General Manufacturing Structural Bonding Adhesives Selector Guide

Transcription

1 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide

2 Design Partnership Process Development Our experienced team of engineers provide documented design and application support. Breadth of Product Line Henkel has the broadest offering of adhesives in the market to meet any substrate or design specific challenges. Henkel s expertise in dispensing equipment can be used to maximize your throughput and productivity. Global Capabilities We are the global technology leader with an extensive network to support the customers value stream. Loctite is the world s #1 brand of engineering adhesives & sealants. Our solutions reduce cost and increase reliability. Technical Support Ability to validate adhesive performance under real world simulation. Achieving more with less Our commitment to leadership in sustainability is deeply embedded in our values. With our revised Sustainability Strategy for 2030, we are building on our strong track record. At the same time, we are aiming to address one of the central future challenges: to decouple growth from resource consumption. At the heart of this strategy is therefore the simple, yet challenging, ambition: to achieve more with less. It aims to create more value for our customers, consumers, communities and the company alike, while simultaneously reducing the environmental footprint.

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Selecting a Structural Structural Bonding Overview Joint Design Design Considerations Technology Considerations Chemistries & Products Two-Part Acrylics Two-Part Acrylic s Epoxies Epoxy s Two-Part Polyurethane Two-Part Polyurethane s Two-Step Acrylics Two-Step Acrylic s Equipment Dispensing Equipment

4 4 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide LEADING THE WaY IN STRUCTURAL ADHESIVES Loctite structural adhesives are engineered to meet a wide range of industrial bonding and assembly requirements. They are available in several formulations including: Two-part acrylics One- and two-part epoxies Two-part Polyurethanes Two-step acrylics Our structural adhesives are designed to provide superior bond strength, long life and dependability on a variety of substrates and applications including: 1. Metal Bonding optimized to meet the demands of today s total lower cost, high strength and lighter weight metal fabricating requirements. 2. Plastic and Composite Bonding for the toughest, most durable bond strength on composites and plastics, including difficult to bond polyolefins. 3. Multiple Surface Bonding for excellent bond strength when joining dissimilar materials, substrates and surface types. 4. Magnet Bonding for the fastest, most durable bonds on ferrite, alnico and neodymium iron boron permanent magnets. Loctite structural adhesives are available in easy-to-use packages for hand-held, manual and semi-automated applications, including cartridges, syringes, soft-squeeze bottles and dual cartridges for two-part formulations. Loctite structural adhesives are also offered in larger packages such as 5- or 55-gallon pails for high volume dispensing and automated assembly operations. All Loctite structural adhesives are easily applied with Loctite dispensing equipment. Configurations include manual or pneumatic, portable or stationary, small or large package systems and pressure-time or volumetric dispense systems. For reliable structural adhesives, choose Loctite, a name synonymous with the highest quality, superior technical support and exceptional value for over 60 years.

5 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 5 Loctite Structural s are as strong as overlap welds, 2x stronger than bolts and easier on the bottom line. STRENGTH COST LOCTITE Overlap Weld " Nut & Bolt Pop Rivets Double-sided Tape Shear Stress (lbf) Before After Previous process. Note the proliferation of rivet heads. With Loctite Structural process. Note the smooth finish.

6 6 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Structural Bonding overview Why use a Henkel for Structural Bonding? The Henkel range of structural bonding products offers a wide choice of solutions to meet the different requirements and conditions that apply to industrial design and construction. Bonding basics bonding is a process in which two similar or dissimilar materials are solidly and permanently assembled using an adhesive. To achieve the optimal bonding result, the following prerequisites must be met: Compatibility of the adhesive with the materials to be bonded Compatibility of the adhesive with the specified requirements Correct processing of the adhesive Advantages of bonding compared to conventional joining methods More uniform stress distribution over the entire bond face: This has a very positive effect on the static and dynamic strength achieved. Where welding and riveting result in localized stress peaks, adhesive bonding achieves uniform distribution and absorption of stress loads. No change in surface and texture of the joined materials: Welding temperatures may change the texture and, therefore, the mechanical properties of materials. In addition, welding, riveting and fastening all affect the visual appearance of the parts. Weight saving: s are particularly popular for light-weight constructions, where thinwalled parts (wall thickness < 0.5 mm) must be joined. Sealed joints: s also act as sealants, preventing loss of pressure or liquids, blocking the penetration of condensation water and protecting against corrosion. Joining dissimilar materials and reducing the risk of corrosion: The adhesive forms an insulating film to prevent contact corrosion when different types of metals are joined. It also acts as electrical and thermal insulator. Choosing the right Henkel Structural Bonding The following key points should be observed for the design of bonded joints: The surfaces to be joined should be as large as possible for maximum load transmission capability Forces acting on the joint should be distributed across the entire bond line

7 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 7 For demanding requirements When applied, adhesives provide bridges between substrates, resulting in uniform stress distribution. Available Technologies Epoxies Rigid bonding Room temperature or heat cure Capability to fill large gaps Very high strength Very good chemical resistance Polyurethanes Slightly flexible bonding Room temperature cure Capability to fill large gaps High strength Good environmental resistance Acrylics Rigid to slightly flexible bonding Room temperature cure Very high strength Good environmental resistance Very high impact strength Good fatigue resistance Shear Strength (psi) One-Part Epoxies Two-Part Epoxies Hot Melt Polyurethanes Solvent Based Butyl Structural Bonding note: One-Part Epoxies Two-Part Epoxies Polyurethanes One- and Two-Part Acrylics For flexible bonding options please refer to our Elastomeric s and Sealants Brochure (LT-6556) or our s Sourcebook (LT-3355). One- and Two-Part Acrylics Silicones Elongation (%)

8 8 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Joint Design Introduction In this section, the terms and concepts related to joint design are divided into three categories which include: Types of Joints Joint Stress Distribution Design Guidelines Types of Joints The specific types of joints which will be examined in this section include: Lap/Overlap Scarf Offset Lap/Overlap Joint Strap/Double Strap Butt Cylindrical Offset Joint Before looking at different types of joints, a few terms need to be explained: Joint: A joint is the location where an adhesive joins two substrates. Joint Geometry: Joint geometry refers to the general shape of an adhesive bond. Is the shape of the bond long and narrow, short and wide, thick or thin? A lap joint, also called an overlap joint, is formed by placing one substrate partially over another substrate. Butt Joint The offset joint is very similar to the lap joint. Scarf Joint A butt joint is formed by bonding two objects end to end. A scarf joint is an angular butt joint. Cutting the joint at an angle increases the surface area. Strap Joint (Single or Double) Cylindrical Joint A strap joint is a combination overlap joint with a butt joint. A cylindrical joint uses a butt joint to join two cylindrical objects.

9 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 9 Joint Stress Distribution Joint stress distribution is the location of stresses within a bond. Stress: Usually expressed as Newtons per square meter (N/M 2 ), which is equivalent to a pascal (Pa) In the English system, stress is normally expressed in pounds per square inch (psi). Types of Stresses There are several types of stresses commonly found in adhesive bonds which include: Shear Peel Tensile Shear Stress Cleavage Compressive Peel Stress Bond location A shear stress results in two surfaces sliding over one another. Bond location A peel stress occurs when a flexible substrate is being lifted or peeled from the other substrate. NOTE: The stress is concentrated at one end. Cleavage Stress Tension Stress Distribution Stress Bond location Bond location A cleavage stress occurs when rigid substrates are being opened at one end. NOTE: The stress is concentrated at one end. When a bond experiences a tensile stress, the joint stress distribution is illustrated as a straight line. The stress is evenly distributed across the entire bond. Tensile stress also tends to elongate an object. Compression Stress Distribution Stress Stress Stress Stress Bond location When a bond experiences a compressive stress, the joint stress distribution is illustrated as a straight line. The stress is evenly distributed across the entire bond.

10 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Design considerations Engineers must have a good understanding of how stress is distributed across a joint which is under an applied force. There are several design guidelines which should be considered when designing an adhesive joint. Maximize Shear/Minimize Peel and Cleavage Note from the stress distribution curve for cleavage and peel, that these bonds do not resist stress very well. The stress is located at one end of the bond line. Whereas, in the case of shear, both ends of the bond resist the stress. Maximize Compression/Minimize Tensile Note from the stress distribution curve for compression and tension, that stress was uniformly distributed across the bond. In most adhesive films, the compressive strength is greater than the tensile strength. An adhesive joint which is feeling a compressive force is less likely to fail than a joint undergoing tension. Joint Width vs. Overlap Note from the shear stress distribution curve, that the ends of the bond receives a greater amount of stress than does the middle of the bond. If the width of the bond is increased, stress will be reduced at each end and the overall result is a stronger joint. Side View Side View Joint Area Width vs. Overlap 1.0" 0.5" Bond Area = 1 sq. in. FORCE = Shear In this same overlap joint, if the overlapping length is greatly increased, there is little, if any, change in the bond strength. The contribution of the ends is not increased. The geometry of the ends has not changed, thus their contribution to the bond strength has not changed. As a general rule, increase the joint width rather than the overlap area ( wider is better ).

11 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 11 technology considerations PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS Benefits adhesive category epoxies urethanes 2-part acrylics 2-step acrylics Wide range of formulations Excellent toughness/ flexibility Good impact resistance/flexibility Good impact resistance/no-mix limitations Mixing required Sensitive to moisture Mixing required Primer required TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE Typical for the category -65 F to 180 F (-54 C to 82 C) -65 F to 250 F (-54 C to 121 C) -65 F to 250 F (-54 C to 121 C) -65 F to 300 F (-54 C to 149 C) Highest rated product 400 F (204 C) 300 F (149 C) 250 F (121 C) 400 F (204 C) ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE Polar Solvents (ex.: H 2O, Ethylene Glycol, Isopropyl Alcohol [IPA], Acetone) Very Good Good Good Good Nonpolar Solvents (ex. Motor Oil, Toluene, Gasoline, ATF) Excellent Good Very Good Very Good ADHESION TO SUBSTRATES Metals Excellent Good Excellent Excellent Plastics Fair Very Good Excellent Fair Glass Excellent Good Good Excellent Rubber Fair Good Poor Poor Wood Very Good Fair Good Good OVERLAPPING SHEAR STRENGTH High Medium High High PEEL STRENGTH Medium Medium High Medium TENSILE STRENGTH High Medium High High ELONGATION/FLEXIBILITY Low High Medium Medium HARDNESS Rigid Soft Semirigid Semirigid PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS adhesive category epoxies urethanes 2-part acrylics 2-step acrylics NUMBER OF COMPONENTS 1 or 2 1 or CURE TEMPERATURE FIXTURE TIME Room temperature or heat cure Room temperature or heat cure Room temperature or heat cure Room temperature or heat cure Average 20 minutes 25 minutes 20 minutes 5 minutes Fastest 3 to 5 minutes 5 minutes 3 to 5 minutes 30 seconds FULL CURE TIME 12 to 24 hours 24 hours 24 hours 24 hours GAP FILL Ideal (in inches) to to to to Maximum (in inches) DISPENSING/MIXING EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Yes Yes Yes No note: This chart should not be used to specify products without specific testing. It is recommended that you conduct on-part testing to ensure product performance before specifying any adhesive.

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13 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 13 Two-Part Acrylics Advantages High cure through depth Room temperature cure High peel and impact strength Good environmental resistance Bonds to moderately contaminated surfaces Cure can be accelerated with heat Considerations Slow fixture times (5 to 30 minutes) Waste associated with static mix process May have strong odor General Description Two-part acrylic adhesives consist of a resin and an activator both of which are normally highviscosity liquids typically in the range of 5,000 to 0,000 cp. While the activator is chemically similar to that of a two-step acrylic, it is delivered as a high viscosity liquid that is normally similar in viscosity to the resin. The two components are mixed just prior to dispensing at mix ratios ranging from 1:1 and :1 by volume. By mixing the activator and resin, two-part acrylics have much larger cure through depths than two-step acrylics that only have the activator applied to the surface. To maintain the ratio of the resin and activator equipment is required. For small to moderate volume applications, the adhesive is packaged in a dual cartridge that sets the ratio. For high volume applications, meter mix dispense equipment is used. The resin and activator are mixed by passing them through a static mix tip which allows the material to be dispensed as a homogenous one-part material. Since the mixed adhesive is curing in the mix tip, there will be trade off between the open time and the fixture time. Faster curing products will require that mix tips be changed after shorter idle times. Two-part acrylics can also be accelerated with heat, but care must be taken when determining the cure temperature. Process Notes Properly prime the mix Audit to ensure proper mixing Use equipment designed for two-part acrylics Evaluate peak exotherm for large volume applications Tip by dispensing a small amount before attaching the mix tip (also called bumping ) to ensure both sides are flowing then dispensing several grams after attaching the tip to prime the mix tip before creating production parts. Many two-part acrylics are color coded to allow for visual inspection of the mixing. For example, a blue resin and yellow activator would result in a green product. There should not be pockets of unmixed (i.e. yellow or blue) product that can be visually observed. Two-part acrylics are very reactive systems that may cure when contacting active metals such as steel, copper or brass. When dispensing from a meter-mix dispense system, two-part acrylics must be dispensed from inactive systems such as stainless steel. Care should be taken not to replace fitting during maintenance with active metals. Two-part acrylics cure very rapidly via an exothermic reaction that releases heat. When curing large volumes, the heat can be sufficient to warp plastic parts or degrade the adhesive.

14 14 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Two-Part Acrylic s Your Application Specially formulated to provide tough, long-lasting bonds to most surfaces, including steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, sheet metal, stainless steel, plastics and composites capable of reducing or replacing the need for threaded fasteners, welds or rivets, resulting in a lower cost assembly Are you bonding metals or plastics/composites? Metals General Metal Bonders Galvanized Steel Aluminum Longer Work Time Fast Work Time Fast Work Time Ultra-Fast Work Time Loctite Solution H8000 H4500 H8600 H8700 H80 H81 Color Green Grey Blue Blue Green Green Viscosity (cp) 130,000 45,000 86,000 40, , ,000 Mix Ratio :1 :1 2:1 2:1 :1 :1 Work Time (minutes) Shear Strength 1 (psi) 3, ,0 3,355 2,870 3, ,475 3 Impact Strength 5 (J) Peel Strength 1 (N/mm) Product Description Loctite H8000 * Made-to-order item. Working time = maximum time before assembly of parts to ensure proper wetting. 1 Steel. 2 High density polyethylene. 3 Aluminum. 4 Galvanized steel. 5 Grit-blasted mild steel. 6 Polyethylene. 7 Block sheer strength, HDPE. Structural Tough Metal Bonder Exhibits excellent peel strength on multiple substrates, especially aluminum. Loctite H4500 Structural Fast Work Time High strength structural adhesive for metals. Fixtures in 15 minutes. With color mix indication. Loctite H8600 Structural Galvanized Steel Bonder Excellent shear strength on steel and aluminum. Especially designed for severe environments. Loctite H8700 Structural Paint-Bake Compatible Metal Bonder Spot weldthrough capable, high toughness, designed for weld/rivet reduction. Loctite H80 Structural Aluminum Bonder Exhibits excellent strength on aluminum. Loctite H81 Structural Ultra-Fast Aluminum Bonder Aluminum bonder fixtures in 5 minutes.

15 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 15 Plastics/Composites Are you bonding polyolefins? No Yes Non-Sag Longer Work Time High Toughness High Strength Fast Work Time H4000 H31 H4800 H4630 H Pale Yellow Cream Light Yellow Blue Yellow Pale Yellow Clear - 75,000 50,000 30,000 1,000 60,000 12,000 :1 1:1 :1 2:1 1:1 1:1 : , ,5 3, ,450 3,350 1, , NEW Loctite H4000 Structural Non-Sag Loctite H31 Structural Extended Work Life Loctite H4800 Structural Toughened Loctite H4630 Structural Toughened Loctite H3000 Structural High Strength Loctite 3035 Structural Fast Fixture Loctite 3038 Structural Fast Fixture Superior impact and peel strength, non-sagging, gaps filled to 12.7 mm. A medium viscosity structural adhesive ideal for bonding a variety of substrates. NSF/ANSI 61 Certified. Excellent peel and impact resistance. Provides high bond strengths on composites. Fast fixture time. Fast fixture adhesive which exhibits high bond strength on a variety of substrates. A fast-fixturing acrylic adhesive designed to bond low-energy plastic substrates without any surface preparation. A fast-fixturing acrylic adhesive designed to bond low-energy plastic substrates without any surface preparation.

16 16 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Epoxies Advantages Wide variety of formulations available High adhesion to many substrates Good toughness Cure can be accelerated with heat Excellent depth of cure Superior environmental resistance Considerations Two-part systems require mixing One-part systems require heat cure Long cure and fixture times General Description Epoxy adhesives are supplied as one- and two-part systems with viscosities that range from a few thousand centipoise to thixotropic pastes. Upon cure, epoxies form tough, rigid thermoset polymers with high adhesion to a wide variety of substrates and superior environmental resistance. A major advantage of epoxies is that there are a wide variety of commercially available resins, hardeners and fillers for epoxies that allows the performance characteristics of epoxies to be tailored to the needs of almost any application. When using a one-part heat-cure system, the resin and a latent hardener are supplied already mixed and when stored typically need to be refrigerated or frozen. By heating the system, the latent hardener is activated causing cure to initiate. The epoxy will normally start to cure rapidly at temperatures of 212 F to 257 F (0 C to 125 C) and cure times of 30 to 60 minutes are typical. Heat curing also generally improves bond strengths, thermal resistance and chemical resistance. When using a two-part system, the resin and hardener are packaged separately and are mixed just prior to use. This allows more active hardeners to be used so that the two-part epoxies will rapidly cure at ambient conditions. Two-part systems are normally mixed by passing them through a static mix tip. This allows the two-part material to be dispensed as a single homogenous liquid where it exits the mix tip. Since the mixed adhesive is curing in the mix tip, the adhesive s viscosity and performance changes during idle times and the mix tip must be changed after the idle time exceeds the adhesive s open time. This creates a trade off between fixture time and open time. Faster curing products will require that mix tips be changed after shorter idle times. To maintain the ratio of the resin and activator, equipment is required. For small to moderate volume applications, the adhesive is normally packaged in a dual cartridge that sets the ratio. For high volume applications, meter mix dispense equipment is recommended. Process Notes Properly prime the mix tip Significant exotherms can occur for large volume applications. Ensure that meter mix systems are on-ratio and air free. Induction curing typically offers the fastest heat cures. By dispensing a small amount before attaching the mix tip (also called bumping ) to ensure both sides are flowing, then dispense several grams after attaching the tip to prime the mix tip before creating production parts. The curing reaction of the epoxy can release a great deal of heat (exotherm) and can result in a significant temperature rise in the adhesive. To maintain consistent performance when using a meter mix dispense system, it is critical that the equipment is at the required mix ratio. This should be audited periodically with QC tests. Air in the equipment is a frequent cause of the equipment becoming off-ratio. Care should be taken not to introduce air in the equipment when changing packages. Induction heats ferrous components much faster than convection or infrared ovens.

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18 18 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Epoxy s Your Application Bond a wide variety of materials, such as metal, ceramic and plastic Available in a variety of formulations and performance capabilities, including fast cure, superior moisture resistance, ease of dispense, high toughness, and a resistance to a wide range of chemicals Do You Need a One-Part or Two-Part Epoxy? Two-Part Do you need the product to fixture in less than 15 minutes at room temperature? Yes No Potting Moisture Resistant Flexible Non-Sag Clear Chemical Resistant Loctite Solution E-05MR E-05CL E-00NS 9450 E-30CL E-50CR Color Clear Clear Translucent Translucent Clear Black Viscosity (cp) 25,000 2,500 0,000 Paste,000 18,000 Mix Ratio 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 2:1 2:1 Work Life (minutes) Fixture Time (minutes) > Room Temperature Cure Time (hours) Shear Strength 1 (psi) 3,360 1,430 1,600 3,300 3,0 2,160 Temperature Resistance 200 F (93 C) 250 F (121 C) 180 F (82 C) 250 F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) Product Description * Made-to-order item. 1 Grit blasted steel. 2 Aluminum. Loctite E-05MR Epoxy Moisture Resistant Clear, fastfixturing epoxy that provides excellent moisture resistance and exceptional toughness. Loctite E-05CL Epoxy Flexible A clear, flexible, high-peel, lowodor epoxy with a 3-minute work life. Loctite E-00NS Epoxy Non-Sag A fast-fixturing, thixotropic, nonsag epoxy which cures at room temperature to form a translucent, rigid and machinable bondline. Well suited for use on vertical surfaces. Loctite 9450 Epoxy Non-Sag Fast curing, non-sagging, high strength, ideal for gap filling and vertical applications. Loctite E-30CL Epoxy Clear An ultra-clear, low-viscosity, impact-resistant epoxy with a 30-minute work life. An excellent glass bonder. Exhibits exceptional chemical resistance. Loctite E-50CR Epoxy Chemical Resistant Medium viscosity adhesive with extended worklife, exceptional chemical and solvent resistance.

19 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 19 Flexible High Toughness Short Work Life Medium Work Life Long Work Life E-40FL E-90FL E-20HP E-60HP E-120HP Grey Opaque Grey Off-White Off-White Amber 70,000 40,000 30,000 45,000 30,000 1:1 1:1 2:1 2:1 2: > >180 > ,270 4,320 4, F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) Loctite E-40FL Epoxy Flexible Loctite E-90FL Epoxy Flexible Loctite E-20HP Epoxy High Performance Loctite E-60HP Epoxy Loctite E-120HP Epoxy Toughened suited for lowstress, high-impact bonding applications of dissimilar material. A grey, impact-resistant, toughened epoxy with a 90-minute work life. A high strength epoxy with a 20-minute work life. Off-white, toughened, high peel, high shear. A high strength epoxy with a 60-minute work life. Offwhite, high-peel, high-shear. An amber, non-sag, aerospace grade epoxy with an extended open time to allow for the adjustment of large parts.

20 20 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Epoxy s Your Application Bond a wide variety of materials, such as metal, ceramic and plastic Available in a variety of formulations and performance capabilities, including fast cure, superior moisture resistance, ease of dispense, high toughness, and a resistance to a wide range of chemicals Do You Need a One-Part or Two-Part Epoxy? Two-Part Do you need the product to fixture in less than 15 minutes at room temperature? High Toughness High Temperature Resistance No High Strength Potting Ultra-Toughened Loctite Solution E-30UT E-40HT F 1C Color Purple Off-White Grey Grey Off-White Viscosity (cp) 12, ,000 20, , ,000 Mix Ratio 2:1 2:1 1:1 1:1 2.5:1 Work Life (minutes) Fixture Time (minutes) > Room Temperature Cure Time (hours) Shear Strength 1 (psi) 4,200 4,030 3,500 4,000 1,500 Temperature Resistance 250 F (121 C) 300 F (149 C) 250 F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) 300 F (149 C) Product Description * Made-to-order item. 1 Grit blasted steel. 2 Aluminum. Loctite E-30UT Epoxy Ultra-Tough An epoxy that provides exceptional fracture toughness characteristics for the most demanding structural bonding requirements. Loctite E-40HT Epoxy High viscosity extended work life, elevated temperature resistance. Loctite 9460 Epoxy Thixotropic, high peel strength coupled with excellent shear strength. Loctite 9460F Epoxy Faster cure version of Loctite 1C Epoxy General Purpose Machineable, sandable, excellent environmental resistance.

21 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 21 One-Part High Strength High Toughness E-214HP E NA Grey Grey Grey Purple Grey Paste Paste 225,000 Paste 45, C 120 C 120 C 350 F (177 C) 120 C or 150 C ,820 4,550 2,850 2,900 6, F (149 C) 300 F (149 C) 300 F (149 C) 350 F (177 C) 350 F (177 C) Loctite E-214HP Epoxy High Strength Loctite E-909 Epoxy Non-Sag Loctite 9432NA Epoxy Thixotropic Loctite 5089 Epoxy Paint-Bake Loctite 9514 Gap Filling Toughened Acid-free, temperature resistant, noncorrosive to sensitive parts. High strength especially for dissimilar substrates. Aluminum filled, excellent tensile shear strength. Can be spot-welded through and is compatible with most paint-bake process. Large gap filling and sag resistance.

22 22 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Two-Part Polyurethane Advantages Extremely tough Good resistance to solvents High cohesive strength Good impact resistance Good abrasion resistance Considerations Mixing required for two-part polyurethanes Primer may be needed for adhesion to some substrates Limited high temperature use General Description Polyurethane adhesives are supplied as one- and two-part systems which range in viscosity from self-leveling liquids to non-slumping pastes. They cure to form thermoset polymers with good solvent and chemical resistance. They are extremely versatile and can range in cured form from extremely soft elastomers to rigid, extremely hard plastics. Polyurethanes offer a good blend of cohesive strength and flexibility that makes them very tough, durable adhesives. They bond well to most unconditioned substrates, but may require the use of solvent-based primers to achieve high-bond strengths. They offer good toughness at low temperatures, but typically degrade in strength after long-term exposure over 302 F (150 C). Since the cure of one-part, moisture-curing polyurethanes is dependent on moisture diffusing through the polymer, the maximum depth of cure that can be achieved in a reasonable time is limited at approximately (9.5 mm). Two-part systems, on the other hand, offer unlimited depth of cure. Two-part system are normally mixed by passing them through a static mix tip. This allows the two-part material to be dispensed as a single homogenous liquid where it exits the mix tip. Since the mixed adhesive is curing in the mix tip, the adhesive s viscosity and performance changes during idle times and the mix tip must be changed after the idle time exceeds the adhesive s open time. This creates a trade off between fixture time and open time. Faster curing products will require that mix tips be changed after shorter idle times. To maintain the ratio of the resin and activator, equipment is required. For small to moderate volume applications, the adhesive is packaged in a dual cartridge that sets the ratio. For high volume applications, meter mix dispense equipment is used. Process Notes Properly prime the mix tip Audit to ensure proper mixing Significant exotherms can occur for large volume applications Protect the adhesive from moisture By dispensing a small amount before attaching the mix tip (also called bumping ) to ensure both sides are flowing, then dispense several grams after attaching the tip to prime the mix tip before creating production parts. When setting up a new process, the mix tip should be evaluated in application-representative conditions, including planned downtimes to ensure proper mixing. This should be audited periodically. The curing reaction of the epoxy can release a great deal of heat (exotherm) and can result in a significant temperature rise in the adhesive. Polyurethanes will absorb moisture from the ambient atmosphere, which may cause premature gelling or bubbling of the adhesive. As a result, bulk system must be designed with dyers to prevent this.

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24 24 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Two-Part Polyurethane s Your Application Bond a wide variety of materials, including most metals, plastics and composites exhibit superior moisture and humidity resistance, as well as good toughness and flexibility What Are you bonding? Composites Metal Plastic General Purpose Flame Resistance Required NEW Loctite Solution UK 1351 B25 UK 1366 B U-09FL U-05FL CR 6127 / CR 4300 Color Green Green Clear Off-White White/Clear Brown Viscosity (cp) 29,000 34,000 5,000 0,000 2,600 Mix Ratio 2:1 4:1 1:1 1:2 85:15 (Weight) Work Life (minutes) Fixture Time (minutes) Cure Time (hours) Shear Strength** (psi) 2,360 1,725 1, NEW Product Description * Made-to-order item. **Aluminum. LOCTITE UK 1351 B25 TM Urethane Composite Bonder Grit-blasted steel. A highly toughened, GL-approved, twopart urethane for composites bonding. Non-sag with excellent fatigue and environmental resistance. LOCTITE UK 1366 B Urethane Metal Bonder A highly flexible, medium fixture structural bonder that has good adhesion to metals and plastics. Excellent environmental resistance and impact strength. LOCTITE U-09FL Urethane Plastic Bonder A two-part, high performance urethane adhesive for plastic bonding with a -minute work life. Clear, impact resistant, high peel. LOCTITE U-05FL Urethane General-Purpose A high performance urethane adhesive for general-purpose metal bonding with a 5-minute work life. Off-white, highly flexible, impact and moisture resistant, high peel, high shear. LOCTITE CR 6127 / CR 4300 Urethane Elastic casting filling and coating.

25 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide General Assembly Sandwich Bonding Low Temperature Isolation UK 81 / UK 5400 UK 83 / UK 5400 UK 8303 B60 / UK 5400 UK 8202 / UK 5400 UK 8160 / UK 5400 Beige/Brown Cream/Brown Cream/Brown Cream/Brown Cream/Brown 2,500 9, ,000 9,000 Pasty 4:1 5:1 (Weight) 6:1 (Weight) 4:1 (Weight) 5:1 (Weight) hours 5-8 hours 4-5 hours 8- hours 5-8 hours 5-7 days 5-7 days 5-7 days 5-7 days 5-7 days 900 >1,350 >1,800 1,800 1,050 LOCTITE UK 81 /UK 5400 Urethane LOCTITE UK 83 /UK 5400 Urethane LOCTITE UK 8303 B60 /UK 5400 Urethane LOCTITE UK 8202 /UK 5400 Urethane LOCTITE UK 8160 /UK 5400 Urethane Filling, potting, coating and casting. Elastic sandwich bonding. Elastic, bend resistant bonding. Sandwich bonding, low temperature isolation to -190 C. Sandwich bonding, low temperature isolation to -190 C. 25

26 26 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Two-Step Acrylics Advantages Fast fixture speed Room temperature cure No mixing required High peel and impact strength Good environmental resistance Bonds to lightly contaminated surfaces Cure can be accelerated with heat Considerations Limited cure through depth (0.040 ) Activator may contain solvents Activator requires controlled dispensing process may have strong odor General Description Two-step acrylic adhesives consist of a resin and an activator. The resin component is a solvent-free, high-viscosity liquid typically in the range of,000 to 0,000 cp. The activator is a low viscosity liquid catalyst typically in the range of 2 to 50 cp. The activator is available either as a solvent dispersion or pure (also called solventless ). When the resin and activator contact each other the resin begins to cure very rapidly fixturing in 15 seconds to several minutes depending on the specific adhesive used and gap being cured through. In some cases the resin can also be cured with light or heat. Light cure can be used to fully cure resin that light can reach, fillets for example. While the fixture time depends on many factors, 15 to 30 seconds is typical. A typical heat cure cycle is to 20 minutes at 300 F (149 C). Heat curing normally offers higher bond strengths, improved thermal resistance, better chemical resistance and achieves complete cure faster. Heat cure is sometimes also used to eliminate any residual odor of the acrylic adhesive from the cured assembly. Process Notes Do not over apply When using activators, do not over apply them. The target quantity is normally 4 to 8 mg/in 2. Solventless activators generally require automated dispensing via a rotospray or atomized spray valve. Allow time for the carrier solvent to evaporate Do not apply the activator and adhesive to the same part Do not apply the activator to porous surfaces Be sure to assemble the parts before the activator open time expires Protect activators from air exposure If using a solvent-based activator, such as Loctite 7387 or 7649, allow sufficient time for the carrier solvent to evaporate after applying the activator before mating the two assemblies. This is normally 30 to 60 seconds, but can be longer based on the specific activator used. Unless they are assembled immediately after dispensing. The adhesive will start curing in as little as 5 to 15 seconds. Such as a ferrite magnet. The porous surface may absorb the activator taking it away from the adhesive joint. After that time, the adhesive may not cure properly. Activator open times range widely from an hour to 30 days, so refer to the technical data sheet to determine the open time for the activator you are using. Depending upon their specific chemistry, some activators may oxidize readily upon exposure to air. Always close containers after use. Use a nitrogen blanket if necessary to lessen air contact.

27 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Magnet Bonding Loctite Structural s for magnet bonding combine the benefits of fast process speeds with tough, durable, environmentally resistant bond strengths, making them ideal for bonding ferrite, alnico and neodymium iron boron permanent magnets used in electric motors, small engines, speakers, transformers and other devices. Magnets assembled with adhesives provide a wealth of benefits, including: Ability to use lower cost components Decreased inventory cost Easier to automate Will not chip magnets Prevent vibrational noise Prevent corrosion Acid-free Higher impact strength Higher temperature resistance 27

28 28 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Two-Step Acrylic s Your Application combine the benefits of fast process speeds with tough, durable and environmentally-resistant bond strengths Ideal for bonding ferrite, alnico and neodymium permanent magnets used in electric motors, small engines, speakers, transformers and other devices General Purpose Fast Fixture Ultra-Fast Fixture Gap Filling Loctite Solution A-671 Color Pale Yellow Amber Light Amber Cream Green Viscosity (cp) 67,500 1,000 17,000 20,000 30,000 Fixture Time (seconds) 5 min. 1 min. 1 min Cure Time (hours) Shear Strength 1 (psi) 3,300 2,490 2,200 3,0 2,000 Temperature Resistance 250 F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) 250 F (121 C) 350 F (177 C) 311 F (155 C) Recommended Activator Two-Part Mix LOCTITE Product Description 330 Structural General Purpose * Made-to-order item. 1 Steel. A general-purpose, high viscosity adhesive for a wide range of materials, including metal, wood, ferrite, ceramic and plastic. LOCTITE 312 Structural General Purpose Fast fixture between close fitting parts. LOCTITE 326 Structural Fast Fixture An all-purpose bonder. Offers the strength of an epoxy and the speed of an instant adhesive. Solvent resistant. Cures in minutes. Ideal for applications requiring fast fixturing. Use with Loctite LOCTITE 331 Structural Ultra-Fast Fixture Toughened, activatorcure acrylic. Acidfree, noncorrosive to sensitive parts. Fixtures in 20 seconds and develops full strength in 30 minutes. Excellent high temperature resistance. Ideal for bonding close-fitting metals and magnets. LOCTITE A-671 Structural Gap Filling Two-component external mix acrylic requires no static mixing or activators. Excellent humidity resistance and gapfilling capability. Fast fixturing. Accelerators, activators & primers Henkel has a complete line of Loctite surface preparation accelerators, activators and primers, as well as a complete line of general-purpose Loctite branded cleaners and degreasers, and specialized products to ensure the maximum performance of Loctite adhesives and sealants. Loctite activators including 7387 and 7649 are specially engineered curing agents for structural adhesives.

29 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide 29 High Toughness High Temperature Resistance Low Odor High Strength Sheet Bonding A Amber Yellow Amber Light Blue to Grey Green/Blue Yellow to Brown 6,500 80,000 0,000 15,000 25,000 26, min ,500 1,595 3,000 2,000 4,270 2, F (121 C) 350 F (177 C) 400 F (204 C) 163 C 250 F (149 C) 200 F (120 C) A-534 Two-Part Mix 737 or 7386 LOCTITE 392 Structural Fast Fixture/Toughened LOCTITE 334 Structural High Temperature LOCTITE 332 Structural High Temperature LOCTITE A-533 Structural LOCTITE 3060 Structural LOCTITE 329 Structural Single component, dualcure acrylic. Provides fast-fixture speed and tough, reliable bonds. Single component, dual-cure acrylic. Forms tough, flexible bonds on gaps up to 0.02 in. Resists temperatures up to 350 F. An activator-cured, no-mix adhesive that provides high temperature capability with thermal durability up to 400 F (204 C). Nonflammable, 0% solids, low odor, rapid curing. Magnet bonding in the assembly of fractional horsepower electric motors. Sheet steel structural bonding where continuous or repeated loading is encountered.

30 30 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Dispensing Equipment Recommended Loctite applicators* Package Type/Size Handheld Applicators Dispenser ITEM NUMBER Equipment Type viscosity range mix ratios Recommended Mix Nozzle ITEM NUMBER Pcs/Pk Manual Low to High 1:1, 1:2, 2: Pneumatic Low to High 1:1, 1:2, 2: Manual Low to High 1:1, 2: Pneumatic Low to High 1:1, 2: Manual Low to High : Pneumatic Low to High : Manual High to Paste 1:1, 2: Pneumatic High to Paste 1:1, 2: Manual High to Paste 1:1, 2: Conversion Kit (Manual) High to Paste 4: Pneumatic High to Paste 1:1, 2: Conversion Kit (Pneumatic) High to Paste 4: Manual High to Paste : Pneumatic High to Paste : Two-part dispensing 50 ml A dual cartridge 50 ml B dual cartridge 50 ml S dual cartridge 400 ml C dual cartridge 400 ml F dual cartridge 490 ml F dual cartridge * For additional applicator options please refer to the Equipment Sourcebook, LT-3669.

31 General Manufacturing Structural Bonding s Selector Guide Recommended Static Mix Nozzles* Loctite Product Package Quantity item number description mix nozzles for 50 ml dual (a Style) cartridges , ml Mix Nozzle, Slip-Luer, 5.9" overall length, 0.250" inner diameter, 20 elements; 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 mix ratios , ml Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip-Luer, 5.9" overall length, 0.250" inner diameter, 20 elements; 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 mix ratios ml Mix Nozzle, Luer Tip, 6.0" overall length, 6.35 mm inner diameter, 21 elements; 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 mix ratios , ml Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip, 6.0" overall length, 6.35 mm inner diameter, 21 elements; 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 mix ratios , ml Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip, 5.2" overall length, 6.5 mm inner diameter, 16 elements; 1:1, 2:1 mix ratios B Cartridges , ml Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip, 6.2" overall length, 6.5 mm inner diameter, 20 elements; 1:1, 2:1 mix ratios B Cartridges ml Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip, 6.2" Overall Length, 6.5 mm inner diameter, 20 elements; 4:1, :1 mix ratio B & S Cartridges , /400 ml Square Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip, 5.1" overall length, 7.5 mm inner dimension, 24 elements; 1:1; 2:1 mix ratios , /400 ml Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip, 7.3" overall length, 6.3 mm inner diameter, 24 elements; 1:1, 2:1 mix ratios , /400 ml Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip, 8.8" overall length, 8 mm inner diameter, 24 elements; 1:1, 2:1 mix ratios. 1, /400 ml Mix Nozzle, Stepped Tip, 9.2" overall length, 8.0 mm inner diameter, 24 elements; 1:1, 2:1 mix ratios F Cartridges. 1, /400 ml 4:1 and 490 ml :1 Mix Nozzle, 9.2" overall length, 8 mm inner diameter, Stepped Tip, 24 elements F Cartridges /400-F ml Cartridge Mix Nozzle, 11.2" overall length, mm inner diameter, Stepped Tip, 24 elements; 4:1, :1 mix ratios F Cartridges. mix nozzles for 50 ml dual (B and S Style) cartridges mix nozzles for 200 ml & 400 ml dual (C Style) cartridges mix nozzles for 200 ml & 400 ml dual (F Style) cartridges * For additional mix nozzle options please refer to the Equipment Sourcebook, LT

32 Henkel products are designed to meet the specifications and testing standards of a variety of agencies. Because such standards change or may be modified, no warranty is given regarding such compliance. The information provided may be used as a quick reference tool to aid in design or application. For up-to-the-minute information on agency approvals, or to inquire about additional agency approvals, please contact Henkel Product Management team or local Technical Support team. Contact us at: Henkel Asia Pacific & China Headquarters No. 928 Zhangheng Road Zhangjiang High Tech Park Pudong New District Shanghai , P.R. China Tel: Fax: Henkel Australia Pty Ltd Canterbury Road Kilsyth, Victoria 3137 Melbourne, Australia Tel: Fax: Henkel Japan Ltd Shin Isogo cho Isogo ku, Yokohama shi Kanagawa , Japan Tel: Fax: Henkel Korea Ltd. 8/F, Henkel Tower 418 Mapo dong, Mapo gu Seoul , South Korea Tel: Fax: Henkel Singapore Pte Ltd. #03 01/02 Haw Par Technocentre 401 Commonwealth Drive Singapore Tel: Fax: Henkel Taiwan Ltd. /F, 866 Zhongzheng Road Zhonghe District New Taipei City 235, Taiwan Tel: Fax: Except as otherwise noted, all marks used above in this brochure/leaflet, report/data sheet etc. are trademarks and/ or registered trademarks of Henkel and/or its affiliates in the US and elsewhere. Copyright Henkel Asia- Pacific and China Headquarters. All rights reserved. APH-AG-096 (07/2014) Henkel Hong Kong Ltd. Units /F Island Place Tower 5 King s Road, North Point Hong Kong Tel: Fax: Henkel (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. 46/F, Menara Telekom Jalan Pantai Bahru Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: Fax: Henkel (Thailand) Ltd. 35/F, Centralworld Tower 999/9 Rama I Road Khwaeng Pathumwan Khet Pathumwan Bangkok 330, Thailand Tel: Fax: Henkel s Technologies India Pvt. Ltd. 11/F Kesar Solitaire Plot No. 5, Sector 19 Palm Beach Road Sanpada, Navi Mumbai Maharashtra , India Tel: Fax: Henkel New Zealand Ltd. 2 Allens Road, East Tamaki PO Box Greenmount 1730 Auckland, New Zealand Tel: Fax: Henkel Technologies Vietnam Co., Ltd. No. 7, Road 9A Bien Hoa II Industrial Park Bien Hoa, Dong Nai Province Vietnam Tel: Fax: PT. Henkel Indonesien 21/F, Talavera Office Park Jl. Letjen TB. Simatupang Kav Jakarta Indonesia Tel: Fax: Henkel Philippines Inc. LSL Building 2, Diode St., LISPP, Brgy. Diezmo, Cabuyao Laguna 4025, Philippines Tel: Fax: