HANDLING OF PACKAGED DANGEROUS GOODS IN SPSB PORTS

Transcription

1 HANDLING OF PACKAGED DANGEROUS GOODS IN SPSB PORTS Prepared by HSE Department Record of update: Version 1.0, Wong TF, Felicity V Wong TF V Wong TF, Azrinah V Wong TF, Azrinah

2 OBJECTIVE To provide basic understanding of packaged dangerous goods handled by SPSB to the users and SPSB staff. To make aware the responsibility and obligation in handling the packaged dangerous goods. To brief the guidelines for the handling of packaged dangerous goods in Sabah ports.

3 SCOPE Background International and National governing legislations and documents Dangerous goods and classes Packaging Identification, marking, labelling and placarding Responsibility and obligation Emergency procedures

4 Danger Of The Dangerous Goods

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6 Members of the Poplar Bluff Regional Haz- Mat team joined members of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources' Environmental Emergency Response unit to inspect a chemical spill at a Poplar Bluff Elementary School. In this incident, emergency responders apply chemical foam to a chemical tank truck involved in a roadway accident. The foam is used to suppress a possible explosion or fire.

7 2005 An accident involving mixed chemicals sent flames 30ft high. Two tractor-trailers - one hauling toxic chemicals - and a pickup collided near Kingsport at Interstate 81's Exit 63. Some of the chemicals caught fire, sending flames 10m (30 feet) into the air with a cloud of grey smoke that could be seen for miles. The driver of the truck carrying the chemicals suffered serious burns and was flown by helicopter to hospital. Kingsport Police Department Patrolman Burk Murray said four motorists stopped to try and help after the wreck, but the fire's intensity kept them from reaching the trucker. He was able to get himself out of the truck and followed their directions to escape the flames."they kept talking to him to get him out through the flames," Murray said. Authorities said they were uncertain about the type of chemicals that caught fire, so they pulled back and let the blaze burn itself out. The Deputy Fire Chief said the truck contained five different chemicals, including two polymers and others containing formaldehyde in 86 barrels that were 55 gallons each, along with pallets of other chemicals: "These chemicals are bad enough alone and we're not sure yet what got mixed." Fire officials and the city's hazardous materials team used foam to finally extinguish what remained of the blaze just after 19:00. The fire damaged the road surface, and Tennessee Department of Transportation officials planned to repave that section of the roadway once the vehicles were moved.

8 WHY IS IT VERY IMPORTANT TO HAVE DANGEROUS GOODS MANAGEMENT IN PORT?...

9 IMPORTANCE OF DANGEROUS GOODS MANAGEMENT IN PORT Ports as part of the transportation chain Different modes of transport meet - sea-going traffic and inland (river, rail and highway) Each mode may be subject to various legislative/regulatory requirements, safety practices and supervisory body There may be overlapping jurisdiction/standards as well as the potentials for gaps in jurisdiction/standards. International nature of ports Operators, ships and cargoes from different countries Ports are large, complex entities Fixed installations - terminals, warehouses, and repair/maintenance facilities Hazardous substances are transferred, used, handled or stored.

10 IMPORTANCE OF DANGEROUS GOODS MANAGEMENT IN PORT [CONT.] Port tend to be located near large, densely populated areas and sensitive environments (historical reason) Cargo transfer and handling operations continuously take place in ports. Variety of employers in ports - differing management structures and attitudes towards safety. Greater likelihood of the use of casual labour than at fixed installations. The ship-shore interface creates the potential, on an operational level, for a conflict of interest between environmental protection and marine safety. Land use planning decisions (within and outside) Packaging, labeling, documentation, packing and placarding or marking of CTUs

11 GOVERNING LEGISLATIONS & DOCUMENTS FOR MALAYSIAN PORTS Sabah Ports Authority Enactment, 1981 including subsidiary legislations made thereunder. Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1994 and Regulations. Factories and Machinery Act, 1967 and Regulations. Environment Quality Act, 1974 and Regulations Petroleum (safety Measure) Act 1984 International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Codes, latest amendment as adopted by Malaysia. Recommendations on the safe transport of dangerous cargoes and related activities in port areas. Guidelines for The Handling of Packaged Dangerous Goods in Sabah Ports

12 WHY IMDG CODE?

13 WHY IMDG CODE The need for international agreements for handling of dangerous goods is important in view of the severity of damage caused by dangerous goods. Ship crews affected in 1974 by arsine cylinder leak were unable to work after 20 years On 2 March 1991, an explosion, caused by unidentified chemical substances, occurred in the Dangerous Goods Warehouse of Bangkok Port. The accident caused losses of life, cargoes, properties and damage to the environment estimated at US$8 million. In 1992, it took six days to clean a container ship, POL East, contaminated by leaking of fungicide containers. In 2000, some fireworks were misclassified and stored in wrong place. Later an explosion of the fireworks lead to massive damage to the town of Enschede, in Holland

14 WHAT ARE DANGEROUS GOODS? Dangerous goods have the potential to cause immediate harm to people, property and the environment due to the possibility of a fire, explosion, release of toxic, flammable, or corrosive materials during a storage or handling incident.

15 IMO DEFINITION OF DANGEROUS GOODS Means any of the following cargoes, whether packaged, carried in bulk packagings or in bulk within the scope of the following regulations: oils covered by Annex I of MARPOL 73/78; gases covered by the Codes for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk; noxious liquid substances/chemicals, including wastes covered by the Codes for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk and Annex II of MARPOL 73/78; dangerous, hazardous and harmful substances, materials and articles including environmentally hazardous substances (marine pollutants) and wastes, covered by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; and solid bulk materials possessing chemical hazards and solid bulk materials hazardous only in bulk (MHBs), including wastes, covered by Appendix B of the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes. The term dangerous goods included any empty uncleaned packagings (such as tank-containers, receptacles, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), bulk packagings, portable tanks or tank vehicles) which previously contained dangerous goods, unless the packagings have been sufficiently cleaned of residue of the dangerous goods and purged of vapours so as to nullify any hazard or has been filled with a non-dangerous substance.

16 CLASSES OF DANGEROUS GOODS

17 CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS (DG) IMDG CODE (Shows the Properties of DG) SPA CLASS (Shows the degree of danger & Port Acceptance Purpose)

18 IMDG CLASS 1: EXPLOSIVES Rapid burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen Resulting gaseous products expand rapidly and cause explosion

19 IMDG CLASS 2 : GASES Substance that has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kpa at 50 C or is completely gaseous at 20 C at atmospheric pressure. Four states Compressed Liquefied Refrigerated liquefied Solution Class 2.1: Flammable gases E.g.: LP gas, acetylene Class 2.3: Toxic gases E.g.: Chlorine, ammonia Class 2.2: Non-flammable, non-toxic gases E.g.: Argon, oxygen, nitrogen

20 IMDG CLASS 3 : FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Liquid with a flashpoint of 61 C or below. Include substance transport as a liquid at an elevated temperature at or above its flashpoint even if the flash point is above 61 C. All flammable liquids have a narcotic effect if inhaled. Example: petrol, kerosene.

21 IMDG CLASS 4 : FLAMMABLE SOLIDS Class 4.1 Flammable solids E.g.: SULFUR, NITROCELLULOSE WITH ALCOHOL Readily combustible solids which if ignited can rapidly spread the resulting fire (e.g.: celluloid) Solids which may catch fire through friction which can produce sufficient heat energy to ignite the substance (e.g. matches) Self-reactive solids and liquids and substances related to them. These are thermally unstable molecules which if heated will undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition reaction and some will burn vigorously. Typical self reactive substances contain nitrogen. Some self-reactive substances need to be temperature controlled during storage and transport. Desensitized explosives. These are explosives which are wetted with water or alcohol or diluted with other substances to suppress their explosive properties (e.g.: mixtures containing between 2% and 10% nitroglycerine).

22 IMDG CLASS 4 : FLAMMABLE SOLIDS [CONT.] Class 4.2: Self Igniting Solids Pyrophoric substances. These are substances (including mixtures and solutions) which even in small quantities will spontaneously ignite due to the rate of heat produced during the reaction with oxygen in the air exceeding the rate at which heat produced during the reaction with oxygen in the air exceeding the rate at which heat can be removed. The overall effect is that the substances is raised to its auto-ignition temperature and thus catches fire. Ignition occurs within five minutes of exposure. Typical examples of spontaneously combustible substances are some finely divided metal powders and metal catalyst. Self-heating substances. These are substances which will only autoignite when stored for long periods of time 9hours or days) in large (kg) amounts. Carbon powder and some vegetable fibres are liable to selfheating. E.g. : Activated carbon, copra

23 IMDG CLASS 5 : SUBSTANCES CONTAINING OXYGEN Class 5.1 Oxidizing substances» Substances that liberate oxygen during thermal decomposition.» They increase the risk and intensity of fire and make it difficult to extinguish. Class 5.2 Organic peroxides Relates to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but one or both H replaced by organic molecules. Very strong oxidizers Some are thermally unstable even at normal transport temperature Decomposition by temperature rise or even by the presence of impurities Reaction is exothermic, sometimes explosive, may evolve harmful or flammable gas

24 IMDG CLASS 6 : TOXIC SUBSTANCES (TOXIC AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES) Class 6.1 Toxic substances Substances assigned to 6.1 are known from experience or by test to cause death or serious injury to human by poisoning. Class 6.1 Toxic substances Cultures of biological micro-organisms that are known or reasonably expected to cause infectious disease in humans or in animals. In case of damage or leakage immediately notify Public Health Authority. Clinical waste is included.

25 IMDG CLASS 7 : RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS Major hazard may damage external or internal body tissue by the effect of invisible radiation. Heat emission Examples: uranium cobalt, plutonium Class 7 Labels

26 IMDG CLASS 8 : CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES Acidic, will form acids on contact with moisture or are basic. Cause damage to living tissue and/or corrosion to the metal structures of ships. Examples: Battery acids (sulfuric acid), Caustic soda (use for bleaching, water industry)

27 IMDG CLASS 9 : MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES AND ARTICLES Include substances not within the last eight classes but sufficiently dangerous to be included in the code Substances likely to cause cancer after even a single exposure like asbestos Irritants and allergens like benzaldehyde Fire risk Asphyxiants Marine pollutant Some examples: lithium batteries, dry ice, asbestos

28 Port Classification

29 CLASSIFICATION FOR PORT ACCEPTANCE PURPOSE (THIRD SCHEDULE, SPA ENACTMENT) Dangerous Goods included in the Third schedule in SPA Regulation are divided into the following classes: CLASS I No dangerous goods under this class can be landed at any SPSB S wharf, except with such condition and in such place as directed by SPA. E.g. : PROPIONALDEHYDE, BLASTING POWDER, PENTANE, liquid CLASS II CLASS III CLASS IV Class II goods can only be unloaded or loaded by direct transit from vessel to vessel without being deposited on or passed over a wharf, and with such conditions as directed by SPA. E.g. :Petroleum Distillates, NOS or Petroleum Products, NOS (F.P.< -18ºC), Hexanes (F.P.< -18ºC) Class III goods discharged on to a wharf shall be, as directed by SPA, immediately removed, (IIIr) or stored in a godown or space set aside for the storage of dangerous goods. They shall be loaded immediately upon arrival alongside the vessel concerned. E.g. : III - Isopropanol (Isopropyl Alcohol), IIIr - Hexanes (F.P.> or = -18ºC) Class IV goods discharged on to a wharf shall, if not immediately removed from the port area, be stored in such place and in such manners as directed by SPA Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid, Potassium Nitrate

30 For Port acceptance: Class I Class II Class III Class IIIr Class IV X X but direct delivery

31 COMPARISON OF SPA & IMDG CLASSES Material Oxygen refrigerated Liquid (UN 1073) Acetone (UN No. 1090) Carbon Monoxide, Compressed (UN 1016) Carbon-Charcoal or Carbon black (UN 1361 or UN 1362) Copra (UN 1363) Calcium Carbide (UN 1402) Lithium Batteries (UN 3090) Cyanide (UN 1588) Oxygen (UN No. 1072) Oleum (Un No. 1831) Alcoholic Beverages (UN No. 3065) Perfumery, Lotions, Liquid Cosmetics in Alcoholic etc. Solutions (UN No. 1266) SPA Class IV II IIIr IV IV IIIr Not mentioned III IV IV III IMDG Class Not mentioned ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT SPA CLASS & IMDG CODE ARE TWO DIFFERENT THINGS!

32 PACKAGING All dangerous goods shall be packaged in accordance with the IMO/ILO Guidelines for Packing Cargo in Freight Containers or Vehicles or any other national or International requirement applicable to the mode of transport to ensure high degree of safety. Drum Bulkbag Container ISO tank container

33 IDENTIFICATION, MARKING, LABELLING OR PLACARDING All dangerous goods shall be properly identified, marked, labelled or placarded so as to comply with the appropriate provisions of the IMDG code, and relevant national or international safety requirements.

34 PROPER SHIPPING NAME (PSN) - Trade Name Paint Acetone Battery Acid Helium Pesticide PSN Paint or Paint Related Material Acetone (Acetone Solutions) Sulphuric Acid with more than 51% acid Helium Compressed Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, Toxic UN No Examples : UN Trinitrotoluene (TNT) UN Kerosene UN Flammable liquid N.O.S. UN Solids containing flammable liquids N.O.S.

35 UN NUMBER- Numerical (XXXX) system to overcome language barriers Currently about 3000 numbers allocated. Against estimated >60,000 dangerous chemicals

36 MARKING Proper Shipping Name UN number, preceded by UN Example, for caprylyl chloride, the marking is CORROSIVE LIQUID, ACIDIC, ORGANIC, N.O.S (Caprylyl chloride) UN3265

37 MARKING [cont.] SPECIAL PROVISION FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS Identification of consignor or consignee, or both, marked on outside Certain package types must have trefoil symbol on the outside Other provisions

38 MARKING [cont.] SPECIAL PROVISION FOR MARINE POLLUTANT

39 IMDG LABEL Identify danger, primary and subsidiary risk Conform to specified colour, symbols, numbers and general format Minimum 100mm by 100mm square, 45 deg. diamond shape. E.g. different classes of IMDG

40 IMDG LABEL [Cont.] ORIENTATION

41 PLACARDING AND MARKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT UNITS [Cont.]

42 PLACARDING AND MARKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT UNITS [Cont.] FUMIGATION WARNING SIGN

43 PLACARDING AND MARKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT UNITS [cont.] ELEVATED TEMPERATURE MARK

44 RESPONSIBILITY OF VESSEL MASTER, CONSIGNEE AND/OR FORWARDING AGENT

45 Responsibility of the vessel master, consignee and/or the forwarding agent: Advance notification Advice precautionary handling measures Ensure proper identification & packing Inform any damage to the packaged DG Inform any accident in association with the dangerous goods Provide personal protective equipment and clothing for their personnel

46 Agent submits Form A & Manifest to PM office 36 hrs before arrival SPSB DG OPERATION FLOW CHART DG? Submit notification of DG Form, MSDS to Safety Officer Class of DG No Yes Normal Operation Procedure Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Cargo rejected Appeal Yes Yes Deposit on or over wharf Operation (mid stream) commences & proceeds till completion No No Copy extended to HSE Department & PM for reference. Packaging & labeling in compliance? Packaging not damage? Submit cargo handling & storage details (IMDS Code) to Safety Officer where requested Yes Accept Cargo? Operation Commences Class 4 Operation suspended & cargo removed from port Yes Operation proceeds till completion

47 ADVANCE NOTIFICATION SPSB must be notified not less than 36 hours in advance of the dangerous goods entering the port area. Fumigants (and associated fumigation activity) are also subject to dangerous goods procedure. The notification must be made by submitting the Safety Officer the followings: Manifest Form A Notification of Dangerous Goods form Chemical Safety Data Sheet / Material Safety Data Sheet.

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49 ADVICE SPSB ON PRECAUTIONARY HANDLING MEASURES Information on safe handling and storage can be obtained from the Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS)*. *Some legislation used the term Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). However, CSDS and MSDS refer to the same subject.

50 WHAT IS CHEMICAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (CSDS)? Many chemical used in industries are harmful to health. Some are flammable while others can be toxic, corrosive or even radioactive. CSDS provides such information for the safe use of hazardous substances, as well as emergency actions should any accident occurs. The CSDS provides employers, self-employed persons, workers and other health and safety representatives with the necessary information to safely manage the risk from hazardous substance exposure.

51 CSDS (M SIA LEGAL REQUIREMENT) In Malaysia, it is governed by Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Hazardous Chemical) Regulations (Also known as OSH (CPL) Regulations 1997)

52 DUTY TO SUPPLY CSDS OSH (CPL) Regulations, Section 9 (1): Duty of supplier to furnish an up-to-date CSDS for each hazardous chemical supplied. Who is supplier? means a person who supplies chemical and includes a formulator, a manufacturer, an importer or a distributor.

53 OSH (CPL) Regulations 1997, Section 9 (2): CSDS shall contain the following information: a) Chemical Product and Company Identification b) Information on Ingredient c) Hazard Identification d) First Aid Measure e) Fire Fighting Measures f) Accident Release Measures g) Handling and Storage h) Exposure Central and Personal Protection i) Physical and Chemical Properties j) Stability and Reactivity k) Toxicological Information l) Ecological Information m) Disposal Information n) Transport Information

54 RESPONSIBILITY TO REVIEW CSDS OSH (CPL) Regulations 1997, Section 9 (3): Duty of supplier to review and revise the CSDS when: a change in formulation which: affects the hazardous properties of the substance alters the form, appearance or mode of application of the substance a change to the hazardous substance which alters its health and/or safety hazard or risk new health and/or safety information on the hazardous substance such as exposure standard changes or a substance previously considered not harmful is now established to be harmful (e.g. carcinogenic) at least every five years.

55 ACTION ON DAMAGED DG PACKAGES All damaged dangerous good packages must be notified to SPSB and removed from the port area following necessary safety measures.

56 INFORM SPSB OF ANY ACCIDENT/INCIDENT RELATED TO DG Any person in charge of DG must inform the nearest SPSB Security personnel and HSEO on any DG related incident/accident. Accident Near miss Release/spillage The person in charge must immediately cause the operation to be stopped if it is safe to do so.

57 INFORM SPSB OF ANY ACCIDENT/INCIDENT RELATED TO DG [CONT.] During emergency response action, all parties must render their cooperation by: Providing the quantities and technical details of the DG. providing the necessary information on measures to be taken to deal with the incident. Providing the details of the accident including the cause and the damage tot eh property and environment and injury to people.

58 PROVIDE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) AND CLOTHING TO THEIR PERSONNEL OSHA 1994, Part IV, Section 15: Duty of every employer and self employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare of all his employees. This includes providing PPE. Contravention to the provision: maximum fine RM50,000 or 2 years imprisonment or both.

59 HOW TO DETERMINE THE RIGHT PPE? To determine the right type of PPE, the routes of entry, means of exposure and physical property of chemical should be considered. Routes of entry Inhalation Absorption Ingestion Description Breathing in through the mouth or nose into lung e.g.: Dust, gas, vapour, fumes Passing through the skin or eyes e.g.: Organic oil, fine metals Eating, drinking and swallowing Examples of type of PPE Respirator Dust mask SCBA Hand glove Impervious clothing Goggles e.g.: Splashing of chemical, improper hygiene practice, inhalation-respiratory tractswallowed

60 EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

61 Risk Emergency response workers are especially at risk. In 1988 six firemen were killed minutes after arriving at the scene of two burning pick-up trucks in Missouri, when more than 30,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate stored in a nearby trailer exploded. This incident led to the formation of the hazardous materials division of the Kansas City, Missouri, Fire Department, specializing in hazardous materials handling.

62 WHAT TO DO IN TIME OF EMERGENCY? Try to remember the PSN, UN Number and DG Class. Details of incident Location Time Who and how many people equipment involved Owner of property Pollution? Extent of damage and injury.

63 Compliance with the IMDG Code is the way to avoid accidents If you cannot comply DO NOT SHIP