Migrating, corrosion-inhibiting admixtures for reinforced structures. Increases durability and dramatically reduces corrosion.

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1 Migrating Corroion Inhibitor! Migrating Corroion Inhibitor! MCI Admixture Migrating, corroion-inhibiting admixture for reinforced tructure. Increae durability and dramatically reduce corroion. Q U A EXCELLENCE I T Y CORPORATION Environmentally Safe VpCI /MCI Technologie

2 MCI 2000 Serie Migrating, Corroion-Inhibiting Admixture A new reinforced concrete tructure i deigned to have a long ervice life typically in exce of 50 year. Unfortunately, many tructure fall hort of thi goal, requiring expenive repair and protection work in the future. A major reaon for the premature deterioration of our reinforced concrete infratructure i corroion of the reinforced teel. The Two Major Caue Of Corroion In Concrete Concrete i a highly alkaline material when firt produced (ph range 12-13). The embedded teel i protected by a paive oxide layer which i maintained by high alkalinity at the urface of the teel. Rebar in alkaline concrete. Lo of alkalinity with CO2 ingre. Corroion can begin when carbonation reache the teel. Cracking and palling will ultimately occur. CO2 CO2 Under certain expoure and condition the natural paivating protection of the teel break down. In the preence of moiture and oxygen, corroion then occur. Carbonation of Concrete The mot common caue of lo of paivating alkalinity i carbonation a proce whereby atmopheric carbon dioxide react with the oluble alkaline calcium hydroxide and other cement hydrate in concrete. Thee are then converted into inoluble calcium carbonate. Ca(OH) 2 + CO 2 > CaCO 3 + H 2 O (Soluble) High Alkalinity Lower Alkalinity (Inoluble) The alkalinity of the cement matrix i reduced and it paivating ability i lot progreively from the urface inward. Once the concrete in contact with reinforced teel ha carbonated, the teel i no longer protected. In the preence of moiture and oxygen, corroion damage i inevitable. Chloride in Concrete The concentration of chloride required to promote corroion of embedded reinforcement i affected by the ph of the concrete. In alkaline freh concrete a threhold level of about 7,500-8,000 ppm i required to tart corroion, but if the alkalinity i reduced the chloride threhold i ignificantly lower (below 100 ppm). Typical ource of chloride include deicing alt, alt water environment and ome commercial admixture. >

3 An Innovation That Fight Corroion And Extend The Service Life Of Reinforced Concrete Structure The Electrochemical Proce of Corroion The corroion product of teel (iron oxide or hydroxide), occupy a much greater volume than the teel (4-12 time the volume). Thi increae in volume exert a great expanive preure within the concrete, leading to cracking, rut taining and palling over the corroded reinforcement. Being an electrochemical proce, corroion of teel in concrete require an electrolyte. Concrete i full of mall pore which contain moiture, and o, i an effective electrolyte. A mall, electrical current flow between the anode and the cathode with corroion activity (rut formation) taking place at the anode. Unprotected Reinforcing Steel Reinforcing Steel Protected By Cortec MCI Admixture CATHODE ANODE CONCRETE (electrolyte) The Corroion Proce Without Cortec MCI Admixture. At the Cathode At the Anode (02 + 2H e - -> 4 OH - ) ( Fe -> Fe ++ 2e - ) When MCI reache reinforcing teel, it form a protective layer (about 20Å thick) that protect the teel in both anodic and cathodic area. The Double-Action Performance Of Cortec MCI 2000 Serie Protect At Both The Anode And Cathode CORROSION RATE CORROSION RATE ANODE Without MCI Admixture With MCI Admixture POTENTIAL CATHODE POTENTIAL ANODIC PROTECTION With MCI Admixture Without MCI Admixture CATHODIC PROTECTION Laboratory tet meaure the potential hift at both the anode and cathode. The combination of thee two protective mechanim lead to dramatic overall reduction in corroion activity. Anodic and Cathodic plot of corroion rate (µa/cm 2 ) veru Potential (mv) of reinforced concrete pecimen with and without Cortec MCI admixture.

4 How doe MCI Technology Work? Unprotected Steel MCI Protected Steel Chloride-Induced Corroion The corroive effect of carbonation and chloride caue a breakdown of the natural paivating protection of teel. When MCI come in contact with teel it form a protective layer. Thi layer ha been meaured (uing X-ray Photoelectron Spectrocopy XPS) to be between 20 and 100Å thick at the molecular level. MCI 2000 Actually Diplace Chloride Ion at the Steel Surface XPS Surface analyi teting ha alo proven MCI ability to diplace chloride ion from the urface of teel in chloride environment. Chloride Part Of XPS Spectrum Immerion In Seawater Cl(2p) Control (Untreated Concrete) MCI Treated Concrete E B (ev) Without With Note the almot complete elimination of chloride at the urface with MCI treatment.

5 For Durable Concrete Overlay... Migration Of Cortec MCI 2000 Serie I Key MCI admixture are unique in their ability to travel or migrate throughout the concrete. Thi migration occur via both liquid and vapor diffuion and ha been proven in concrete uing Secondary Neutron Ma Spectrocopy (SNMS) method. Migration Concentration Curve Inhibitor Concentration Ratio After 3 Day Inhibitor Concentration Ratio After 28 Day 0 1" 2" 3" Depth (inche) 0 1" 2" 3" Depth (inche) The rate of migration i dependent on the denity and permeability of the concrete and other factor. The migration of MCI amount to a ditance of about 7.5 cm within 7 day of initial application. Thi migration rate i relatively independent of the moiture content of the concrete. A a reult, MCI can alo help protect the original embedded rebar in deck receiving partial depth overlay.

6 Long-Term Corroion Studie Proven Effective In Long-Term Independent Tet The chemical tructure of MCI admixture i uch that they do not decompoe over an extended period of time, making them effective for period in exce of 34 year. Thi effectivene ha been proven in two long-term independent tet program: The Strategic Highway Reearch Program (SHRP) and Cracked Beam tudie baed on ASTM G 109. The SHRP Program The SHRP Program involved both lab teting and actual field intallation on bridge throughout the USA. In comparion to Polymer Modified Concrete Overlay, MCI treated concrete overlay demontrated a dramatic extenion of predicted ervice life. Predicted Service Life of Bridge Deck Polymer Modified Concrete 20 year MCI Treated Concrete 34 year Y e a r Cracked Beam Corroion Teting Cracked beam tet are baed on ASTM G 109. Thi i the tandard tet method for determining the effect of chemical admixture on the corroion of embedded teel reinforcement in concrete expoed to chloride environment. Concrete beam are cat and cracked, ome containing MCI admixture and other not (control beam). A alt water olution i then ponded and rined periodically over a 1-1/2 year period. Corroion current i meaured in microamp and compared. µa Control Beam Armatec MCI 2000 Beam Beam After 1-1/2 year of evere expoure corroion, activity ha ignificantly decreaed over control pecimen.

7 For Producing High Durability Concrete That Reit The Harmful Effect Of Corroion B MCI corroion inhibiting admixture do not compromie any of the phyical propertie of concrete at the recommended doage rate. Change in Air Content (%) MCI V. Control NS NS Air Entrained Non-Air Entrained Average Flexural Strength, MCI Compared to Control* Air Entrained Concrete () C Average Flexural Strength, MCI Compared to Control* Non-Air Entrained Concrete () Percent (%) Percent (%) Time (hr:min) 150 Control 120 NS NS 30 0 F F H 3 day 7 day 28 day Time elaped *Control equal 100% Average Compreive Strength, MCI Compared to Control* Air Entrained Concrete () Control 1 day 3 day 7 day 28 day 6 month 1 year NS NS Time elaped *Control equal 100% Average Setting Time, MCI v. Control*, Air Entrained Concrete MCI Set Time V. Control (Air Entrained Concrete) 9:36 Control* 8:24 7:12 NS MCI 6: :48 NS 3:36 2:24 1:12 0:00 Initial Set Final Set *Control i an average of et time from all control tet ample. Percent (%) Time (hr:min) 150 Control 120 NS MCI NS 30 0 G G 3 day 7 day Time elaped 28 day *Control equal 100% Average Compreive Strength, MCI Compared to Control* Non-Air Entrained Concrete () Control NS NS 40 MCI day day day day month year i Time elaped *Control equal 100% Average Setting Time, MCI v. Control*, Non-Air Entrained Concrete MCI Set Time V. Control (Non-Air Entrained Concrete) 10:48 Control* 9:36 MCI 8: NS 7:12 6:00 4:48 NS 3:36 2:24 1:12 0:00 Initial Set Final Set *Control i an average of et time from all control tet ample.

8 Cortec MCI Serie Dramatically Reduce Corroion In Concrete Structure. MCI Protect Your Invetment! Product Decription Doage rate Packaging Application Aminoalcohol Baed Liquid, aminoalcohol baed concrete admixture. 1 pt/yd 3 (0.62 l/m 3 ) 5 gal (19 l) pail, 55 gal (208 l) drum MCI Powder, fumed ilica/ combination. 3 lb/yd 3 (1.78 kg/m 3 ) 5 lb (2.3 kg) boxe, 50 lb (22.7 kg) and 100 lb (45.4 kg) drum. MCI Microilica/ lurry combination. 3-5 pt/yd 3 ( l/m 3 ) 5 gal (19 l) pail, 55 gal (208 l) drum Liquid, amine carboxylate baed concrete admixture. Can retard concrete etting time 3-4 hour at 70º F (21º C). Patented. 1.0 pt/yd 3 (0.6 1/m 3 ) 5 gal (19 l) pail, 55 gal (208 l) drum NS Liquid, normal et verion of. Patented. 1.5 pt/yd 3 (1.0 1/m 3 ) 5 gal (19 l) pail, 55 gal (208 l) drum Amine Carboxylate Baed MCI Grenade Powder, amine carboxylate baed concrete admixture. Can retard etting time 3-4 hour at 70º F (21º C). Patented. MCI NS powder pre-doed into water oluble bag for admixing into concrete. Patented. 1 lb/yd3 (0.6 kg/m 3 ) NS Powder, normal et verion of. Patented. 1 lb/yd 3 (0.6 kg/m 3 ) 5 lb (2.3 kg) boxe, 50 lb (22.7 kg) and 100 lb (45.4 kg) drum. 5 lb (2.3 kg) boxe, 50 lb (22.7 kg) and 100 lb (45.4 kg) drum. 1 grenade/yd 3 20 grenade/carton MCI Metric Grenade NS powder pre-doed into water oluble bag for admixing into concrete. Patented. 1 grenade/m 3 20 grenade/carton MCI Mini Grenade NS powder pre-doed into water oluble bag for admixing into mortar. Patented. 1 grenade/0.5 ft grenade/carton Superplaticizer with Amine Carboxylate Baed MCI MCI Liquid, melamine baed uperplaticizer with MCI. Patented. 3-4 pt/yd 3 (1.5-2 l/m 3 ) 5 gal (19 l) pail, 55 gal (208 l) drum MCI P Powder, polycarboxylate baed uperplaticizer with MCI. MCI ViaCorr MCI L Powder, polycarboxylate baed uperplaticizer for elf compacting, elf leveling concrete with MCI. Liquid, polycarboxylate baed uperplaticizer for elf compacting, elf leveling concrete with MCI oz/100 lb (5-9 kg/m 3 ) by weight of cement % by total weight of concrete mix % by total weight of concrete mix. 5 lb (2.3 kg) boxe, 50 lb (22.7 kg) and 100 lb (45.4 kg) drum. 5 lb (2.3 kg) boxe, 50 lb (22.7 kg) and 100 lb (45.4 kg) drum. 5 gal (19 l) pail, 55 gal (208 l) drum For ue in elf leveling, elf compacting concrete mix deign, particularly 'low' or 'no' lump application. Reinforced concrete tructure uch a bridge, parking garage, For ue in elf leveling, elf compacting concrete mix deign, particularly 'low' or 'no' lump application. Reinforced concrete tructure uch a bridge, parking garage, For ue in elf leveling, elf compacting concrete mix deign, particularly 'low' or 'no' lump application. Reinforced concrete tructure uch a bridge, parking garage, V i i t o u r w e b i t e f o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n o n M C I. w w w. C o r t e c m c i. c o m Total Corroion Control Cortec Corporation i dedicated to controlling corroion at ALL STAGES of a product life cycle. Cortec ha developed a divere range of corroion protection product including cleaner, metalworking fluid, water- and oil-baed coating and corroion inhibitor, rut remover, paint tripper, powder, packaging foam, paper, film and urface treatment and admixture for concrete. Contact Cortec for additional brochure and information. All tatement, technical information and recommendation contained herein are baed on tet Cortec Corporation believe to be reliable, but the accuracy or completene thereof i not guaranteed. Cortec Corporation warrant Cortec product will be free from defect when hipped to cutomer. Cortec Corporation obligation under thi warranty hall be limited to replacement of product that prove to be defective. To obtain replacement product under thi warranty, the cutomer mut notify Cortec Corporation of the claimed defect within ix month after hipment of product to cutomer. All freight charge for replacement product hall be paid by cutomer. Cortec Corporation hall have no liability for any injury, lo or damage ariing out of the ue of or the inability to ue the product. LIMITED WARRANTY BEFORE USING, USER SHALL DETERMINE THE SUITABILITY OF THE PRODUCT FOR ITS INTENDED USE, AND USER ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITY WHAT SOEVER IN CONNECTION THERE WITH. No repreentation or recommendation not contained herein hall have any force or effect unle in a written document igned by an officer of Cortec Corporation. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO CASE SHALL CORTEC CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. Q U A EXCELLENCE I T Y CORPORATION Environmentally Safe VpCI /MCI Technologie Ditributed by: 4119 White Bear Parkway, St. Paul, MN USA Phone (651) , Fax (651) Toll Free (800) 4-CORTEC, info@ cortecvci.com Internet Revied: 09/10 Superede: 02/09 Cortec, BioCorr, BioCortec, BioCuhion, Boiler Lizard, Cloed Loop Toad, Cooling Tower Frog, VpCI, VpCI Film Color of Blue, VpCI- 126, VpCI-609, VpCI-137, VmCI-307, EcoWork, EcoAir, Eco-Corr, EcoLine, EcoClean, EcoShield, EcoWeave, EcoSpray, EcoCoat, Eco Emitter, EcoSol, Eco-Tie, Eco-Card, Eco-Shrink, EcoWrap, Eco Film, Cor-Mitt, Cor-Pak, CorShield, CorSol, Corroorber, CorWipe, CorrVerter, Corr Seal, CorrLam, Corr-Fill, Corrlube, CRI, Deicorr, ElectriCorr, GalvaCorr, Super Corr, HPRS, CRI, MCI, MCI Grenade, Milcorr, Nano VpCI, and Rut Hunter are trademark of Cortec Corporation. Cortec Corporation All right reerved. 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