List of contributors Preface Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering

Transcription

1 List of contributors Preface Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering xi xv xix Part One Advances in composite manufacturing processes 1 1 Braiding processes for composites manufacture 3 B. Arold, A. Gessler, C. Metzner, K. Birkefeld 1.1 Introduction Braiding process Braiding automation and process industrialization Characteristics of braided CFRP Braiding process simulations Future trends 24 References 25 2 Knitting processes for composites manufacture 27 G. Dusserre, G. Bernhart 2.1 Introduction Knitting process description Permeability of knitted reinforcements Mechanical properties of knitted fabrics: Experiment and modeling Liquid molded composites reinforced with glass fiber knitted fabrics Conclusion 50 Acknowledgments 50 References 50 3 Weaving processes for composites manufacture 55 F. Boussu, C. Dufour, F. Veyet, M. Lefebvre 3.1 Introduction Observation and analysis of the weaving process Optimization of the weaving process to 3D warp interlock fabrics Fibre degradation during the 3D warp interlock weaving D warp interlock fabrics adapted to thermoforming process Conclusion 74 Acknowledgments 74 References 74

2 vi Contents 4 Fibre placement processes for composites manufacture 79 A. Crosky, C. Grant, D. Kelly, X. Legrand, G. Pearce 4.1 Introduction Industry drivers for fibre placement technology Fibre placement techniques Definition of reinforcement and fibre trajectories Industry uptake and future trends 90 References 91 5 Draping processes for composites manufacture 93 K. Potter, C. Ward 5.1 Introduction Historical perspective Fundamental deformation modes of composites reinforcements Practical application of reinforcement deformation modes in draping processes Development of drape simulation Current status of drape processes and simulation Automating the drape process Future needs in drape processes and simulation 107 References Thermoplastic composites manufacturing by thermoforming 111 R. Akkerman, S.P. Haanappel 6.1 Introduction Fabric-reinforced laminates Unidirectional reinforcements The next steps 126 Acknowledgements 128 References Three-dimensional composite manufacturing processes 131 B. Wendland, S. Ramaswamy, J. Schäfer, T. Gries 7.1 Braiding D weaving Nonwovens 139 References Chemical vapor deposition/infiltration processes for ceramic composites 147 G.L. Vignoles 8.1 Introduction Basic principle of CVI CVI chemistry CVI variations 158

3 vii 8.5 Materials produced by CVI in combination with other techniques Summary and outlook 163 References Machining and drilling processes in composites manufacture: Damage and material integrity 177 R. Zitoune, H. Bougherara 9.1 Introduction Methodology Results and discussion Conclusion and future developments 191 References Repairing composites 197 F. Collombet, Y.-H. Grunevald, L. Crouzeix, B. Douchin, R. Zitoune, Y. Davila, A. Cerisier, R. Thévenin 10.1 Introduction State of the field in aeronautics State of the field from a black metal approach to a global vision Description of the MITE toolbox Low-cost tools for large repair structures, prototypes, or one-off productions of repair patches Standard approach versus optimized patch 219 Acknowledgements 226 References 226 Part Two Mechanical behaviour of reinforcements and numerical simulation of processes in composites manufacturing Mechanical properties of textile reinforcements for composites 231 J.W.S Hearle 11.1 Introduction Fibre properties Yarn structure and properties Structure and properties of 2D woven fabrics Woven fabric forms in composites Structure and properties of other fabrics Challenges for the future Sources of information 249 Acknowledgement 249 References 250

4 viii Contents 12 Mechanical behaviour of non-crimp fabric (NCF) preforms in composite materials manufacturing 253 S. Bel 12.1 Introduction NCF preforms NCF stitching deformation Simulation of the NCF stitching Local stitching deformation of sewn NCF preforms Simulation of the assembly seam deformation Conclusion 267 Acknowledgements 267 References Epoxy/amine reactive systems for composites materials and their thermomechanical properties 269 A. Tcharkhtchi, F. Nony, S. Khelladi, J. Fitoussi, S. Farzaneh 13.1 Introduction Reactive epoxy/amine systems Epoxy/amine systems Thermomechanical behavior of epoxy/amine systems 279 References Finite element analysis of composite forming at macroscopic and mesoscopic scale 297 P. Boisse, N. Naouar, A. Charmetant 14.1 Introduction Specificities of composite material during forming Continuous approach for 3-D composite forming process analysis Simulation at the mesoscopic scale based on X-ray computed tomography analysis Conclusions 311 References Numerical simulation of flow processes in composites manufacturing 317 C.H. Park 15.1 Introduction Process models Resin flow analysis in the macroscopic scale Resin flow analysis in the mesoscopic or microscopic scale Conclusion and perspectives 370 References 371

5 ix 16 Pultrusion processes for composite manufacture 379 I. Baran 16.1 Introduction Thermochemical modeling Thermomechanical modeling Material characterization Application example Case studies: Industrial pultruded products Conclusions 408 References Modeling of chemical vapor infiltration processes 415 G.L. Vignoles 17.1 Introduction Process analysis and modeling strategy Analytical and simplified models Reactor-scale models Description of the porous media: Pore-scale modeling and up-scaling I-CVI of C/C composites I-CVI of CMCs Variations of CVI Summary and outlook 446 References 446 Index 459