Song

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1 Offshore wind farms Decision Support Tool Dr Xiang Song LORG (Logistics and Operational Research Group) School of Mathematics LG 1.34; 1

2 Contents Introduction Literature Review Decision Support Tool Frame Work Overview of Work Stages A Graphic User Interface (GUI) - VBA Questionnaire 2

3 Figure 1: Offshore wind project timeline Source: GLGarad Hassan,

4 Figure 2: Key actors for all categories of offshore wind O&M activity Source: GLGarrad Hassan,

5 Literature Review Maintenance Strategies Proactive maintenance The maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or depending on prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the functioning of an item. Corrective maintenance The maintenance carried out after fault recognition or degradation and is intended to put an item into a state in which it can perform a required function. Source: British Standards.

6 Literature Review Parameters affecting the offshore wind farm O&M strategy 1. The size and the reliability of the offshore wind turbines 2. Operations and maintenance strategy adopted for the project 3. Distance to shore 4. Accessibility and transportation means 5. Water depth 6. Capacity factor 7. Size and orientation (micro-sitting) of the wind farm 8. Weather and sea state 9. No. of Maintenance personnel Source: Rademakers et al 2003.

7 Literature Review Parameters affecting the offshore wind farm O&M strategy Author & year Jacquemin et al (2007) Krokoszinski (2003) Elkinton et al (2006) Andrawus et al (2006) Tavner et al (2006) Obdam et al (2007) Bussel and Bierbooms (2003) Zaaijer and Bussel (2002) Key findings Weather, reliability, limited accessibility and the cost of equipment Energy lose with a corrective strategy: turbine failures, downtime and tasks A cost model: turbine failure rates, wind farm availability and tasks Failure of on shore turbines, whereas offshore has worse accessibility. Assess the influence of weather and the wind speed. The reliability of the wind turbine is a key parameter to affect energy out put and cost. Cost of maintenance transportation means is key parameter. Calculate the unit cost of energy produced using corrective maintenance.

8 Decision Support Tool - Frame Figure 3 Decision Support Tool - Frame 8

9 Fig. 4 Overview of work stages 9

10 Stage One: Requirement on Crew and Vessels Levelised Production Cost (LPC) technique is the main method proposed by the IEA (International Energy Association) to compare the competitiveness of a wind farm project (Karyotakis, 2011) LLL = TTT crew cost C cccc + transportation cost C tttttttttttttt + repair cost (C rrrrrrr ) (1 + r) t t=0 TTT t=0(e ttt E LLLL ) 10

11 Stage One: Requirement on Crew and Vessels Objective: Minimize Total cost = crew cost C cccc + transportation cost C tttttttttttttt + repair cost (C rrrrrrr )+ Energy lost cost (E LLLL R) Constraints The requested no. of maintenance visits need to be guaranteed. The availability of the vessels is limited. The availability of the manpower hours is limited. 11

12 Stage Two: Requirement on Port Decision Variables Area of Landward technician accommodation F Area for Crew mobilisation facilities E Area for Access vessel requirement S Area of the office for Supply chain companies operating L Area of Additional land for expansion of facilities if needed T Area for Storage requirements 12

13 Stage Three: Requirement on Port Basic Technician Training - A working at height access course - Sea survival course to work in any offshore industry you will need a basic sea survival - First aid certificate - Medical this is to be done by your GP or a specialist company. The medical will need to be the MCA - ML5 or ENG1 13

14 Stage Three: Requirement on Port Advanced Technician Training - Mechanical and/or electrical engineering vocational training qualification - HV electrical training (substations) - Crane operations - Advanced software training (condition monitoring/scada) - Warehouse operations - Landward transport training 14

15 A Graphic User Interface User input 15

16 A Graphic User Interface User input 16

17 A Graphic User Interface System input 17

18 A Graphic User Interface System input 18

19 A Graphic User Interface System input 19

20 A Graphic User Interface System input 20

21 A Graphic User Interface System input Class Detail Frequency 1 Class one malfunctions are the most common and are usually remedied by remote reset. 1 Involves repairing minor parts. 2 Can be completed by standard 3 man repair crew. Can be facilitated by either helicopter or small workboat. This can in many cases be combined with annual scheduled maintenance (with adequate turbine redundancies). 2 Involves the replacement of parts that technicians cannot take to the turbine themselves (bearings, drive shaft etc) 3 A small crane on the support boat with capacity for kgs is required to lift to the turbine. Alternatively, a jackup barge can be used Internal cranes should be able to lift to the nacelle. 2 In this class larger components (gearboxes, rotor blades, generators) are replaced. 4 These components are delivered directly from central depot/factory. Requirement for landward transportation Highly trained technicians required. A heavy lift crane barge will be required. 1 5 Involves replacing the entire nacelle or rot blades. 1 Requirement for an external heavy lift crane and jackup barge 21

22 A Graphic User Interface Output 1 22

23 A Graphic User Interface Output 1 23

24 A Graphic User Interface Output 2 24

25 A Graphic User Interface Output 3 25

26 Validation - Questionnaire 26

27 Thank you! 27

SENSE - Self Erecting Nacelle and Service System Estimated Cost Savings

SENSE - Self Erecting Nacelle and Service System Estimated Cost Savings - Self Erecting Nacelle and Service System Estimated Cost Savings 1. Modelling Work This document sets out the preliminary final results from the combined cost and marine operations modelling undertaken