Exactly your chemistry. Hostastat * HS 1. > Antistatic agent. Plastic Industries

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1 Exactly your chemistry. Hostastat * HS 1 > Antistatic agent Plastic Industries

2 Hostastat * HS 1 > Antistatic agent Contents Product range 2 Product range Applications internal 4 external 4 in PVC 5 in styrenics 6 in PE-LD 8 in engineering plastics 9 Safety data 13 Position under food regulations 13 Transport and storage 15 General information Hostastat HS 1 is incorporated into plastics as an internal antistatic agent or applied as an external antistat to avoid the negative effects of electro-static charges (e.g. attraction of dust, static discharge, splashing of printing inks). Hostastat HS 1, a sodium alkane sulfonate, is supplied as > Hostastat HS 1 FF (free flowing), pale yellow fine grain > Hostastat HS 1 Pills, yellowish granules > Hostastat HS 1 Pills Zn, yellowish granules coated with Zn-stearate as an anti tacking agent to prevent sticking of the granules 2

3 Due to the manufacturing process, Hostastat HS 1 is free from chloride ions. Hostastat HS 1 does therefore not contain sodium chloride which has negative properties by causing burned spots in polymer articles. The specifications contained in the following tables conform to our latest state of knowledge and are guaranteed by continuous quality control. Furthermore, we monitor other application properties, which cannot be expressed as technical specifications. This quality control ensures maximum reliability for processing and use of Hostastat HS 1. The management system of the Business Unit Additives received certification from the German Association for the Certification of Management Systems (DQS), indicating that the requirements of DIN EN ISO 91:2 and DIN EN ISO 141:1996 have been entirely fulfilled. 4 For determination of the following product data the DGF and DIN-ISO methods are applied. Small deviations may be found if the ASTM standards are applied. DGF Testing Methods can be obtained from: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, 7191 Stuttgart, Germany. Delivery specifications Alkane sulphonate [%] 9 Paraffin [%] 1 Sodium sulphate [%] 4-6 Water [%] 1 General properties These data do not constitute part of the delivery specifications. Melting point [ C] approx. 22 Bulk density [g/l] ~ 63 for pills ~ 69 for FF Test methods Melting point [ C] DIN Bulk density [g/l] DGF-H-II 2 b (65) Alkan sulphonate [%] DIN-ISO 2271 Paraffin [%] ISO 893 resp. 114 (pentane extraction) Sodium sulphate [%] DGF-H-III 8 Water [%] DIN Due to its high hygroscopicity Hostastat HS 1 should be used as quickly as possible and partially emptied containers should be carefully resealed after use (cfr. fig. 1). Absorption [%] Days Figure 1: Water absorption depending on the time. Water absorption at 5 C, 85 % rel, humidity. 3

4 Application Hostastat HS 1 as internal antistatic agent Due to the high insulating properties of most polymers they are prone to electrostatic charge accumulation. To facilitate dissipation of the charge, antistatic agents are incorporated. Surface resistivity [Ω] Sn-stabilized Pb-stabilized Ca/Zn-stabilized The effectiveness of an internal antistatic agent incorporated in the melt primarily depends on its molecular structure. This determines properties vital to the antistatic effect such as polarity and migration. The long-chain aliphatic groups in the Hostastat HS 1 molecule impart the required migration property to polar plastics while the polar group is responsible for their hygroscopic behaviour, by formation of a conductive layer with atmospheric moisture. The ionic character of the polar group leads to high conductivity of the surface film with Hostastat HS 1 under atmospheric moisture. without 1. phr * 2. phr * Figure 2: Surface resistance of Hostastat HS 1 in rigid PVC, using different stabilizers, according to DIN Test specimen: 1 mm pressed sheets, stored 3 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. Hostastat HS 1 as external antistatic agent Hostastat HS 1 is preferably used as an internal antistatic agent for polar plastics. Where incorporation into the polymer is not possible it can also be applied to the surface of the finished article (by spraying or dipping) in form of a 1 % aqueous solution of Hostastat HS 1 pills (which are dissolved to form a clear solution). In order to assure a homogeneous distribution of Hostastat HS 1 on the surface of the finished article, we recommend the additional use of.1 % of a flow control agent based on polyvinyl alcohol. The antistatic properties depend besides the chemical composition of the antistatic agent and the particular processing method also very strongly on the temperature and the air humidity. The glass transition temperature of the plastic has an impact on the achievable antistatic effect. In case of polymers with glass transition temperature ranges considerably above room temperature, permanent migration of antistatic agent throughout the service life of the articles does not generally take place. Half-life period [s] 4 2 without (> 18 sec).5 phr 1. phr Figure 3: Half-life period of Hostastat HS 1 in tin stabilized rigid PVC. Test specimen: 1 mm sheets, stored 1 day at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. *phr = Parts per hundred resin 4

5 Hostastat HS 1 in PVC Hostastat HS 1 is widely used as an internal antistatic agent for PVC. For this application Hostastat HS 1 FF is preferred. Since Hostastat HS 1 causes hazing of transparent polymers in the usual quantities of 1. phr* to 1.5 phr, its main use is in the manufacture of opaque PVC calendered films. Fig. 2 shows the antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in PVC depending on different stabilizers. For antistatic modification of thickwalled extruded and injection moulded articles made from rigid PVC, internal antistatic agents are less effective in the usual amounts (< 2 phr). We recommend either the external application of Hostastat HS 1 pills as a solution or the incorporation of 2-3 phr Hostastat HS 1 to achieve sufficient antistatic effects. In plasticized PVC, Hostastat HS 1 is used in amounts of 1 phr to 2 phr. Hazing occurs at concentrations higher than.3 phr. Surface resistivity [Ω] /1.5.5/1. 1./.5 1.5/. phr Hostastat FE 2/ phr Hostastat HS 1 Figure 4: Surface resistance of different combinations of Hostastat HS 1 and Hostastat FE 2 in rigid PVC (tin stabilized). Test specimen: 1 mm sheets, stored 3 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. As with all internal antistatic agents, too high addition rates can lead to overlubrification. The additional lubrication effect of Hostastat HS 1 therefore should be observed. 1 Hostastat HS 1 in combination with Hostastat FE 2 in rigid PVC The combination of Hostastat HS 1 with Hostastat FE 2 is preferred in order to maintain the transparency of PVC applications. The impairing influence of Hostastat HS 1 on the transparency of rigid PVC, e.g. PVC film is shown in figure 5. In order to produce transparent rigid PVC articles, the addition of Hostastat HS 1 should not exceed.3 phr. A combination of.3 phr Hostastat HS 1 with 1. phr Hostastat FE 2 has proved successful to maintain transparency (cfr. fig. 4). Transparency [s] 5./1.5.5/1. 1./.5 1.5/. phr Hostastat FE 2/ phr Hostastat HS 1 2. mm 1. mm.5 mm Figure 5: Transparency of different combinations of Hostastat FE 2 and Hostastat HS 1. *phr = Parts per hundred resin 5

6 Hostastat HS 1 in semi-rigid PVC In semi-rigid PVC the antistatic performance of Hostastat HS 1 is remarkably good. The individual performance is depending on the stabilisation system and the plasticiser content (fig. 6). Hostastat HS 1 in plasticized PVC Besides Hostastat HS 1, also Hostastat FE 2 can be recommended as an alternative in plasticised PVC depending on the stabilisation system and plasticiser content (fig. 7). Surface resistance [Ω] Sn-stabilized Pb-stabilized Ca/Zn-stabilized without 1. phr 2. phr Figure 6: Surface resistance of Hostastat HS 1 in semi rigid PVC according to DIN Test specimen: 1 mm pressed sheets, stored 3 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity Surface resistance [Ω] Sn-stabilized Pb-stabilized Ca/Zn-stabilized without 1. phr HS 1 2. phr HS 1 1. phr FE 2 2. phr FE 2 Figure 7: Surface resistance of Hostastat HS 1 and Hostastat FE 2 in plasticized PVC according to DIN Test specimen: 1 mm pressed sheets, stored 3 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. Hostastat HS 1 in styrenic polymers Another important application for Hostastat HS 1 is the use as an antistatic agent in polystyrene. With an average amount of 2-3 phr Hostastat HS 1 is also suitable for PS-Compounds. Surface resistance [Ω] without 2. phr 3. phr Figure 8: Surface resistance of Hostastat HS 1 in PS-GP according to DIN Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 1 day at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 6

7 Half-life period [s] 4 2 If the incorporation of Hostastat HS 1 is not possible because of the intended processing equipment, Clariant Masterbatch Division offers a granulated masterbatch consisting of Hostastat HS 1 and polystyrene under the designation CESAstar 331. without (> 18 sec) 2. phr 3. phr The addition of Hostastat HS 1 in amounts >.3 phr causes hazing in transparent PS articles. Figure 9: Half-life period of Hostastat HS 1 in PS-GP. Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 1 day at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. Figs show the antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in PS and PS-HI Surface resistance [Ω] without 2. phr 3. phr Figure 1: Surface resistance of Hostastat HS 1 in PS-HI according to DIN Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 1 day at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 4 Half-life period [s] 2 without (> 18 sec) 2. phr 3. phr Figure 11: Half-life period of Hostastat HS 1 in PS-HI. Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 1 day at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 7

8 Surface resistance [Ω] Hostastat HS 1 in ABS For styrenic copolymers such as ABS, Hostastat HS 1 is added in concentrations of 2-3 phr. Figs. 12 and 13 show the antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in ABS. 1 9 without 2. phr 3. phr Figure 12: Surface resistance of Hostastat HS 1 in ABS according to DIN Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 1 day at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 6 Half-life period [s] 3 without (>18 sec) 2. phr 3. phr Figure 13: Half-life period of Hostastat HS 1 in ABS. Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 1 day at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. Surface resistance [Ω] Hostastat HS 1 in PE-LD Hostastat HS 1 is also suitable for antistatic modification of polyolefins, particularly polyethylene (PE-LD). Additionally it improves the flow of the polymer melt during processing. Hostastat HS 1 is generally added in amounts of 1-2 phr. 1 9 without 1. phr 2. phr Figure 14: Surface resistance of Hostastat HS 1 in PE-LD according to DIN Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 8 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 8

9 4 In contrast to the applications described above, in which Hostastat HS 1 is used in polymers with a high Half-life period [s] 2 glass transition temperature (PVC, PS, ABS), in antistatic-modified polyethylene articles the antistatic agent is able to migrate continuously to the surface over a long period of without (>18 sec) 2. phr 3. phr time and provides therefore a long-lasting antistatic effect. Figure 15: Half-life period of Hostastat HS 1 in PE-LD. Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 8 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. Figs. 14 and 15 show the effect of Hostastat HS 1 in PE-LD. Surface resistance [Ω] without 1. phr Figure 16: Surface resistance of Hostastat HS 1 in TPU according to DIN Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 5 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. Hostastat HS 1 in engineering plastics Apart from the polymers described before, Hostastat HS 1 also shows antistatic effects in engineering plastics, such as: TPU Usual addition rates in TPU range from 1-2 phr, where in most cases 1 phr provides sufficient antistatic properties in TPU. 12 Half-life period [s] 6 without (>18 sec) 1. phr Figure 17: Half-life period of Hostastat HS 1 in TPU. Test specimen: 1 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 5 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 9

10 Polyamide (PA 6.6) Although polyamides, because of their 1 15 >18 s 1 hygroscopic character, normally do not require the application of antistatic agents, the addition of Hostastat HS 1 shows positive results (fig. 18). Addition rates are usually between Surface resistance [Ω] Half-life period [s] 2 and 3 phr. The influence on the yellowness index and L-value can be 1 9 without 1 phr 2 phr 3 phr regarded as negligible (fig. 19). Figure 18: Influence of Hostastat HS 1 on the surface resistance and half-life period of PA mm injection moulded plates, pregranulated, after 2 days storage at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity Yellowness index 8 3 L-value without 1 phr 2 phr 3 phr Figure 19: Influence of Hostastat HS 1 on the yellowness index and and the L-value of PA mm injection moulded plates, pregranulated, after 2 days storage at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 1

11 1 15 >18 s >18 s 1 Polybutyleneterephtalate (PBT) PBT with Hostastat HS 1 shows good Surface resistance [Ω] Half-life period [s] antistatic behaviour without impairing the yellowness index even at concentrations up to 3 phr (figs. 2 and 21). 1 9 without 1. phr 2. phr 3. phr Figure 2: Influence of Hostastat HS 1 on the surface resistance and half-life period of PBT. 2 mm injection moulded plates, pregranulated, after 2 days storage at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 8 Yellowness index 4 without 1. phr 2. phr 3. phr Figure 21: Influence of Hostastat HS 1 on the yellowness index of PBT. Test specimen: 2 mm injection moulded plates, pregranulated, after 2 days storage at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 11

12 Surface resistance [Ω] Polyacetal (POM) In polyacetal polymers (POM) Hostastat HS 1 shows also good antistatic properties in concentrations up to 2 phr. 1 9 without 1. phr 2. phr Figure 22: Influence of Hostastat HS 1 on the surface resistance of polyacetal co-polymer (POM) according to DIN Test specimen: 2 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 2 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 12 Half-life period [s] 6 without (>18 sec) 1. phr 2. phr Figure 23: Influence of Hostastat HS 1 on the half-life period of polyacetal co-polymer (POM). Test specimen: 2 mm injection moulded sheets, stored 2 days at 23 C and 5 % rel. humidity. 12 Hostastat HS 1 as lubricant Hostastat HS 1 acts also as external lubricant in polymers. Volatility [%] Temperature [ C] /isotherm at 3 C Due to the extreme low volatility (cfr. fig. 24), even at high processing temperatures, Hostastat HS 1 is a very good lubricant for high temperature engineering resins like PPS or PPO that are processed at elevated temperatures. Figure 24: Volatility of Hostastat HS 1. Weight: 5 mg, heating speed: 2 K/min,,5 ml/min air. 12

13 Safety data A safety data sheet, providing additional information concerning the safe handling of Hostastat HS 1 is available upon request. Toxicological properties Hostastat HS 1 shows an acute oral toxicity of 5-2 mg/kg (rat). Ecological properties Hostastat HS 1 must not be discharged into wastewater as it has a fish toxicity of the order of 1-1 mg/l. Biodegradability is 9 %. Status under the German federal regulations on dangerous substances (Gefahrstoff-Verordnung) According to the German Federal Regulations on Dangerous Substances (GefStoffV) Hostastat HS 1 is classified as harmful and requires warning label X N, R22, R38, R41. For further information please refer to the Safety Data Sheet. Due to the danger of skin and mucous membrane irritation, protective goggles and gloves must be worn when working with Hostastat HS 1. Status under the German chemicals law Hoststat HS 1 is listed in the EINECS inventory. CAS-number Hostastat HS 1 [ ] Status under food legislation Hostastat HS 1 has food approval in the Federal Republic of Germany and the USA according to the following regulations. Federal Republic of Germany, Recommendation of the Plastics Committee of the German Federal Health Office Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinaermedizin (BgVV). 13

14 Recommendation Polymer Max. concentration (% w/ w) EU [21/62/EC (6 th Amendment of 9/128/EEC) under PM Ref n 3423] for all plastics 6 mg/kg (SML)* Germany (BgVV) I Plasticized PVC 3. II Rigid PVC 3. III PE 1.5 V PS 2.5 VI Styrene copolymers 2.5 VII PP.1 XXII PMMA 2.5 XXXIV PVDC 3. XXXV Copolymers of ethylene, butylene 3. KTW Recommendation Part 1/3/1 3. USA (Code of Federal Regulations) PO film.1 PS and copolymers Emulsifiers and/or surface active agents 2. UK (BPF/ BIBRA-Code of Practice) Plastics in general 3. France (Journal Officiel Repression des Fraudes Lettre Circulaire ) Plastics in general 3. Japan (Code of Japan Hygienic Associations Positive List) PVC 2. PE 3. PP 3. PS 3. ABS 3. We will provide further information on food approval for Hostastat HS 1 in other countries on request. *SML = Specific migration limit 14

15 Transport and storage Packaging Hostastat HS 1 FF 2 kg (net) PE bags Hostastat HS 1 pills 25 kg (net) PE bags Hostastat HS 1 pills ZN 25 kg (net) PE bags 5 kg pallets Storage Hostastat HS 1 should be stored in a dry place at room temperature. Because of its hygroscopic nature, Hostastat HS 1 must be protected from moisture. Partially emptied containers should be carefully sealed immediately after use. When obeying the above mentioned instructions, the closed bundles can be stored for at least 6 months. Dispatch, Transport Hoststat HS 1 is not a dangerous substance as defined by these regulations: GGVE, RID; GGVS, ADR; ADNR; IMDG-Code; ICAO/IARA-Code. 15

16 Please note This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale. = Trademark of Clariant registered in numerous countries * = Trademark registered in numerous countries and licensed to Clariant Edition: May 23/DK/CL/Dr. AxL/K 222 GB REG-NO. DE Clariant Gersthofen GmbH Division Pigments & Additives BU Plastic Industries P.O. Box Augsburg Germany Clariant Huningue Division Pigments & Additives BU Plastic Industries Boîte Postale Huningue France Phone: +49/8 21/4 79- Fax: +49/8 21/ Internet: Phone: +33/3/ Telefax: +33/3/ Internet: