NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL SEAMLESS CASING & TUBING

Transcription

1 Pipe Products NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL SEAMLESS CASING & TUBING Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo -87 Japan Tel: SEAMLESS CASING & TUBING P3en_3_27f 22,27 NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATION

2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 2 FACILITIES AND LOCATIONS 3 MANUFACTURING SITES 4 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SEAMLESS STEEL TUBES AND PIPES 6 MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINES 8 AVAILABLE GRADES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 2 SM-SERIES GRADE DESCRIPTION 2. CASING AND TUBING FOR GENERAL AND DEEP 3 2. CASING AND TUBING FOR SOUR OIL AND GAS SERVICE 3. HIGH COLLAPSE CASING FOR DEEP 6 4. CASING AND TUBING FOR ARCTIC SERVICE 7 NEW SM-SERIES 7. 3CR, SUPER 3CR, SUPER 7CR AND DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL H 2 S + CO 2 + Cl - CORROSION (Ni BASE ALLOYS) GUIDELINES CONCERNING BRINES ACCEPTABILITY FOR 3CR, 7CRS, 3CRS, 3CRM DUPLEX STAINLESS AND CRA STEEL MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES COST COMPARISON WITH 3 CHROME 27 FEATURES OF PREMIUM CONNECTIONS 29 MATERIAL AND CONNECTION DESIGN 3 API AND NSSMC PROPRIETRY STEEL GRADES COLOR CODE CHART 32 INQUIRY AND/OR ORDER DETAIL For more than five decades, NSSMC has been serving the needs of the oil and gas industries. All the supply records for most of the severe drilling environments indicate that NSSMC is the leader in tubular technologies. Field development where it was impossible to drill yesterday becomes a reality with NSSMC tubular products today. Customer satisfaction and reliability are the key words for our product development. Our product line covers almost all applications from carbon steel to Ni based alloy steel with conventional API connections or advanced sealing mechanisms such as VAM premium connections. NSSMC has the widest material grades for Casing & Tubing. And as a result of continuous R&D efforts, you can find more fit for purpose products in this brochure. Principles of NSSMC SEAMLESS CASING & TUBING Quality Quality is the most fundamental element of our Casing & Tubing business. We understand that quality leads to product reliability, which in turn leads to customer trust and that in the end, quality is the basis of our reputation. We will continue to be dedicated to maintaining and improving our quality standard. Technology The more severe the drilling conditions, the greater our customers needs for cutting edge products. We understand that customers rely on the quality of our products when they drill in harsh conditions, and we are proud of our No. technical position. We will continue to work through our R&D activities to develop high-end products for the future. Notice: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained within this publication, the use of the information is at the reader s risk and no warranty is implied or expressed by Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation with respect to the use of the information contained herein. The information in this publication is subject to change or modification without notice. Please contact the Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation office for the latest information. Please refrain from unauthorized reproduction or copying of the contents of this publication. The names of our products and services shown in this publication are trademarks or registered trademarks of Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, affiliated companies, or third parties granting rights to Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation or affiliated companies. Other product or service names shown may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Customer Satisfaction Our goal is to be more than just a superior product supplier. We intend to also be a superior solutions provider for our tubular products customers. We place importance not just on managing material sales, but also on before and after service. Customer satisfaction drives our constant and growing commitment to the oil and gas industries.

3 FACILITIES AND LOCATIONS MANUFACTURING SITES NSSMC has almost all kinds of steel pipe manufacturing facilities which produce a wide range of seamless and welded steel pipe and tubes. The main facilities are composed of our Amagasaki Steel Tube Works and Wakayama Steel Works. These works are able to produce approximately three million metric tons of steel pipe and tubes annually. The company also possesses facilities in affi liated companies in. NSSMC facilities and locations are tabulated below together with their available size ranges (O.D.). Amagasaki Steel Tube Works The Steel Tube Works was established in 99 as the first integrated mill in Japan for the production of high quality seamless steel tubes and pipe. Since then, the Works has specialized in high quality steel tubes and pipes. NSSMC is committed to ongoing research to improve manufacturing methods and to upgrade quality. Location of Casing and Tubing Mills Steel Research Laboratories (Amagasaki) Amagasaki Works Oita Works (Hikari) NSSMC Tube Making Equipment and Available Sizes Tube Mills Seamless (Hot Finished) Mannesmann (2 sets) Mannesmann Extrusion Hollow Forging Location of Works Kainan Wakayama Amagasaki Amagasaki Outside Diameter in Inches Wakayama Works (Wakayama) Wakayama Works (Kainan) Head Office Steel Research Laboratories (Futtsu) Nagoya Works /8 7 5 /2 6 3 /4 2 3 /8 9 5 / Wakayama Steel Works Wakayama Steel Works is the integrated supply center for seamless pipes. The steel billets are produced by a blast furnace, converter, continuous-casting machine. Then, three seamless pipe mills roll the billets into seamless pipes. Above all, the medium-size seamless mill is the most advanced in the world that is directly connected to a round CCM, combined with a cone-type piercer with high cross angle, a mandrel mill and an in-line heat treatment furnace. Wakayama Plant Cold Finished Cold Drawn Amagasaki 2 3 /8 2 ERW (Hot Finished) ERW ERW Hikari Nagoya 4 / Kainan Plant 2 3

4 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SEAMLESS STEEL TUBES AND PIPES CARBON & ALLOYED STEEL MAKING PROCESS Continuous Casting Machine Blast Furnace Desulphurization Dephosphorization Decarburization Round Billet Medium size Seamless Plant TUBE AND PIPE MAKING PROCESS RH-PB Cone-type Piercer Mandrel Mill Sizing Mill Bloom Mannesmann Process STANLESS STEEL & Ni BASE ALLOYS MAKING PROCESS Ingot Small size Seamless Plant Hot Finished Seamless Steel Pipe Cone-type Piercer Mandrel Mill Stretch Reducing Mill Dephosphorization AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) Bloom Extrusion Process O2 Extrusion Process Vacuum Vertical Expanding Press,2t Horizontal Extrusion Press 4,t Hot Finished Seamless Steel Tube and Pipe Hollow Forging Process Electric Arc Furnace VOD Ladle VOD (Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization) Continuous Casting Machine Forging Process Vertical Piercing Press 3,t Horizontal Push Bench,5t / 6t Hot Finished Seamless Steel Pipe Blooming Mill Bar Mill Billet Cold Drawing Bench Cold Finished Seamless Steel Tube and Pipe 4 5

5 MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINES Casing & Tubing are basically selected according to PCO2, PH2S and temperature of the environment C steel & Low Alloy steel (MPa) Partial Pressure of CO2 (bar) 2 SM25CR 2 SM3CR-8,85 3 SM7CRS SM235-, 25 SM3CRM-95, SM3CRS SM25CRW -,25 SM2535-, 25 -, 25 SM255-, 25 SM3CRI-8-95, -25 SM2242-, 25 SM22CR , API J55 N8Q P (Q25-) SM-25S SM-ES SM-25ES API L8- C9 T95- C SM-8XS SM-9XS SM-95XS SM-XS - -2 Partial Pressure of CO2 (psi) Partial Pressure of H2S 232 (45F) (bar) (MPa) (psi) (kpa) TEMP > 2(kPa) H2S > (kpa) TEMP H2S CO2 (kpa) TEMP TEMP 2(kPa) TEMP Note : API Sour Service materials* can be applicable for any H2S and any temperature only when performances of those grades are verified. * : per NACE MR75/ISO6, - Low grades: H4, J55 & K55 or any low alloy steels with HRC<22 and Ni content < % - Medium grades: L8- - High grades: C9- & T95- Note Critical temperature of 22CR=2 6 7

6 AVAILABLE GRADES Min. Yield Strength (psi) API SPEC 5CT SM SERIES / NT SERIES NEW SM SERIES SEAMLESS & ERW SEAMLESS & ERW SEAMLESS GROUP GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GENERAL & DEEP WELL SERVICE HIGH COLLAPSE General Arctic Service ARCTIC SERVICE SOUR SERVICE SOUR SERVICE + COLLAPSE Wet CO 2 Mild Sour Enhanced Mild Sour Extreme Sour Enhanced Mild Sour Extreme Sour CORROSION Wet CO 2- MILD SOUR CORROSION Wet CO 2-SOUR CORROSION 4, H4 55, J55 K55 NT-55HE 65, M65 8, N8Q L8- L8-3CR NT-8DE SM-8T NT-8HE NT-8LHE SM-8L SM-8LL SM-8XS SM-8TXS SM3CR-8 SM3CRI-8 85, SM3CR-85 9, C9- SM-9XS SM-9TXS 95, R95 T95- SM-95T SM-95TT NT-95HE SM-95L SM-95LL SM-95XS SM-95TXS SM3CR-95 SM3CRM-95 SM3CRS-95,, C P SM-T SM-TT NT-HE SM-L SM-LL SM-ES SM-XS SM-TES SM-TXS SM3CRM- SM3CRS- SM7CRS- SM22CR- SM25CR- SM2535- SM2242- SM235- SM255- SM25- SMC276-25, Q25- SM-25TT SM-25S SM-25ES SM-25TES SM7CRS-25 SM22CR-25 SM25CR-25 SM25CRW-25 3, SM-3G SM-3CY 4, SM-4G Available grade: Black Seamless & ERW Blue Seamless Red ERW (Refer to ERW catalogue for detail information) SM SM SM SM SM25-25 SMC SMC

7 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SPECIFICATION APPLICATION GRADE CHANICAL PROPERTIES REMARKS API 5CT GROUP H4 J55 K55 N8Q R95 GROUP 2 M65 L8- L8-3CR C9- T95- C SM SERIES NEW SM SERIES Yield Strength Tensile Strength ELONGATION (%) HARDNESS HRC min ksi (MPa) max ksi (MPa) min ksi (MPa) 4 (276) 55 (379) 55 (379) 8 (552) 65 (448) 8 (552) 8 (552) 9 (62) 8 ( 552) 8 ( 552) 8 ( 552) ( 758) ( 758) 85 ( 586) 95 ( 655) 95 ( 655) 5 ( 724) ( 758) 2 ( 828) 6 ( 44) 75 ( 57) 95 ( 655) ( 689) 5 ( 724) 85 ( 586) 95 ( 655) 95 ( 655) ( 689) 5 ( 724) ( 793) HRC 22 HRC 23 HRC 23 HRC 25.4 HRC 25.4 HRC 3 GROUP 3 P 25 ( 862) GROUP 4 Q25- (34) 35 ( 93) 3 ~ 5 G GENERAL & DEEP T, TT HIGH COLLAPSE S MILD SOUR ES ENHANCED MILD SOUR XS EXTREME SOUR TES ENHANCED MILD SOUR +HIGH COLLAPSE TXS EXTREME SOUR +HIGH COLLAPSE L, LL ARCTIC SERVICE Wet CO2 CORROSION Wet CO2 -MILD SOUR CORROSION Wet CO2 -SOUR CORROSION SM-3G SM-4G SM-3CY SM-8T SM-95T SM-T SM-95TT SM-TT SM-25TT 3 (896) 4 (965) 3 (896) 8 (552) 6 (3) 7 (72) ( 758) 25 ( 862) 25 ( 862) 5 (69) 35 ( 93) (34) 35 ( 93) ( 689) ( 758) 25 ( 862) ( 758) 25 ( 862) 35 ( 93) 3 ~ 6 3 ~ 6 3 ~ 6 3 ~ 5 SM-25S 3 ( 896) HRC 36 SM-ES SM-25ES SM-8XS SM-9XS SM-95XS SM-XS SM-TES SM-25TES SM-8TXS SM-9TXS SM-95TXS SM-TXS SM-8L SM-95L SM-L SM-8LL SM-95LL SM-LL SM3CR-8 SM3CR-85 SM3CR-95 SM3CRI-8 SM3CRM-95 SM3CRM- SM3CRS-95 SM3CRS- SM7CRS- SM7CRS-25 SM22CR- SM22CR-25 SM25CR- SM25CR-25 SM25CRW-25 SM2535- SM SM SM2242- SM235- SM SM255- SM SM25- SM25-25 SMC276- SMC SMC (552) 9 (62) 8 (552) 9 (62) 8 (552) 8 (552) 8 (552) 85 (586) 8 (552) 4 (965) 4 (965) 25 ( 862) 95 ( 655) 5 ( 724) ( 758) 2 ( 828) 25 ( 862) 95 ( 655) 5 ( 724) ( 758) 2 ( 828) ( 758) 25 ( 862) ( 758) 25 ( 862) 95 ( 655) ( 689) ( 758) 95 ( 655) ( 758) 25 ( 862) ( 758) 25 ( 862) 35 ( 93) 45 () 45 () 45 () 45 () 45 () 65 (38) 45 () 45 () 45 () 6 (3) ( 793) 3 ( 896) 95 ( 655) ( 689) 5 ( 724) ( 793) ( 793) 3 ( 896) 95 ( 655) ( 689) 5 ( 724) ( 793) ( 689) 5 ( 724) 25 ( 862) ( 689) 5 ( 724) 25 ( 862) 95 ( 655) ( 689) 5 ( 724) 95 ( 655) 5 ( 724) ( 758) 5 ( 724) ( 758) 2 ( 828) 3 ( 896) 25 ( 862) 3 ( 896) 25 ( 862) 3 ( 896) 3 ( 896) ( 793) 3 ( 896) 45 () ( 793) ( 793) 3 ( 896) 2 ( 828) 3 ( 896) 2 ( 828) 3 ( 896) ( 793) 3 ( 896) 45 () HRC 3 HRC 36 HRC 22 HRC 25.4 HRC 25.4 HRC 3 HRC 3 HRC 36 HRC 22 HRC 25.4 HRC 25.4 HRC 3 HRC 23 HRC 24 HRC 27 HRC 25 HRC 28 HRC 32 HRC 28 HRC 32 HRC 36 HRC 38 HRC 36 HRC 37 HRC 36 HRC 37 HRC 37 HRC 32 HRC 34 HRC 4 HRC 32 HRC 32 HRC 33 HRC 33 HRC 36 HRC 34 HRC 36 HRC 38 HRC 38 HRC 4 <Collapse test> Refer to Material Data Sheet on web site. <Corrosion Test> Refer to the table on page 3. Refer to Material Data Sheet on web site. <Corrosion Test> Refer to the table on page 3. <Collapse test>

8 SM-SERIES GRADE DESCRIPTION. CASING AND TUBING FOR GENERAL AND DEEP SM-G meant for general and deep well service are remarkable for their high yield and tensile strengths while maintaining good ductility and fracture toughness. SM-3G and SM-4G offer additional tensile and yield strengths for deep well services. Grade Yield Strength Tensile Strength min psi (MPa) max psi (MPa) min psi (MPa) SM-3G 3, ( 896) 6, (3) 35, ( 93) SM-4G 4, ( 965) 7, (72), (34) Elongation min % API Formula Impact Properties min Ave Value At 32 F ( C) Ft-lb (J) 2 (27) (Specimen: by mm) 2. CASING AND TUBING FOR SOUR OIL AND GAS SERVICE In order to prevent possible sulfide stress corrosion cracking in sour gas and oil wells containing H2S, it is necessary to use specially manufactured tubing and casing. API 5CT Group 2 grade tubing and casing have been developed and used widely for this purpose. However these may not be adequate in high concentration of H2S. To address this, NSSMC, after years of research and development, has succeeded in developing improved materials with higher strength and higher corrosion resistance for casing and tubing. These are available in our SM-XS for extreme sour service, SM-ES for Enhanced mild sour service series as shown below. NSSMC does not recommend SM sour series ksi and higher grade for tubing applications. Each of these grades is produced with rigid manufacturing controls covering chemical composition, heat treatment (quenching and tempering), tensile property, hardness and microstructure. CHARACTERISTICS. Tensile Strength The resistance to collapse and the longitudinal high strength requirements of well casing is becoming increasingly important with the drilling of deeper and deeper wells. SM3G and SM- 4G offer the high strength properties. 2. Mechanical Properties Mechanical properties of SM-G series are shown in above Table. SM3G and SM4G offer the required high strength properties. Application of High Strength Grades for Deep Sour Gas & Oil Wells The smallest amount of H2S contamination should always be taken into consideration when looking at high strength material applications. Fig shows the applicability of high strength steels for sour service integrating the following variables: H2S concentration, applied stress level and temperature. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking susceptibility increases with material strength and grades such as SM4G should never be used if H2S is present. 5 4 Yield Strength (ksi) No SSC SSC R.D. Kane et., al. No SSC SSC Yield Strength (MPa) Type Grade Mechanical Characteristics Yield Strength min ksi (MPa) max ksi (MPa) Tensile Strength min ksi (MPa) SSC test HRC NACE TM77 Methode-A DCB max. H2S (bar) Solution Applied stress Average.KSSC C9 9 (62) 5 (724) (689) 25.4 A 8%SMYS API T95 5 (724) 25.4 A 8%SMYS C 2 (828) (793) 3. A 85%SMYS SM-8XS 8 (552) 22. A 9%SMYS Extreme SM-9XS 9 (62) 5 (724) (689) 25.4 A 9%SMYS Sour SM-95XS 5 (724) 25.4 A 9%SMYS SM-XS 2 (828) (793) 3. A 85%SMYS SM-8XSD 8 (552) 22. A 9%SMYS 3ksi in Extreme SM-9XSD 9 (62) 5 (724) (689) 25.4 A 9%SMYS 3ksi in Sour +DCB SM-95XSD 5 (724) 25.4 A 9%SMYS 3ksi in SM-XSD 2 (828) (793) 3. A 85%SMYS 24ksi in SM-8TXS 8 (552) 22. A 9%SMYS Extreme SM-9TXS 9 (62) 5 (724) (689) 25.4 A 9%SMYS Sour +Collapse SM-95TXS 5 (724) 25.4 A 9%SMYS SM-TXS 2 (828) (793) 3. A 85%SMYS SM-8TXSD 8 (552) 22. A 9%SMYS 3ksi in Extreme SM-9TXSD 9 (62) 5 (724) (689) 25.4 A 9%SMYS 3ksi in Sour +DCB +Collapse SM-95TXSD 5 (724) 25.4 A 9%SMYS 3ksi in SM-TXSD 2 (828) (793) 3. A 85%SMYS 24ksi in Mild Sour SM-25S 4 (965) 3 (896) B (ph3.5) 85%SMYS Enhanced SM-ES (793) 3.. B (ph3.5) 85%SMYS Mild Sour SM-25ES 4 (965) 3 (896) 36.. B (ph3.5) 85%SMYS Enhanced SM-TES (793) 3.. B (ph3.5) 85%SMYS Mild Sour +Collapse SM-25TES 4 (965) 3 (896) 36.. B (ph3.5) 85%SMYS NSSMC renewed sour service line-up since st October, 22. For detailed information, please check 2 3

9 CHARACTERISTICS 3. HIGH COLLAPSE CASING FOR DEEP. Materials The chemical compositions have been carefully determined to provide resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking as well as to insure complete through wall hardening. 2. Heat Treatment Quenching and tempering are conducted under rigid temperature control to assure homogeneous physical properties and microstructures. New Higher Strength Sour Resistant Grades SM-ES, SM- 25ES, SM-XS, SM-TXS, have been developed. 3. Micro Structure These grades exhibit fully tempered martensite which is considered to be the most desirable for resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking. H2S pressure (bar) No crack [Liquid H2S] [Gas H2S] [Supercritical environment] Critical point SM-XS * * NSSMC High Collapse Casing SM-T grade is a seamless product designed for deep wells where high collapse pressures are anticipated. In order to meet deep well service requirements, SM-T casing has improved collapse properties well in excess of API ratings. These properties are achieved by strict mill control incorporating a unique production technique inclusive of quenching and tempering. SM-T casing shows a very high resistance to tension load, internal pressure, and collapse. SM-TES, TXS, TXSD series are also highly resistant to sulfide stress corrosion cracking and can be used for deep and sour gas and oil service. Grade Yield Strength Tensile Strength min psi (MPa) max psi (MPa) min psi (MPa) Elongation min % SM- 8T 8, (552), ( 758), (689) API Formula SM- 95T 95, (655) 25, ( 862), (758) API Formula SM- 95TT 95, (655) 25, ( 862), (758) API Formula SM-T, (758) 4, ( 965) 25, (862) API Formula SM-TT, (758) 4, ( 965) 25, (862) API Formula SM-25TT 25, (862) 5, (69) 35, (93) API Formula Collapse Resistance Refer website or ask SMI representative 4. Tensile Properties and Hardness Yield strength is limited within a narrow range and hardness is controlled to within the predetermined maximum limit Templature ( ) 5. Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Performance SM sour resistant grades are designed for 85% or 9% SMYS in NACE condition. Excellent SSC resistance has been achieved through rigorous, chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure, tensile properties, hardness and so on. Cracking susceptibility as a function of temperature and H2S pressure (Method: 4 point bend test under applied stress of 9% actual YS, H2S pressure: -bar, test temperature: 24-7 C, test solution: 5%NaCl, test duration: 72h, 26h)*: 26h test As wells are drilled deeper, the external pressures applied to well casings become greater. Thus, a well casing must have adequate collapse strength to withstand these horizontal pressures without deformation. For reasons of economy such casings should also be as light-weight as possible while still retaining ample collapse resistance properties. With this in mind NSSMC has developed its SM-T High Collapse Casing. This casing was developed from experiments in which NSSMC studied the critical collapse pressure of a well casing under external pressure in relation to its longitudinal tensile strength and the geometry of its cross section. 2,, Specified Minimum Collapse Pressure SM-25TT Example of Actual Data : SM-95T : SM-T : SM-25TT CHARACTERISTICS. Unique Production Technique The material for SM-T casing is carefully selected to insure structural homogeneity. Strict control of heat treatment and dimensional tolerances are adhered to throughout the manufacturing process. Collapse pressure (psi), 5, SM-T SM-95T APIC-R95 APIP- 2. Rigid Dimensional Control Dimensional tolerances, such as roundness, straightness, O.D. and wall thickness are strictly controlled. 3. Specified Collapse Value A collapse test is carried out on each production run of SM-T casing with the same frequency as the tensile test. Sustain load type Sulfide stress corrosion cracking test apparatus D/t 4

10 NEW SM-SERIES 4. CASING AND TUBING FOR ARCTIC SERVICE. 3CR, Super 3CR, Super 7CR and Duplex Stainless Steel NSSMC SM-L grades are designed for high impact toughness at subzero temperatures, as this is experienced in arctic regions. These properties are achieved through tight material chemistry control and specific heat treatment. The following Tables show tensile and impact toughness properties. Tensile Properties Yield Strength Grade min psi max psi (MPa) (MPa) SM-8L SM-8LL SM-95L SM-95LL SM-L SM-LL 8, (552) 95, (655), (758), (758) 25, (862) 4, (965) Tensile Strength min psi (MPa), (689) 5, (742) 25, (862) Impact Toughness Properties (Charpy impact value) Grade SM-8L SM-95L SM-L Size of Specimen mm by by 7.5 by 5 by 2.5 Test temperature : 5 F ( 46 C) Grade SM-8LL SM-95LL SM-LL Size of Specimen mm by by 7.5 by 5 Test temperature : 67 F ( 55 C) Min. Average Value of Each Set of Three Specimens ft-lb (J) 2 (27) (2) (4) 5 ( 7) Min. Average Value of Each Set of Three Specimens ft-lb (J) 23. (3) 8.5 (25) 2.7 (7) Elongation min % in 2 inches API Formula Min. Value of One Specimen Only of a Set ft-lb (J) (2) () 8 () 4 ( 5) Min. Value of One Specimen Only of a Set ft-lb (J).4 (2) 2.3 (7) 8.5 (2) CHARACTERISTICS. Material Special steel is used in order to obtain sufficient resistance to low temperature impact. 2. Heat Treatment Both casing and couplings are quenched and tempered with special care. 3. Impact Properties Refer below table.. Chemical composition Grade Chemical composition (wt %) C Si Mn Cu Ni Cr Mo W N SM3CR ~4. SM3CRI ~3. ~2.5 ~.4 SM3CRM ~6. ~4. ~.2 SM3CRS ~6.5 ~3.5 ~3. SM7CRS ~3. ~5.5 ~8. ~3. SM22CR ~6.5 ~23. ~3.5 ~.2 SM25CR ~.8 ~7.5 ~26. ~3.5 ~.5 ~.3 SM25CRW ~.8 ~8. ~26. ~3.5 ~2.5 ~.32.2 CO2 Corrosion Resistance () High Cr steels such as 3Cr stainless steels are resistant to CO2 corrosion and have been used widely, and successfully in wells containing CO2 and CL -. Corrosion rate (mm/y) 5 5 Corrosion rate (mpy) (2) Effect of Cr content and temperature on CO2 corrosion are shown in following Figures. For 3CR & 3CRI critical temperature is C and for 3 CRM & 3CRS that is 8 C. Duplex stainless steels (25Cr) have excellent corrosion resistance up to a temperature of 25 C. Corrosion rate (mm/y) Temperature ( F) C-steel 2Cr 5Cr 9Cr-Mo 3Cr 22Cr/25Cr Corrosion rate (mpy) Cr content (wt.%) 2 3 Effect of Cr content of commercial tubular goods on corrosion rate by loop tester (Synthetic sea water, CO2 partial pressure. MPa (6 C), test temperature 6 C, test duration h, flow velocity 2.5 m/s, specific volume : 8 cc/cm 2 ) Effect of temperature on corrosion rate by autoclave (Synthetic sea water, CO2 partial pressure ; 3. MPa (R.T.), test duration 72h, flow velocity 2.5 m/s, specific volume : 42 cc/cm 2 ) 6 7

11 Corrosion rate (mm/y) Cr-Mo 3Cr (42) SM22Cr-Duplex SM25Cr-Duples C C Cl - (ppm) Corrosion rate (mm/y) (A) 3Cr CO2 (B) 25Cr 3. MPa. MPa ( C) ( F) Corrosion rate (mpy) Corrosion rate (mm/y) Solid : General corrosion Half Solid : Pitting Open : Passive L8-3Cr SM3CRS SM3CRM CO2 = 3.MPa 25wt%NaCl 2 Testing tempe rature ( C) B A Effect of Cl - low concentration on the corrosion rate of Cr steels at C in the autoclave. (3.MPa CO2 at 25 C, test duration 96hr, flow velocity 2.5 m/s) Effect of CO2 partial pressure and temperature on corrosion rate of Cr steel (5% NaCl, CO2 3. and. MPa at 25 C, test duration 96hr, flow velocity 2.5 m/s) Effect of temperature on corrosion rate of conventional 3CR, SM3CRS and SM3CRM in CO2 environment (3.MPa (45psi) CO2,,ppm Cl - ) Corrosion rate (mm/y) Solid mark : Cracked Half Solid : Pitting GC : General Corrosion 3Cr SM3CRS GC 22Cr GC Corrosion rate/mm-year. 3barCO2, 8 C, 336hr : General corrosion : Pitting. 2 NaCl concentration/wt% ph No Crack Crack No Crack region of Super 7Cr No Crack region of Super 3Cr- Further Assessment Required ( ),mg/l Cl - ph No Crack Crack No Crack region of Super 7Cr No Crack region of Super 3Cr- Further Assessment Required ( ) 8,mg/l Cl - Effect of temperature on corrosion resistance of SM3CRS (5%NaCl + 3.MPa (45psi) CO2 +.MPa (.psi) H2S) The reration of pitting occurrence and NaCl concentration (Conventional 3Cr) Effect of ph and Temprature on EAC Susceptibility of Super 7Cr-25 in.mpa H2S+CO2 (Test Method: NACE Method A in.mpa H2S+.99MPa CO2 at RT, 4PB in.mpa H2S +3MPa CO2 at temperature 9 C) 8 9

12 .3 Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSCC) Resistance.4 Erosion Properties () 3CR has a high SSCC susceptibility as shown in below fig; 3CR usage is not advisable for usage in environments containing a small amount of H2S (.3bar). (2) 3CRS has good SSCC resistance in environments containing up to.3bar H2S Cr (Y. S. 62MPa) 25Cr (Y. S. 553MPa) 3Cr (Y. S. 768MPa) 25Cr (Y. S. 822MPa) PH2S (MPa) Temperature ( F) Temperature ( F) (3) Duplex stainless steels (SM22CR, SM25CR, SM25CRW) are recommendable over marternsitic stainless steel (SM3CRS) in a small amount of H2S. Cl - concentration(ppm) Calculated H2S at 8 C (MPa) : Type 36L : SM25CR : SM22CR : SM25CRW SM25CR Solid mark : Crack SM25CRW SM22CR 25Cr Type 36L 22Cr () 3CR, Super 3CR and Duplex stainless steels have superior erosion properties. Effect of Flow velocity (Field test results) Average test conditions in the DFT (Dynamic Field Tester) experiments (Test duration: 3672h) and 2 (Test duration: 4493h) Experiment 2 Internal diameter (mm) Gas flow rate (m 3 /h) Pressure Temperature (psi) (MPa) (F) (K) Gas velocity (m/s) Flow pattern Transition Annular mist Annular mist Annular mist Annular mist Transition Annular mist Annular mist Annular mist Effect of H2S partial pressure and temperature on the SSCC susceptibility. 5% NaCl, 3.MPa CO2 + H2S at 25 C (77 F), test duration 336h, flow velocity 2.5m/s, σy with notch H2S (MPa). 3Cr Cr:2-6% Ni:5-7% 2 C SCC susceptibility of duplex stainless steel in Cl - -H2S environment. : No SCC, : SCC (SSRT method ; 8 C, strain rate 4.2 x 6 /s)(annealed).2. 3Cr (Exp. ) 3Cr (Exp. 2) SM3CRS(Exp. 2) DP (Exp. 2) SM22Cr (Exp. ) SM22Cr (Exp. 2) Corrosion rate (mm/y) C.2.8 SM25CRW SM25CR SM25CRW SM25CR Corrosion rate (mm/y) C L/L Gas velocity VsG (m/s) Effect of flow velocity on corrosion rate of 3Cr, SM3CRS, DP, and SM22Cr steels in the DFT experiments and ( : SSC, : No SSC, : Pitting) 3Cr Mo 2Mo 3Mo SM3CrS Cl - ( 4 ppm) Effect of Mo content on corrosion rate and SSCC. <SM3CRS> ( 5% NaCl + 3.MPa (45psi) CO2 +.MPa (.psi) H2S 4-point bent beam with notch, σy, 336h ( SCC susceptibility of duplex steel in Cl - -H2S environment. : No SCC, : SCC (SSRT method ; 8 C, Calculated H2S.MPa, strain rate 4.2 x -6 /s) 2 2

13 2. H2S+CO2+Cl - CORROSION (Ni BASE ALLOYS) High Alloy Materials become necessary where severe well conditions with high concentrations of H2S, CO2 and CI- brines are encountered. () High Ni corrosion resistant alloys for OCTG feature a single austenitic phase. Strength is developed through cold working. Addition of essential alloying elements such as Cr, Ni, Mo determines the corrosion resistance properties. (2) Resistance to general (weight loss) corrosion and localized (pitting and crevice) corrosion is achieved by the formation of a stable passivation film on the material surface. Grade Chemical Composition (mass %) C Si Mn Cu Ni Cr Mo Ti W Fe SM SM ~3. SM SM SM ~ ~ ~ ~ ~53. SMC Co 2.5 Bal 24. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~4. 4. ~5. 6. ~9.. ~2.. ~7. Bal.2 Bal.2 ~.8 Bal Bal.5 Bal V ~ ~ Mo (%) Without CH3COOH (ph:high) No SCC in months No SCC in months With.5%CH3COOH (ph:low) No SCC in months SCC in 3 months SCC in months SCC in 3 months SCC in months No SCC in months Mo (%) Effect of Mo and temperature on SCC resistance (C ring test, 2% NaCI, MPa H2S + MPa CO2, % YS) Mo (%) Cr ph2. ph.5 SM25 Corrosion resistant region ph alloying element () Corrosion resistance ph 2 ; No SCC and C.R..5 mm/y, (2) Environment, SCC : 2% NaCl +.5% CH3COOH. MPa H2S. MPa CO2 25 C, HE : NACE TM-77 solution, Iron coupling/4 C,h aging) HE Ni (%) Mo (%) Corrosion-resistant region 4 2 Ni (%) 25 C (482 F) TGSCC 2 25 Cr (%) Mo (%) Corrosion-resistant region 4 2 Ni (%) 3 C(572 F) TGSCC Corrosion resistant region of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo alloy (2% NaCl+.5% CH3COOH,. MPa H2S-.MPa CO2-pH 2) 2 25 Cr (%) Mo (%) C(662 F) (3) The effect of fundamental elements on corrosion behaviors are shown in the following Figures. These can be recapped as follows. Application limit temperature is strongly depending on Mo content in the Ni Base Alloys. In combined H2S, CO2, Cl- media, the basic minimal chemistry of Cr 8%, Ni 28%, Mo 3% is required. Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility increases with material chemistries exceeding 6% Ni. (4) Elemental S is very aggressive to SCC. SM25 and SMC276 is applicable depending on environmental temperature. Corrosionresistant region Ni (%) IGSCC TGSCC Cr (%) 3 6 Temperature ( F) SCC SM2242 SM2535 SM255 SM25 No SCC Mo+ /2W (wt%) SMC276 Relationship between testing temperature and Mo+½W content of Ni Base Alloys in H2S-CL - environment in the SSRT tests. (SSRT test condition ; 25% NaCl-.5% CH3COOH,.7MPa H2S, E=4. 6 S ) Temperature ( F) SCC Localized corrosion Mo (mass %) The relationship between testing temperature and Mo content of Ni-base alloys in an elemental S-containing sour environment. (25% NaCl+g / S,.MPaH2S+.MPaCO2, 4PB with notch Applied Stress; % SMYS(ksi), 336h)

14 3. Guidelines concerning Brines acceptability for 3CR, 7CRS, 3CRS, 3CRM, Duplex stainless and CRA steel The below guidelines are based on laboratory testing excluding O2 contamination or usage of common brine additives such as corrosion inhibitors, biocide, oxygen scavengers, etc. Consequently the brine package suitability and long term stability needs to be carefully ascertained prior to usage. 7CRS, 3CRS, C-steel 3CR PH 3CRM 22Cr (Duplex s.s.) Corrosion 2 Corrosion 3 SCC 5 Pitting 4 SCC 5 NaCl B B A A B A CaCl2 A B B C C C MgCl2 C A B C C A ZnCl2 C C C C A A NaBr A A A A B CaBr2 A B B A B A MgBr2 B B B B ZnBr2 C C C A A ) In 6 C,.MPaCO2 A : ph 4 B : 3<pH <4 C : ph 3 (g/m 2 /h=.mm/year) 4. Mechanical and Thermal Properties Mechanical properties Specific Gravity (x 3 kg/m 3 ) Young Modulus (GPa) Poisson s Ratio No Grade 25 C 25 C C 2 C 25 C 25 C C 2 C 25 C SM-95XS SM-XS SM-25S SM3CR SM3CRM SM3CRS SM3CRS SM7CRS-/ SM22CR SM25CR SM25CRW SM SM SM SM SM SMC ) Autoclave test C,.4MPaCO2 2) A : C.R. g/m 2 /h B : <C.R. C : C.R.> 3) A : C.R.. B :.<C.R.. C : C.R.>. 4) Pitting potential A : Vp.3V B : <Vp <.3 C : Vp 5) A : Crack Free C : Crack Brines identified with A are acceptable for Completion & packer fluid applications. Brines identifided with B may be acceptable for short term completion fluid applications. Brine applications identified with C are NO GO areas. Addition of corrosion inhibitor, biocide, and oxygen scavenger is recommended but these additives long term stability will be carefully ascertained prior to usage. Whenever possible an oil base solids free packer fluid will be preferred. Thermal properties No Grade Thermal expansion (x 6 / deg-c) 25- C 25-2 C C Thermal Diffusivity (x 6 m 2 /s) Heat Capacity (x 6 J/m 3 /deg-c) Thermal Conductivity (W/m /deg-c) Specific Heat (J/kg /deg-c) 25 C C 2 C 25 C 25 C C 2 C 25 C 25 C C 2 C 25 C 25 C C 2 C 25 C SM-95XS SM-XS SM-25S SM3CR SM3CRM SM3CRS SM3CRS SM7CRS-/ SM22CR SM25CR SM25CRW SM SM SM SM SM SMC Note : cal/cm s C=36kcal/m h C=49W m C 24 25

15 FEATURES OF PREMIUM CONNECTIONS 5. Cost Comparison with 3 Chrome Example $ 7,, 6,, 5,, 4,, 3,, 2,,,, Years Batch CTS 3 Chrome Newly patented sealing system with 4 tapered metal to metal seal including VAM stabilizertm provides gall free gas tightness which is as strong as pipe body, even under the most severe condition such as High pressure and High temperature well as true tubing application in casing sizes (9 5/8-3 3/8 ). VAM stabilizertm composes double taper guides for good make up condition, reverse angle torque shoulder and extended lip which can sustain most severe collapse and compression load and results in superior sealing performance and structural resistance under severe combined load condition. Innovative thread form with cylindrical crest and root for stable stabbing, nocross threading and self alignment can be obtained. Hooked thread design increase resistance to jumping out and decrease hoop stress on coupling under higher bending and tension/ compression, making this connection suitable for application in long deviated or horizontal well. A fully cleared internal profile with tight tolerance minimizes gas flow turbulence, no interference with well bore operations and no invitation to wear. Special coupling with 8% and 9% tensile efficiency are available. Newly patented sealing system with 2 or 4 tapered metal-to-metal seal provides gall-free gas-tightness which maintains their integrity, even under the most severe condition as true tubing application in casing sizes (23/8 ~4 ). Hooked thread design increases resistance to jumping-out and decr ease hoop stress on coupling under higher bending and tension/ compression, making this connection suitable for application in long deviated or horizontal well. Reverse angle torque shoulder results in superior sealing performance and structural resistance under severe combined load condition. Streamlined internal profile with tight tolerance minimize gas fl ow turbulance. High compression version (VAM TOP HC) is available. High torque version (VAM TOP HT) provides reinforced torque capacity for liner application where high torque is anticipated. Special coupling with 8% and 9% tensile efficiency are available. Batch: $7,6,485. (Chemical Inhibition Batch Treating) CTS: $2,779,8. (Continuous Treating System) 3 Chrome: $289,. (The economics are dated and the reader is cautioned to compare current prices.) Source of reference: Debbie A. Baudoin, David K. Barbin and Jim Skogsberg, Experiences with 3Cr for mitigating CO2 corrosion in the oilfi eld Case histories: The Gulf of Mexico and inland gas wells, Corrosion 95, paper No.639 (995) A make-up arrestor positions the coupling accurately on the mill end. Pin to pin torque shoulder for positive torque stop on the field end allows overtorque and compression resistance. Modified hook thread profile, with -9 reverse angle on the load flank and +2 on the stabbing flank which provides superior load carrying performances. Increased thread taper, combined with a wider thread profile which allows deep stabbing with no cross-threading. Increased thread pitch to reduce make-up time. Jump-out free. Special thread design to offer superior thread sealing performances. Vanishing threads, fully covered. % tensile efficiency for all sizes with standard API Buttress OD. Pins shoulder, thereby providing a smooth bore ID to minimize turbulence and energy losses. Pins shoulder, thereby providing high compression resistance and immunity to jump-in. Ideally suited to controlled-yield material T&C design for controlled-yield material with no cold working or upsetting that could alter metallurgy. Self energizing metal-to-metal seal with 5% taper provides pressure integrity to API minimum-yield. Tensile effi ciency equals % Hook threads with 3 reverse angle and proper thread length prevent jump-out under tension or bending, and reduce tensile hoop stresses. Smooth bore for turbulence-free fl ow. The VAM HW ST is the ideal connection for extra-heavy casing application

16 MATERIAL AND CONNECTION DESIGN Optimized clearance with 7% to 8% tension effi ciencies of the pipe body yield. Combination of internal and external seals provides pressure ratings equal or greater than pipe body ratings. Excellent compression ratings of 7% of joint strength by 9 degree middle torque shoulder and thread form. User friendly, deep stab, withstand severe excess of thread compound. The negative degree hooked thread locks the connection and prevent jump-out under high tension. The extreme high torque strength permits pipe rotation in deviated wells without structural failure. The connection OD and ID are % flush to the pipe body provides maximum clearance. Combination of internal and external seals provides pressure ratings equal or greater than pipe body ratings. CUSTOMER Well Information Well Condition Well Operation Running Condition NSSMC Material Selection String Design SEARCH DATABASE Application Records Failure Records Expert System ECONOMICAL EVALUATION Analysis Profitability of Selected Material STRESS ANALYSIS Under Anticipated Load Conditions Connection Design Material Design & Evaluation hooked thread for optimal load transmission and resistance to jump out. Independent metal-to-metal multi-seal arrangement for excellent gas-tight performance with burst and collapse pressure ratings equivalent to the pipe body. External torque shoulder for easy running. Based on the same concept of VAMTOP sealing system, thread profile and torque shoulder shape, VAMTOP HC maintain high performance meeting to ISO3679 Class 4 application The torque shoulder dimension of VAMTOPHC is significantly larger than VAMTOP and with a mixture of reduced torque, this enables the connection to withstand extreme compression. VAMTOPHC is % compression connection rating with % VME ellipse. Special clearance/special bevel of VAMTOP HC is consulted case by case. Size availability is from 4-/2 to 7-3/4. 4-/2 VAMTOPHC is not compatible with 4-/2 VAMTOP connection. CAD SYSTEM FEM ANALYSIS PHYSICAL TESTS Make & Break Tests Leak Resistance Evaluation Test Thermal Cycle Tests Measurment of the Stress Failure Tests Fatigue Tests MATERIAL EVALUATION Evaluation under Simulated Well Condition Production Acidizing Completion, Packer Fluids Material Combination with DHE NEW MATERIAL DESIGN 28 29

17 API AND NSSMC PROPRIETRY STEEL GRADES Strength Application API High Collapse Sour Service High Collapse and Sour Service COLOR CODE CHART Low Temperature Deep Well Martensitic Stainless Steel Duplex Stainless Steel Austenitic Stainless Steel J55 Tubing 55 ksi J55 Casing K55 N8Q SM-8T SM-8XS (D) SM-8TXS (D) SM-8L SM3CR-8 8 ksi L8- SM-8LL SM3CRI-8 L8 3Cr 85 ksi SM3CR-85 9 ksi C9- SM-9XS (D) SM-9TXS (D) R95 SM-95T SM-95XS (D) SM-95TXS (D) SM-95L SM3CR-95 T95- SM-95TT SM-95LL SM3CRM ksi SM3CRS-95 SM3CRS-95 (ISO 368) P SM-T SM-ES SM-TES SM-L SM3CRI- SM22CR- (ISO 368) SM2535- (ISO 368) C SM-95TT SM-XS (D) SM-TXS (D) SM-LL SM3CRM- SM25CR- (ISO 368) SM2242- (ISO 368) SM3CRS- SM235- (ISO 368) ksi SM3CRS- (ISO 368) SM255- (ISO 368) SM25- (ISO 368) SMC276- (ISO 368) Q25- SM-25TT SM-25S SM-25TES SM22CR-25 (ISO 368) SM (ISO 368) SM-25ES SM25CR-25 (ISO 368) SM (ISO 368) SM25CRW-25 (ISO 368) SM (ISO 368) 25 ksi SM (ISO 368) SM25-25 (ISO 368) SMC (ISO 368) SM-3G 3 ksi SM-3CY SM-4G SM (ISO 368) 4 ksi SMC276-4 (ISO 368) Color identification shall be applied on either coupling or pipe body at manufacture s option in accordance with above instruction. Note : These materials may be supplied without color coding to avoide chrolide contamination. 3 3

18 INQUIRY AND/OR ORDER DETAIL You are requested to specify your conditions for the following items on your order sheet. Applicable specification, grade and type: (Ex.) NSSMC SM-95XS NSSMC SM-95T NSSMC SM2535- Type of pipe : Casing or Tubing Type of ends : Threaded or Plain End Round (Short, Long), Buttress (casing) or Premium joint; VAM TOP, VAM TOP HC, VAM TOP HT or DINO VAM (casing or tubing) Size (outside diameter) Weight per foot or wall thickness Range length (Range-, 2, 3) Quantity Delivery date, shipping instructions and requirements of mill inspection. If you have any special requirements, please specify the details accordingly. Hydrostatic test pressure Non-destructive inspection Type of joint (other than regular coupling) Special clearance coupling (same or higher grade) Special bevelled coupling Special designed joints (VAM TOP, VAM TOP HC, VAM TOP HT, VAMFJL, VAM HWST, DINO VAM) Coupling make-up (other than regular power tight): Torque turn device or hand tight Special drift or alternative drift (API 5CT) (EXAMPLE) ABC CO Specification : NSSMC SM2535- Type of pipe : Tubing Type of end : VAM TOP Size. weight : 3-/2 * 9.2# Range 2 Quantity : 2ft Delivery : xxx.xxx.xxx on site shipping mark as per attached sheet Mill inspection : Mill final inspection (No third party inspection) 32