Manufacturing of Fe-Cr-Al weld overlay coatings for high temperature applications
|
|
- Gloria Cole
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Manufacturing of Fe-Cr-Al weld overlay coatings for high temperature applications Authors: Teemu Sarikka, Risto Ilola, Hannu Hänninen, Aalto University School of Engineering, Department of Engineering Design and Production, Laoratory of Engineering Materials, Finland Rami Pohja, Satu Tuurna, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
2 Astract Boiler and tuing materials used in iomass-fired energy production are susceptile to corrosion in severe corrosive environments caused y inorganic constituents such as alkali metals and chlorine at the operating temperatures. Alumina forming alloys have een considered as possile candidates in these applications. In this study, overlay welds with FeCrAl type consumales having a nominal Al content of 5.8% (Kanthal A1) and 10% (prototype consumale) were developed and produced. The overlay welds were manufactured on T22 steel (10CrMo9-10). The overlay welds were made with a single-wire or two-wire GTAW method. Performance of the welds was tested in 168 h potassium chloride (KCl) exposure tests at 600 C in as-welded condition and after 24 h preoxidation at 950 C. Aluminium distriution in the welds and the formed oxide layers in the KCl exposure were characterized with SEM. After the exposure tests the oxide scales were mainly iron and chromium oxides in samples of as-welded condition and aluminium oxide in samples of preoxidized condition. Introduction Conventional heat-resistant stainless steels used in the critical components of a iomass-fired power plant rely on chromia (chromium oxide, Cr 2 O 3 ) scales for protection against high-temperature corrosion attack. However, since the higher efficiency demands the operating temperatures of the power plants to increase, the chromia scales may no longer provide sufficient protection against high-temperature corrosion attack and, thus, new approaches are needed to replace the chromia as the provider of the high-temperature corrosion resistance of the construction materials. One possile replacement to chromia in iron-ased high-temperature alloys is alumina (aluminium oxide, Al 2 O 3 ). Aluminium is a very effective alloying element in improving the alloy s resistance to oxidation and other types of high-temperature corrosion attack 1. As an alloying element, the purpose of Al is to form a healing layer of alumina on the surface of the oxide layer at the gas-scale interface to protect the structural material against high-temperature corrosion attack. The alumina scale protects the material against high-temperature oxidation y acting as a diffusion arrier to metal and oxygen ions trying to penetrate the oxide scale 2. Growth rate of an alumina scale is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of Cr 2 O 3. Alumina is also significantly more thermodynamically stale than chromia. Alumina scales have een proven to e specifically eneficial in the presence of aggressive caron- or sulphur-species encountered in comustion and chemical process industry applications 3. The most critical factors in the formation of the protecting alumina scale on Fe-Cr-Al alloys are the temperature in which the scale forms and the aluminium content which has to e high enough to develop and maintain an alumina scale and prevent the following reakaway oxidation of the alloy 2. There are several different types of alumina scales formed on the surface of Fe-Cr-Al alloy and the type of the scale depends on its formation temperature. When the oxide scale formation occurs in temperatures higher than 1000 C, the forming oxide scale will e thermodynamically stale α- Al 2 O 3 scale and it is continuous, has very low defect concentration, and will provide the material with outstanding oxidation resistance 4. α-al 2 O 3 is a stale high temperature form of alumina, which has a slow growth rate and a large and gap which makes the electronic conduction difficult 2. The Al 2 O 3 scale formed in temperatures higher than 1000 C consists mainly of α-al 2 O 3. The α-al 2 O 3 scale provides effective protection against high-temperature corrosion ecause it is chemically inert and grows relatively slowly. The oxidation rate of the material slows down rapidly after a continuous layer of α-al 2 O 3 has formed 5. The aluminium oxide scales, which are formed in temperatures < 1000 C, are so called transition aluminas, e.g. γ- and θ-al 2 O 3. They have different crystal structures compared to the stale α- 2
3 Al 2 O 3. When oxidation takes place in temperatures aove 1000 C, the transient aluminas can e oserved during the initial stages of oxidation 2. These transition aluminas are metastale and they will convert into the thermodynamically stale α-al 2 O 3 over time, however, the transformation is temperature dependent and it is relatively slow at temperatures elow 1000 C. Transition aluminas are not desired due to their larger defect concentration and higher growth rate 4. Experimental methods The samples used in this study were manufactured using GTAW (gas-tungsten arc welding) procedure. The cladding materials chosen for the study were ferritic alumina-forming Kanthal A1 alloy and manually composed ferritic alumina-forming alloy with a nominal composition of Fe- 17Cr-10Al. Standard 10CrMo9-10 steel was chosen as ase metal for the cladding. Nominal chemical compositions of the chosen materials are presented in Tale 1. Kanthal A1 coating layers were welded over the structural layer using a single-wire GTAW method. Manually composed Fe- 17Cr-10Al samples were manufactured using GTAW with dual wires, one eing commercially pure 1070 Al and the other one eing ferritic RW 430. Exact nominal composition of the cladding material was sought to e as close as possile of eing 10 wt. % of Al y controlling the composition y adjusting the wire feed speeds of the additive wires. The cladding layer was welded on the top of the ase metal either as a single layer or, to minimize the amount of susequent dilution of Al and Cr from the cladding to the ase material, as two pass-layers. Tale 1. Nominal chemical compositions of the studied materials. Sample Fe (%) Cr (%) Si (%) Mo (%) Cu (%) Ni (%) Kanthal A1 Balance RW 430 Balance CrMo9-10 Balance Sample Mn (%) V (%) S (%) P (%) Al (%) C (%) Kanthal A , RW CrMo KCl-tests were performed in order to study the material ehaviour in high chlorine environments. Four 20x20x12 mm samples of each cladding material were cut from the overlay welds, two from single-layer weld and two from two-layer weld. The cutting surfaces of the samples were polished using 320 grit paper, one sample of each type was preoxidized in air atmosphere at 950 C for 24 h, and all the samples were then exposed to potassium chloride containing environment for 168 h at 600 C. The exposed samples were examined in order to determine the effects KCl environment had on the oxide scales of the samples. Results Tale 2 shows the measured chemical compositions of the studied samples. The measurements were done using a standard SEM-EDS point analysis method with 15 different points from each sample making the total of 30 measurements per cladding. The Al was evenly distriuted throughout the Kanthal A1 claddings and the variation in Al composition in Kanthal A1 samples was quite low. In Fe-17Cr-10Al samples, the Al composition distriution was much larger. The Al composition 3
4 measured from on pass of the sample was totally different than the composition measured from the other pass of the sample. Also, the chemical composition of Al was much lower in Fe-17Cr-Al samples than in Kanthal A1 samples. Tale 2. Measured chemical compositions of the studied materials. Acquisition Fe (wt. %) Cr (wt. %) Al (wt. %) Kanthal A1 1-layer Kanthal A1 2-layer FeCrAl 1-layer FeCrAl 2-layer SEM (scanning electron microscope) pictures of the oxide scale on the surface of the KCl-tested Kanthal A1 two-layer sample of as-welded (a) and preoxidized () states are presented in Figure 1. The oxide scale covered the surfaces of the claddings thoroughly and was similar all over the surface. As can e seen, the oxide scale on the cladding of the as-welded sample consists of larger amount of individual oxide layers and the scale is clearly thicker on as-welded sample than on the preoxidized sample. The oxide layers were optically similar on one-layer Kanthal A1 samples. a Fig.1. SEM pictures of Kanthal A1 oxide scale. Figure 2 shows SEM pictures of the oxide scales on the surface of the cladding material on KCltested Fe-17Cr-10Al two-layer samples of as-welded (a) and preoxidized () states. The surfaces of the claddings were completely covered with oxide scale; however, the oxide scale was not similar throughout the preoxidized sample. The oxide scale on the preoxidized sample was partly identical to the oxide scale on the as-welded sample and partly it was noticealy thinner, as can e seen from the Figure 2. The oxide scales on the surfaces of the Fe-17Cr-10Al samples were overall thicker compared to the Kanthal A1 samples. The oxide layers were optically similar also on one-layer Fe- 17Cr-10Al samples; the oxide layer of the preoxidized sample was not similar throughout the surface of the cladding and the oxide scales were thicker than the oxide scales on Kanthal A1 samples. 4
5 a Fig.2. SEM pictures of Fe-17Cr-10Al oxide scale. Figure 3 shows the SEM-EDS elemental maps of the oxide scales on the surface of the Kanthal A1 two-layer samples of as-welded (a) and preoxidized () states. As can e seen, the oxide scale on the surface of the as-welded sample consists of the top layer of iron oxides, the middle layer of chromium and aluminium oxides, and eneath the chromium oxide layer is a very thin internal layer of aluminium oxide. The oxide scale on the surface of the preoxidized sample, on the other hand, consists only of an external layer of aluminium oxide. a Fig.3. SEM-EDS elemental maps of Kanthal A1 samples (the difference in the colours of the elements noticed). The SEM-EDS elemental maps of the oxide scales on the surface of the Fe-17Cr-10Al two-layer samples of as-welded (a) and preoxidized () states are show in Figure 4. The oxide scale on the surface of the as-welded sample consists of layers of iron and chromium oxides and aluminium is nearly undetectale in the specimen. The oxide scale on the surface of the preoxidized sample has external aluminium oxide scale; however, it is not even nearly continuous and does not cover the whole oxide scale. Underneath the aluminium oxide particles, there is a layer of iron oxides. 5
6 a Fig.4. SEM-EDS elemental maps of Fe-17Cr-10Al samples. Conclusions The manufacturing of Kanthal A1 cladding was successful; the aluminium in the cladding was evenly distriuted and the composition was sufficient to provide the material with the aility to form an external aluminium oxide scale. The manufacturing of the cladding with 10 wt. % nominal aluminium composition was not successful; the aluminium in the cladding was unevenly distriuted and the composition of aluminium in the cladding was clearly lower than desired, even clearly lower than in Kanthal A1 cladding. The low aluminium composition was likely due to the uneven distriution of aluminium in the cladding and vaporisation of aluminium during the welding process. The Kanthal A1 sample did not form an external aluminium oxide layer in the KCl environment; instead it formed an oxide scale with multiple different oxide layers with non-continuous internal aluminium oxide layer. The preoxidation of Kanthal A1 cladding formed a thin, continuous, external aluminium oxide layer on the surface of the cladding which resisted the KCl environment and, thus, provided the material with good resistance against chlorine containing environment. The cladding with 10 wt. % nominal aluminium composition was not understandaly ale to resist the KCl environment neither in as-welded nor in preoxidized state since the aluminium composition was not high enough to provide the material with the aility to form any kind of external aluminium oxide scale. Acknowledgements This study was made as a part of a collaorative project, called Matexon, etween Aalto University and VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland). The authors wish to express their gratitude for all the participants of the project. References 1. Lai, G. (2007) High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications. ASM International, USA. 461 p. ISBN-10: Prescott, R. and Graham, M. (1992A) The Formation of Aluminum Oxide Scales on High- Temperature Alloys. Oxidation of Metals, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp Brady, M.P., Yamamoto, Y., Santella, M.L., Maziasz, P.J., Pint, B.A., Liu, C.T., Lu, Z.P., and Bei, H. (2008) The Development of Alumina-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels for 6
7 High-Temperature Structural Use. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Vol. 60, pp Liu, F., Götlind, H., Svensson, J.-E., Johansson, L.-G., and Halvarsson, M. (2008) Early Stages of the Oxidation of a FeCrAlRE Alloy (Kanthal AF) at 900 C: A Detailed Microstructural Investigation. Corrosion Science, Vol. 50, No. 8, pp Engkvist, J., Canovic, S., Hellström, K., Järdnäs, A., Svensson, J.-E., Johansson, L.-G., Olsson, M., and Halvarsson, M. (2010) Alumina Scale Formation on a Powder Metallurgical FeCrAl Alloy (Kanthal APMT) at 900-1,100 C in Dry O 2 and in O 2 + H 2 O. Oxidation of Metals, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp
Critical high temperature corrosion issues in biomass-fired powerplants
Critical high temperature corrosion issues in biomass-fired powerplants L-G. Johansson J Liske, A Olivas, C Geers, D Zhao, E Larsson, JE Svensson, J Enqvist, K Hellström, N Israelsson, S Karlsson, T Jonsson
More informationPre-oxidation and its effect on reducing high-temperature corrosion of superheater tubes during biomass firing
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jan 29, 2019 Pre-oxidation and its effect on reducing high-temperature corrosion of superheater tubes during biomass firing Okoro, Sunday Chukwudi; Kvisgaard, M.; Montgomery,
More informationCorrosion in biomass-fired installations
Corrosion in biomass-fired installations By Trine Nybo Lomholt, specialist & Søren Klinggaard, project manager Straw and wood chips are attractive fuels, but firing with biomass rather than fossil fuels
More informationOxidation Comparison of Alumina-Forming and Chromia-Forming Commercial Alloys at 1100 and 1200 C
Oxid Met (2017) 88:315 326 DOI 10.1007/s11085-016-9710-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Oxidation Comparison of Alumina-Forming and Chromia-Forming Commercial Alloys at 1100 and 1200 C Bo Jönsson 1 Alla Westerlund 1 Received:
More information2017 Water Reactor Fuel Performance Meeting September 10 (Sun) ~ 14 (Thu), 2017 Ramada Plaza Jeju Jeju Island, Korea
FRESH WATER QUENCHING OF ALLOYS OF NUCLEAR INTEREST INCLUDING FeCrAl FOR ACCIDENT TOLERANT FUEL CLADDING Michael Schuster 1, Cole Crawford 1, and Raul B. Rebak 1 1 GE Global Research: 1 Research Circle,
More informationHigh Temperature Corrosion Behaviors of the Superheater Materials
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 36 (2012 ) 212 216 IUMRS-ICA 2011 High Temperature Corrosion Behaviors of the Superheater Materials Wen-Wen Luo a, *, Zong-De Liu a,b, Yong-Tian
More informationAlloy Steels. Engineering Materials. Introduction : Msc. Shaymaa Mahmood
Alloy Steels Introduction : Steels are, essentially, alloys of iron and carbon, containing up to 1.5 % of carbon. Steel is made by oxidizing away the impurities that are present in the iron produced in
More informationMICROSTRUCTURE AND WELDABILITY EVALUATION OF DISSIMAILAR METAL JOINT USING PASTE TECHNIQUE FOR BUTTERING LAYERS
MICROSTRUCTURE AND WELDABILITY EVALUATION OF DISSIMAILAR METAL JOINT USING PASTE TECHNIQUE FOR BUTTERING LAYERS Dinesh Rathod 1, Hariom Choudhary 2, Sunil Pandey 3 1. Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical
More informationPerformance of plasma spray coatings on Inconel 625 in Air oxidation and molten salt environment at 800 C
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 974-429 Vol.6, No.5, pp 2744-2749, Aug-Sept 14 Performance of plasma spray coatings on Inconel 625 in Air oxidation and molten salt
More informationHigh-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a New Ni-Cr-Mo-Si Alloy
High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a New Ni-Cr-Mo-Si B. A. Baker and G. D. Smith Special Metals Corp. 32 Riverside Drive Huntington, WV 2575 B. A. Pint and L. R. Walker Oak Ridge National Laboratory
More informationHastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200)
Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200) Hastelloy C-2000 is a versatile alloy that provides high resistance to variety of chemicals including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and other strong acidic media. It offers
More informationDepartment of Interface Chemistry & Surface Engineering Düsseldorf, Germany. 16 th February
Contribution to the analysis of the corrosion process of commercial steels and newly developed laboratory alloys under simulated incineration conditions Markus Schmitt, Michael Spiegel Department of Interface
More informationA Comparative Study of the Initial Corrosion of KCl and PbCl 2 on a Low-Alloyed Steel
Oxid Met (2017) 87:779 787 DOI 10.1007/s11085-017-9765-x ORIGINAL PAPER A Comparative Study of the Initial Corrosion of KCl and PbCl 2 on a Low-Alloyed Steel E. Larsson 1 H. Gruber 1 K. Hellström 1 T.
More informationHigh Temperature Corrosion of HVAF-Sprayed NiCrAlY Coating Exposed to Various Corrosive Environments
High Temperature Corrosion of HVAF-Sprayed NiCrAlY Coating Exposed to Various Corrosive Environments Esmaeil Sadeghimeresht a, Reza Jafari b, Taghi Shahrabi Farahani b, Nicolaie Markocsan a, Shrikant Joshi
More informationSensitization & Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 & 316
Sensitization & Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 & 316 Manish Kumar Verma Mechanical, Columbia Institute of Engineering & Technology, Raipur (India) ABSTRACT Austenitic Stainless steels
More informationInterfaces: Corrosion in Pb-alloy cooled nuclear reactors and advanced mitigation measures
Interfaces: Corrosion in Pb-alloy cooled nuclear reactors and advanced mitigation measures and G. Müller KIT KIT Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und nationales Forschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
More informationHigh Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Flake and Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons
Oxid Met (2011) 76:161 168 DOI 10.1007/s11085-011-9244-8 ORIGINAL PAPER High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Flake and Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons Meng-Bin Lin Chaur-Jeng Wang Alex A. Volinsky Received:
More informationInvestigation of aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel weld metal
Computational Methods and Experiments in Material Characterisation II 63 Investigation of aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel weld metal
More informationMetallurgy, Alloys, and Applications p. 1 Introduction and Overview p. 3 Major Groups of Copper and Copper Alloys p. 3 Properties of Importance p.
Preface p. vii Metallurgy, Alloys, and Applications p. 1 Introduction and Overview p. 3 Major Groups of Copper and Copper Alloys p. 3 Properties of Importance p. 3 Fabrication Characteristics p. 5 Alloy
More informationKeep in shape when the heat is on. Kanthal APMT for strength and corrosion resistance at extreme temperatures
Keep in shape when the heat is on Kanthal APMT for strength and corrosion resistance at extreme temperatures Superior performance when the heat is on When furnace temperatures reach as high as 1250 C (2282
More informationThe Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of AISI 347 Stainless Steel to ASTM A335 Low Alloy Steel Dissimilar Welds
, pp.14-18 The Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of AISI 347 Stainless Steel to ASTM A335 Low Alloy Steel Dissimilar Welds I. Hajiannia 1, M.Shamanian 2* and M. Kasiri 3 1,3 Department of Materials Engineering,
More informationEFFECT OF VOLUME FRACTION OF (Cr,Fe) 7 C 3 CARBIDES ON CORROSION RESISTANCE OF THE Fe-Cr-C HARDFACING ALLOYS AT
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES Scientific paper UD: 621.791.5 EFFET OF VOLUME FRATION OF (r,fe) 7 3 ARBIDES ON ORROSION RESISTANE OF THE Fe-r- HARDFAING ALLOYS AT r = 6 Hamed Sabet
More informationRepair of Structural Steel Surface Groove by Using Diffusion Welding of Pure Iron Powder
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (897-0) Volume 6 Issue /06 05 0 9/ Repair of Structural
More informationBack to Basics Stainless Steel. Tom Mackerras National Engineering Manager
Back to Basics Stainless Steel Tom Mackerras National Engineering Manager Winery Engineers Conference 2018 26 July 2018 1 What is Stainless Steel? Group of steels which have a minimum of 10.5% Cr Creates
More informationFactors Influencing Materials Selection in Condensing Economizers
Materials Selection for Condensing Economizers Gary M. Carinci, Ph.D. Outokumpu Stainless Outokumpu Stainless Factors Influencing Materials Selection in Condensing Economizers Temperature ph control Sulfur
More informationAlloy Steels. Chapter 7. Copyright 2007 Dr. Ali Ourdjini.
7 Alloy Steels At the end of this lesson students should be able to: Classify alloy steels Explain: effects of alloying elements to steel properties Discuss: composition, microstructure, mechanical properties
More informationEffect Of Temperature On Oxidation Kinetics Of Mild Steel
Effect Of Temperature On Oxidation Kinetics Of Mild Steel Dr. Obotowo W. Obot Mr. Chinda Believe Chibuike Abstract: This research Effect of temperature on oxidation kinetics of mild steel was aimed at
More informationSTRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF STAINLESS STEELS IN HIGH PRESSURE ALKALINE ELECTROLYSERS
STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF STAINLESS STEELS IN HIGH PRESSURE ALKALINE ELECTROLYSERS Haraldsen, K. 1 and Leth-Olsen, H. 1 1 Corporate Research Centre, Norsk Hydro ASA, P.O.Box 2560, 3908 Porsgrunn, Norway
More informationIn situ studies of carbon formation leading to metal dusting in syngas processes
In situ studies of carbon formation leading to metal dusting in syngas processes Olle Söderström Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University February 2010 Abstract Metal dusting corrosion begins
More informationEffects of DC plasma nitriding parameters on properties of DIN low alloy steel
2nd National Iranian Conference on Gas Hydrate (NICGH) S Semnan University Effects of DC plasma nitriding parameters on properties of DIN 1.2344 low alloy steel H. Khorsand a*, H. Aghajani b, N. Mohamadian
More informationMicrostructure and tensile property simulation of grey cast iron components
Microstructure and tensile property simulation of grey cast iron components Attila Diószegi Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Organisation / Component Technology, Jönköping University
More information2017 Water Reactor Fuel Performance Meeting September 10 (Sun) ~ 14 (Thu), 2017 Ramada Plaza Jeju Jeju Island, Korea
WELD DEVELOPMENT OF FE-CR-AL THIN-WALL CLADDING FOR LWR ACCIDENT TOLERANT FUEL Jian Gan 1, Nathan Jerred 1,2, Emmanuel Perez 1, DC Haggard 2, Haiming Wen 1,3 1 Idaho National Laboratory: 1625 PO Box, Idaho
More informationStainless Steel. Patrick Ho, P.Eng, Senior Engineer, Applied Materials
Stainless Steel Patrick Ho, P.Eng, Senior Engineer, Applied Materials March 27, 2018 Outline 1. What is Stainless Steel? 2. Principles 3. Types and Grades 4. Challenges What is Stainless Steel? What is
More informationSTRUCTURE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF Fe-9Cr-W ALLOYS WITH VARIABLE CARBON AND TUNGSTEN CONTENT. Jiří RAPOUCH, Jaroslav BYSTRIANSKÝ
STRUCTURE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF Fe-9Cr-W ALLOYS WITH VARIABLE CARBON AND TUNGSTEN CONTENT Jiří RAPOUCH, Jaroslav BYSTRIANSKÝ Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Institute of Chemical
More informationATI 601 ATI 601. Technical Data Sheet. Nickel-base Alloy INTRODUCTION PRODUCT FORMS SPECIFICATIONS & CERTIFICATES (UNS N06601)
Nickel-base Alloy (UNS N06601) INTRODUCTION alloy (UNS Designation N06601) is an austenitic nickel-chromium-iron alloy designed for both heat and corrosion resistance. As compared to ATI 600 alloy (UNS
More informationThe Silumin Coat Structure on Alloy Ductile Iron
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 13 Issue 1/2013 119 124 23/1
More informationChulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Abstract
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. Vol.16 No.2 pp.25-31, 2006 The Effect of Long-Term Thermal Exposure at Elevated Temperatures on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties in Centrifugally Casted
More informationInfluence of Alloy Microstructure on Oxide Growth in HCM12A in Supercritical Water
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1125 2009 Materials Research Society 1125-R06-05 Influence of Alloy Microstructure on Oxide Growth in HCM12A in Supercritical Water Jeremy Bischoff 1, Arthur T. Motta
More informationfamily of stainless steels can be divided into five (5) categories:
Welcome to the fifth issue of Tech Talk. This newsletter covers a range of topics on various welding products, applications, metallurgy, techniques, and economics. Previous issues are archived at www.unibraze.com.
More informationThe Many Facets and Complexities of 316L and the Effect on Properties
The Many Facets and Complexities of 316L and the Effect on Properties Ingrid Hauer Miller Höganäs AB, Höganäs, Sweden state and country Ingrid.hauer@hoganas.com, +46702066244 Abstract One of the most widely
More information5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering (ICADME 2015)
5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering (ICADME 2015) High temperature corrosion behavior of superalloy GH984G in synthetic flue gases environments G.M. LIU 1 & S.P.
More informationINFLUENCE OF AUSTEMPERING TIME ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF HEAT AFFECTED ZONE IN WELDING OF UPPER BAINITIC UNALLOYED AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON
INFLUENCE OF AUSTEMPERING TIME ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF HEAT AFFECTED ZONE IN WELDING OF UPPER BAINITIC UNALLOYED AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON Dr. Ing. Cem AKÇA, Assoc.Prof.Dr.Ing. Ahmet KARAASLAN Yildiz Technical
More informationChapter 7. Stainless Steels. /MS371/ Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys
Chapter 7 Stainless Steels Stainless steels at least % Cr in iron is required (max 30% Cr) Cr: to make iron surface by forming a surface oxide film protecting the underlying metal from corrosion Ni: to
More informationLaser and hybrid laser welding of thick stainless steels
This document is downloaded from the Digital Open Access Repository of VTT Title Laser and hybrid laser welding of thick stainless steels Author(s) Kujanpää, Veli Citation VTT-Korea Symposium, 2 July 2015,
More informationFailure Analysis for the Economizer Tube of the Waste Heat Boiler
China Steel Technical Report, No. 22, pp. 53 58, (2009) Tsung-Feng Wu 53 Failure Analysis for the Economizer Tube of the Waste Heat Boiler TSUNG-FENG WU New Materials Research and Development Department
More informationCharacterization of Coatings on Grey Cast Iron Fabricated by Hot-dipping in Pure Al, AlSi11 and AlTi5 Alloys
A R C H I V E S o f F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 14 Issue 1/2014 85 90 20/1 Characterization
More informationEffect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural Characteristics of 15-5 Ph Steel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 9, Issue 1 (November 2013), PP. 22-26 Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural
More informationALUMILOK TM COATINGS: ENHANCED HIGH TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE FOR COMMERCIAL STEELS
404 Enterprise Drive Lewis Center, OH 43035 (614) 842-6606 www.nexceris.com ALUMILOK TM COATINGS: ENHANCED HIGH TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE FOR COMMERCIAL STEELS Neil J. Kidner, PhD. Senior Research Engineer
More informationCorrosion of Nickel Chromium Alloys in Molten Sodium Sulfate Salt at 900 C
Corrosion of Nickel Chromium Alloys in Molten Sodium Sulfate Salt at 900 C Zack Gentry, Andrew Sakamoto, Matthew Corey, Norton Thongchua and Kishan Patel Faculty Advisor: Dr. Vilupanur Ravi Abstract Chromium
More informationCORROSION RESISTANCE OF WHITE CAST IRONS IN CAUSTIC SOLUTIONS
Abstract CORROSION RESISTANCE OF WHITE CAST IRONS IN CAUSTIC SOLUTIONS McLeod, A.J. 1, Clegg, R.E. 1 * and Coleman, C 2 1 CAST Cooperative Research Centre, Process Engineering and Light Metals Centre,
More informationDiffusion Layer Growth Mechanism in ASPN Method Using an Iron Cage for St52 Steel
Proceedings of the nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'6) Budapest, Hungary August 3, 6 Paper No. MMME 6 DOI:.59/mmme6.6 Diffusion Layer Growth Mechanism in ASPN Method
More informationEffect of Pulse Parameters on Bead Geometry of Aluminium Alloy AA6063 using Pulse TIG Welding
Effect of Pulse Parameters on Bead Geometry of Aluminium Alloy AA6063 using Pulse TIG Welding Digraj 1, Kulwant Singh 2, Sumit Kumar 3 1, 2, 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SLIET Longowal, Punjab,
More informationADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES
ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN: 1995-0772 Published BYAENSI Publication EISSN: 1998-1090 http://www.aensiweb.com/anas 2017 April 11(4): pages 551-556 Open Access Journal Study And Analysis
More informationAnalysis of Stainless Steel by Dual View Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry
Prodigy ICP Application Note: # 1046 Analysis of Stainless Steel by Dual View Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry Introduction Stainless steels are a corrosion resistant family of iron alloys that
More informationRepair of Structural Steel Surface Groove by Using Flame Welding Method by Spraying Pure Iron Powder
A R C H I V E S of F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (897-330) Volume 6 Issue 3/206 67 7 34/3 Repair
More informationA Study of Additive Diffusion in Ferrous Powder Metal Compacts Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
A Study of Additive Diffusion in Ferrous Powder Metal Compacts Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Brian A. Sparber, Steven R. Spurgeon, and Mitra L. Taheri Department
More informationCORROSION BEHAVIOR OF AUSTENITIC AND FERRITIC STEELS IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF AUSTENITIC AND FERRITIC STEELS IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER XIN LUO *, RUI TANG, CHONGSHENG LONG, ZHI MIAO, QIAN PENG and CONG LI 2 National Key Laboratory for Nuclear Fuel and Materials,
More informationATI 18CrCb. ATI 18CrCb. Technical Data Sheet. Stainless Steel: Ferritic GENERAL PROPERTIES STRUCTURE TYPICAL COMPOSITION (UNS S44100)
ATI 18CrCb Stainless Steel: Ferritic (UNS S44100) GENERAL PROPERTIES ATI's AL 18CrCb stainless steel is a heat-resisting ferritic grade providing good oxidation and corrosion resistance for applications
More informationInfluence of Spraying Conditions on Properties of Zr-Based Metallic Glass Coating by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying
Influence of Spraying Conditions on Properties of Zr-Based Metallic Glass by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying KOBAYASHI Akira *, KURODA Toshio *, KIMURA Hisamichi ** and INOUE Akihisa ** Abstract Metallic
More informationSULFIDATION. From Rolled Alloys Report Number 94-72
SULFIDATION Environments containing sulfur may rapidly attack high nickel alloys. The problem is more severe under reducing, or low oxygen, environments. The higher the nickel the more sensitive the alloy
More informationCladding Solutions for the Waste to Energy Industry
Tailor-Made Protectivity Cladding Solutions for the Waste to Energy Industry voestalpine Böhler Welding www.voestalpine.com/welding Tailor-Made Protectivity for Waste Incineration Cladding Applications
More informationLocalized Corrosion of a 7075 Aluminum Alloy Exposed to KCl
Localized Corrosion of a 7075 Aluminum Alloy Exposed to KCl Christopher F. Mallinson Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences The Surface Analysis Laboratory Monday, 20 April 2015 1 Outline Introduction
More informationEffect of Rare Earth Oxide Additions on Oxidation Behavior of AISI 304L Stainless Steel
Materials Research, Vol. 9, No. 4, 75-79, 006 006 Effect of Rare Earth Oxide Additions on Oxidation Behavior of AISI 04L Stainless Steel Marina Fuser Pillis*, Edval Gonçalves de Araújo, Lalgudi Venkataraman
More informationProtective Nitrided Layers on Ferrite-Austenite Chromium Steel
ISSN 1392 1320 MATERIALS SCIENCE (MEDŽIAGOTYRA). Vol. 11, No. 3. 2005 Protective Nitrided Layers on Ferrite-Austenite Chromium Steel Jaroslaw BIELAWSKI, Jolanta BARANOWSKA, Kazimierz SZCZECIŃSKI Institute
More informationOxidation Reactions. This oxide will from only if thermodynamics favour a reaction of the form: M + O 2 = MO 2. Which must form rapidly (favourable(
Oxidation of s Oxidation is a general term used to define the reaction between a metal or alloy and its environment. s or alloys are oxidised when heated to elevated temperatures es in air or highly oxidised
More informationProduct Data Sheet Martensitic Matrix Hardfacing Alloy with Fine Scale, Extremely Hard Molybdenum Borides and Vanadium Carbides
Product Data Sheet Martensitic Matrix Hardfacing Alloy with Fine Scale, Extremely Hard Molybdenum Borides and Vanadium Carbides Powder Products: Metco 1030A, Metco 1030B Wire Products: Metco 8224 US patent
More informationFATIGUE OF DUPLEX STEELS IN CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT
5th International DAAAM Baltic Conference "INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING ADDING INNOVATION CAPACITY OF LABOUR FORCE AND ENTREPRENEURS" 20 22 April 2006, Tallinn, Estonia FATIGUE OF DUPLEX STEELS IN CORROSIVE
More informationGTAW Wires for Stainless Steel
GTAW Wires for Stainless Steel Products Classification Typical chemical composition (wt %) AWS JIS EN C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo others KTS-307Si W 18 8 Mn 0.06 6.20 0.41 19.30 8.10 KTS-307HM W 18 8 Mn 0.06 6.20
More informationO 4. coating on the oxidation behavior of Fe-20Cr ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnects
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS The influence of Titanium alloying and Co 3 O 4 coating on the oxidation behavior of Fe-20Cr ferritic stainless steels for SOFC
More informationThe Need For Protecting The Weld And Rationale
The Need For Protecting The Weld And Rationale This chapter presents the need of protecting the weld and rationale behind variations in cleanliness of the weld developed by different welding processes.
More informationStainless Steelmaking
16 Stainless Steelmaking Topics to discuss... Introduction Thermodynamics of decarburization of chromium melt Technology of stainless steel making Introduction Stainless steels contain typically 10-30
More informationTHE MICROSTRUCTURES AND HARDNESS ANALYSIS OF A NEW HYPOEUTECTOID STEELS WITH 0.3 % MO. Edyta ROŻNIATA
THE MICROSTRUCTURES AND HARDNESS ANALYSIS OF A NEW HYPOEUTECTOID STEELS WITH 0.3 MO Edyta ROŻNIATA AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
More information/ / / AISI AISI. : -*
/ / / AISI 321 2 1*... 1050 C AISI 347 AISI 321......... :. - -1. -2 Sh_soltani84@yahoo.com : -* AISI...[21-19]. -.. : ( m/q) 2 = K t + C (1) C K.[20] m/q.. -....[21 20]. 321.[22] 347 321..[1]...[2 1]..[5-3].[6].[7]
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF METALS
INTRODUCTION TO THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF METALS A straightfoward treatment describing the oxidation processes of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures. This new edition retains the fundamental
More informationFINAL REPORT. Aluminide Coatings for Power-Generation Applications. Contract Number
FINAL REPORT Aluminide Coatings for Power-Generation Applications Contract Number 4000007035 Submitted by: Ying Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering TTU Box 5014 115 W 10th Street Tennessee Technological
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF NI-BASED SUPERALLOY BY PACK CEMENTATION PROCESS Mustafa Nash at Jawhar *1 and Israa Abdul-Kadir Aziz 2 *1 M.Sc Research scholar, Production Engineering & Metallurgy Department, university
More informationThe effect of immersion time to low carbon steel hardness and microstructure with hot dip galvanizing coating method
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS The effect of immersion time to low carbon steel hardness and microstructure with hot dip galvanizing coating method To cite this
More informationLaser Surface Melting Want to melt the surface locally Melt & rapid solidification get fine homogeneous structures (recrystallize) Little thermal
Laser Surface Melting Want to melt the surface locally Melt & rapid solidification get fine homogeneous structures (recrystallize) Little thermal penetration thus small thermal distortion for sensitive
More informationMicrostructure Study of Diffusion Bonding of Centrifuged Structural Steel-Bronze
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0034 Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (2299-2944) Volume 16 Issue 2/2016 99 104 Microstructure
More informationThermal ageing of nickel-base Alloy 690 TT
SAFIR2018 - The Finnish Research Programme on Nuclear Power Plant Safety 2015-2018 RG5 Structural Integrity: THELMA (Thermal Ageing of Materials) one topic in the project: Thermal ageing of nickel-base
More informationHigh Temperature Corrosion in Gasifiers
Vol. Materials 7, No. Research, 1, 2004Vol. 7, No. 1, 53-59, 2004. High Temperature Corrosion in Gasifiers 2004 53 High Temperature Corrosion in Gasifiers Wate Bakker* EPRI 3412 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto,
More informationArcos Has You Covered
Arcos is the company with the reputation and experience you can rely on for a comprehensive line of superior quality bare and covered electrodes for high nickel alloys. Our wide selection of high nickel
More informationCombinations of alloys and environments subject to dealloying and elements preferentially removed
;~ page 8-1 SELECTIVE LEACHING ("Dealloying", "Parting") Corrosion in which one constituent of an alloy is preferentially removed, leaving behind an altered (weakened) residual structure. Can occur in
More informationHIGH TEMPERATURE SULFIDATION BEHAVIOR OF LOW Al IRON-ALUMINUM COMPOSITIONS
Pergamon Scripta Materialia, Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 1763 1767, 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd Copyright 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved. 1359-6462/98 $19.00.00 PII S1359-6462(98)00108-0
More informationLaser Machining Processes Laser heat processing divided into 3 regions Heating Melting Vaporization
Laser Machining Processes Laser heat processing divided into 3 regions Heating Melting Vaporization Laser Surface Treatment Annealing or Transformation Hardening Surface hardness Surface Melting Homogenization,
More informationASTM Standards B127 B160 B161 B162 B163 B164 B165 B166 B167 B168 B333 B335 B407 B408 B409 B423
ASTM Standards : B127 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Plate, Sheet, B160 Specification for Nickel Rod and Bar B161 Specification for Nickel Seamless Pipe and Tube B162 Specification
More informationHigh temperature corrosion under conditions simulating biomass firing: depthresolved phase identification
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017 High temperature corrosion under conditions simulating biomass firing: depthresolved phase identification Okoro, Sunday Chukwudi; Montgomery, Melanie; Jappe
More informationEFFECT OF ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION ON THE DISSOLUTION OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL IN MOLTEN ZINC
EFFECT OF ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION ON THE DISSOLUTION OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL IN MOLTEN ZINC Mark A. Bright 1, Ever Barbero 2 1 Pyrotek Incorporated, Metaullics Systems Division 31935 Aurora Road, Solon,
More informationRESISTANCE HEATING ALLOYS AND SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL FURNACES PRODUCT OVERVIEW
RESISTANCE HEATING ALLOYS AND SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL FURNACES PRODUCT OVERVIEW 2 RESISTANCE HEATING ALLOYS AND SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL FURNACES CONTENT METALLIC HEATING ELEMENTS FROM SANDVIK 4 KANTHAL OR
More informationHigh Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Low Carbon Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, Vol.20 No.3 pp.31-36, 2010 High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Low Carbon Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel Jadesada RUJISOMNAPA, Patharaporn SEECHOMPOO,
More informationC Limited Metallurgical Examination
Jonathan Barnett Ronald R. Biederman R. D. Sisson, Jr. C Limited Metallurgical Examination C.1 Introduction Two structural steel members with unusual erosion patterns were observed in the WTC debris field.
More informationMicrostructural Characterization of Reaction Products on Iron Based Alloys Exposed to H 2
Vol. Materials 5, No. Research, 3, 2002Vol. 5, No. Microstructural 3, 349-355, 2002. Characterization of Reaction Products on Iron Based Alloys Exposed to H 2 S Atmospheres at High Temperatures 2002 349
More informationDecreased furnace wall corrosion in fluidised bed boilers
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING Decreased furnace wall corrosion in fluidised bed boilers The influence of fuel lead content and sewage sludge additive Annika Talus Department of Chemistry
More informationHot Tensile Testing of Dissimilar Welding of SA213TP-347H with SA213 T23
Hot Tensile Testing of Dissimilar Welding of SA213TP-347H with SA213 T23 O. K. Thirugnanasambandam 1, Dr. T. Senthil Kumar 2 1 PG Student, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Trichy, India
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF THE DISSIMILAR WELDING - AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL WITH FILLER METAL OF THE NICKEL ALLOY
2007 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2007 Santos, SP, Brazil, September 30 to October 5, 2007 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-02-1 CHARACTERIZATION OF
More informationCharacterization of a newly developed martensitic stainless steel powder for Laser and PTA cladding
DEGREE PROJECT IN ENGINEERING MATERIALS SCIENCE, SECOND LEVEL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2015 Characterization of a newly developed martensitic stainless steel powder for Laser and PTA cladding FRITJOF TIBBLIN
More informationHeat Treatment of Tubes for Condenser, Feedwater Heater, and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers
Heat Treatment of Tubes for Condenser, Feedwater Heater, and Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers 1. SCOPE 1.1 The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the different types of heat treatment processes
More information409 Ni STAINLESS STEEL
409 Ni STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N Superior Corrosion Resistance to Mild and Low-Alloy Steels Cost Effective Alternative to Austenitic Stainless AK Steel 409 Ni Stainless Steel
More informationA REVIEW OF EXPERIENCES WITH AL-6XN AND ZERON 100 IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT. *Devin M. Wachowiak and Jason D. Wilson
A REVIEW OF EXPERIENCES WITH AL-6XN AND ZERON 100 IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT *Devin M. Wachowiak and Jason D. Wilson Rolled Alloys 125 West Sterns Road Temperance, MI 48182 USA (*Corresponding
More informationA Comparison of Corrosion Behavior of a Super Duplex Stainless Steel and an Austenitic Stainless Steel in a Molten Sn 3.0Ag 0.5Cu Lead-Free Solder
Materials Transactions, Vol. 53, No. 6 (2012) pp. 1148 to 1153 2012 The Japan Institute of Metals A Comparison of Corrosion Behavior of a Super Duplex Stainless Steel and an Austenitic Stainless Steel
More information