Technical Paper THE USE OF CONDUCTIMETRY TO CHARACTERIZE THE REACTIVITY OF HIGH ALUMINA CEMENTS
|
|
- Randell Blake
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF- Page : /8 THE USE OF CONDUCTIMETRY TO CHARACTERIZE THE REACTIVITY OF HIGH ALUMINA CEMENTS by Thomas A. BIER, Alain MATHIEU, Bruno ESPINOSA, Jean-Pierre BAYOUX presented at the UNITECR Congress; 99. Tel : () Fax : ()
2 Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF- Page : /8 Abstract For the development of LCC formulations the reactivity of the Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) used becomes an important parameter besides the behaviour of the other components. A fast, reproducible method which can characterize the cement reliably and with sufficient resolution is needed. This paper presents the conductivity as such a method. Conductivity in this context is the monitoring of the dissolution (anhydrous) and precipitation (hydrates) kinetics of a CAC suspension. The results obtained allow a reliable prediction of macroscopic properties of the cement. It should also be an interesting tool to study the influence of CAC in a more complex system such as a mixture of different binders. This study shows first the influence of experimental parameters and the reproducibility which can be obtained with the method. Correlation with macroscopic properties such as rheology and setting time are given. The results are discussed with respect to mineralogy of the cement used and model systems consisting of pure phases. Ramifications of the method towards a fast, reliable characterization of reactivity even in mixed systems are given. Tel : () Fax : ()
3 Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF- Page : /8 Introduction Hydraulic and rheological properties of cements are generally characterized by classical methods. That is to say by methods which were developed phenomenologically and which are closely related to the applications. For high duty CAC's these methods were mostly used to characterize the cement to be used in conventional castables (about % cement). Figure shows a sketch of these classical methods and the properties they are measuring. The sketch also shows influences of a characteristic property on several parameters. In this sense reactivity and rheology are both related to the beginning of set, and strength more to the end of set. Nevertheless the results obtained allow a good prediction of the behaviour of the cement in a conventional mix. Reactivity Mechanical strenght Rheology setting time begin end cold crushing strength LCPC ASTM flow Figure - Classical methods for testing of cement With the development of LCC mixes the generic composition of such a refractory has changed as it is shown in Figure. cement ab. 5% fine, reactive fillers aggregates Figure - Main components of a LCC mix admixtures ab. % Three things distinguish a LCC mix from a CC mix what the composition is concerned: reduction of cement content - the cement can even be considered as a chemical reagent; introduction of fine reactive fillers such as silica fume or reactive alumina; addition of admixtures such as deflocculants, accelerators and retarders. All three components are chemically reactive and influence each others' behaviour. As a consequence the result of a classical cement mortar or concrete test does not necessarily predict the behaviour of the whole mixture. Testing has to be done on the final product which can consume quite some time if all possible combinations need to be checked. To facilitate the study of the reactivity of cement and the interactions with other chemicals, the conductivity has been explored. It turned out to be a fast, sensitive and well reproducible method. Results for different cements as well as the influence of admixtures and fine fillers are given and discussed. Conductivity - History The measurement of conductivity as a function of time in an aqueous suspension has been one of the parameters studied with the so-called "chemical reactor" //. Other parameters are temperature, ph, ion concentration in solution and hydrates formed in the precipitate. All these parameters together allow the development of ideas about what is happening upon dissolution of the anhydrous and more important upon subsequent formation of hydrates. It turned out that the measurement of conductivity alone - although not giving the abundance of information provided by the chemical reactor - is in phase with other parameters where evolution in time is concerned. It allows already an accurate and easy characterization of the materials (cements) behaviour. Tel : () Fax : ()
4 Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF- Page : 4/8 - Description of the method With of-the-shelf equipment the conductivity is measured in a constantly stirred suspension, for example at W/C =, as a function of time. By means of a double walled beaker connected to a cooling bath the suspension is kept at a temperature of C. If the specific surface area of the cement is kept constant and the measurements are carried out according to the same procedures the results obtained are very reproducible with coefficients of variation around -%. A schematic of the experimental set-up is given in Figure and an idealized curve is given in Figure 4. For comparison the Ca-ion concentration and the LOI on the precipitate (bound water) are included in the diagram. The additional parameters come from chemical reactor measurements. Cement Suspension Stirrer Conductivity Probe Arbitrary Units 4 I II Ca Conductivity LOI Figure 4 - Typical conductivity curve as compared to Ca-ion concentration and bound water (LOI) Three different periods which correspond to different phases can be distinguished for all parameters: I- Dissolution of the anhydrous cement II- Induction period (germ formation) III- Massive precipitation of hydrates (setting) III to cooling circuit double walled beaker Conductivity meter Depending on the chemical and mineralogical composition of a cement or a mixture of various reactive ingredients these curves show changed characteristics, which can explain to a certain extent their macroscopic behaviour. from cooling circuit Figure - Experimental set-up for the conductivity measurements Tel : () Fax : ()
5 Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF- Page : 5/8 Results - Model Systems To see the influence of different mineralogical phases present in a CAC the conductivity has been measured for the pure phases CA and CA7 as well as for mixtures thereof. The resulting curves are given in Figure 5. CA7 CA CA + % CA7 CA + 5% CA7 CA + % CA7 Figure 5 - Conductivity curves for CA, CA7 and their mixtures In these graphs only periods I and II are given. The CA shows basically the same curve as the schematic curve in Figure 4 - the conductivity reaches a plateau after a fairly quick initial dissolution (= initial reactivity). The CA7 starts with a much faster dissolution (= higher initial reactivity) indicated by the almost vertical slope, then the conductivity drops and further regains the plateau. This drop represents the early precipitation of CAH8 from a supersaturated solution and can be observed macroscopically as an early stiffening. Due to their shape these drops in conductivity will be referred to as "ears". After the ear a behaviour similar to that of the pure CA can be observed. If CA7 is mixed to CA a faster dissolution of ions due to the different C/A ratio is achieved. For small amounts this results in curves a little bit above that of the CA. With increasing amounts, however, the ears start to occur - usually at later times, but at the same level of conductivity which corresponds to the over saturation of the solution. - Pure Cements Data on alumina cements of Ciment Fondu type have been published earlier //. The curves in Figure 6 show a comparison between a CAC (7% AlO) and Ciment Fondu. HAC from CA - CA7 clinker HAC from CA - CA clinker FONDU Figure 6 - Comparison between conductivity curves of low (4% AlO) and 7% AlO cements. The two 7% AlO cements show different reactivity due to the different mineralogy. The one with CA7 comes close to the Ciment Fondu type cement, but does not show an ear and dissolves more rapidly during the first minute. The CA - CA cement has a lower level of reactivity. These differences in reactivity as observed by the conductivity curves can also be picked up by macroscopic parameters. Table shows a comparison of three different CAC's characterized by setting time, ASTM flow at minutes, C A7 content and conductivity characterized by the min value. A consistent picture is obtained. The higher the CA7 content, the higher the initial reactivity ( min conductivity value), the shorter the setting time and the lower the ASTM flow at minutes, which represents a tendency towards stiffening. Tel : () Fax : ()
6 Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF- Page : 6/8 Sample CA7 (%) Cond. min (ms/cm) Set (min) Flow (%) - Cements with other reactive components -- Admixtures LS,,4 9 6 LS 4,8, LS 6,5, 7 5 Table - Comparison of different properties for various CAC's For a larger population of different alumina cements similar relations were observed between the min conductivity and the ASTM flow value. This is demonstrated in Figure 7. ASTM Flow Value (%),5 ASTM ASTM,,5, Conductivity at minutes (ms/cm) Figure 7 - Correlation between workability expressed as ASTM flow and reactivity measured by conductivity It is clear that even without considering the individual chemical and mineralogical compositions of the alumina cements used, the conductivity at minutes shows satisfactory ability to evaluate a cement where its behaviour in an application is concerned. For more complex interactions as they take place between the components of a LCC mix for example, conductivity curves can also help to evaluate the impact on macroscopic behaviour.,5 The influence of admixtures to the Ciment Fondu system such as lithium carbonate and sodium gluconate has been shown in an earlier paper presented at the last UNITECR conference //. For a Secar 7 CAC the influence of a tripolyphosphate (TPP) according to // is demonstrated in Figure 8. 4 CAC +.5% TPP pure CAC CAC +.75% TPP HAC +.4% TPP Figure 8 - Calcium Aluminate Cement with different additions of TPP The addition of TPP, besides the deflocculating effect, retards the dissolution kinetics. Also, the effect of an overdose of TPP and the resulting increase of initial reactivity can be seen quite clearly. -- Fine, reactive fillers Reactive Alumina The influence of two fine alumina with different reactivities is shown for the model system from Figure 5 for the CA - % CA7 mix. The same effects have been observed for the more realistic 5% CA7 mixture but for reasons of clarity the more pronounced effects of the more concentrated system are displayed here in Figure 9. Tel : () Fax : ()
7 Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF- Page : 7/8 4 CAC + SF CA CA + % CA7 CA +%CA7+ Alumina (BET=m/g) CA + % CA7+Alumina (BET=7,9 m/g) CAC + SF pure CAC 5 Figure 9 - The system CA - % CA7 with different aluminas Compared to the curve without alumina addition, the reactive alumina extends the time until the ears appear. In terms of ions in solution this means that saturation or super saturation is reached later. This is due to the fact that the aluminas can adsorb part of the Ca-ions in the solution, as is show in another paper presented here //. This Ca-ion uptake is proportional to the BET surface area of the corresponding alumina which explains the more pronounced effect for the alumina #. It should be kept in mind, however, that effects of flocculation and deflocculation play an important role in such systems and reactivity measurements have to be complimented by methods which evaluate inter particle forces. Silica fume The influence of silica fume (SF) on hydration behaviour has been presented earlier //, mostly observed by other methods. The same effects can be seen by the conductivity. Figure shows the effect of two different silica fumes on the hydration behaviour of a CAC. A more pronounced retardation as for the TPP in Figure 8 is observed for the initial reactivity (low level plateau). On the other hand the massive precipitation (hydration) is accelerated as compared to the pure cement, an effect measured also by calorimetry //. 5 Figure - Influence of SF additions to Secar 7 on conductivity Silica fume and TPP 4 CAC + SF +.5% TPP CAC + SF +.75% TPP CAC + SF CAC + SF +,4% TPP Figure - Adjustment of conductivity curves for a S7/SF mix with the addition of TPP The effect of a strong retardation in the initial phase, but early hydration afterwards with SF can be controlled by TPP (or other deflocculants) as is usual practice in LCC formulation. The influence of the deflocculation itself is not taken into account. An example for such adjustments is given in Figure. The addition of TPP extends the low level plateau, which would mean a low reactivity and good workability (,4 and.75%). At the same time the beginning of hydration is not to much extended compared to the pure cement. Tel : () Fax : ()
8 Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF- Page : 8/8 4 Discussions and conclusions The conductivity as described herein is a quick test to evaluate the reactivity of a cement. This reactivity can be evaluated because the conductivity is strongly related to the kinetics of dissolution and precipitation of the ions in solution. With model systems the contribution of the differently hydraulic phases such as CA, CA and CA7 can be understood. The effects of these phases on macroscopic behaviour like ASTM flow and setting time is known. Therefore the conductivity can also be related to macroscopic properties as it has been demonstrated for the case of the ASTM flow. These insights from model systems and pure cement behaviour can, to a certain extend, be transferred to systems made up of several hydraulic, active ingredients. For refractories we find these systems for example in LCC applications. In this sense the conductivity might turn out to be a very helpful tool to study complex binder. It should be pointed out, however, that not all effects can be measured by a simple reactivity test. As already mentioned flocculation and deflocculation phenomena have to be looked at with different methods. Also, it should be kept in mind that the use of the conductivity on a routine basis demands a good knowledge of the systems dealt with. This means that the correlation between conductivity and properties have to be established first. The results obtained are in good correlation with important macroscopic properties; It can also be applied to complex binders. 5 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all co-workers at Lafarge Fondu International and Lafarge Coppée Recherche who contributed to the studies which led to this paper. Special thanks to M. S. Sabio who carried out most of the conductivity work and invested his efforts to develop the method as an useful tool. 6 Literature // D.Sorrentino, J.P.Bayoux, R. Montgomery, A. Mathieu and A. Capmas; "The effect of sodium gluconate and lithium carbonate on the properties of calcium aluminate cements"; UNITECR 99. // J.P. Bayoux, C.M. George and J.P. Letourneux; "Theory and practice of fume silica - aluminous cement interactions" - Part II. // A. Mathieu, A. Capmas, J.P. Bayoux and D. Richon; "Calcium aluminates cement and reactive alumina"; UNITECR 99. In conclusion the conductivity can be summarized as follows: It is a fast, reproducible method; It is sensitive and might reveal differences which cannot be picked up by conventional methods; It gives information on the hydration mechanisms; It allows reactivity to be measured in a simple, direct way; Tel : () Fax : ()
NEW ALUMINATE BINDERS AND SYSTEMS FOR REFRACTORY MONOLITHICS
Reference : TP-GB-RE-LAF-8 Page : 1/11 NEW ALUMINATE BINDERS AND SYSTEMS FOR REFRACTORY MONOLITHICS C. Parr*, J.M. Auvray, H. Fryda, Ch. Wöhrmeyer Kerneos SA, Paris, France Presented at 8 th India International
More informationTechnical Paper HIGH PURITY CALCIUM ALUMINATE BINDERS FOR DEMANDING HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
Page : 1/14 HIGH PURITY CALCIUM ALUMINATE BINDERS FOR DEMANDING HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS C. PARR, D. VEYRAT and Ch. WÖHRMEYER Kerneos SA, 8 rue des Graviers, Neuilly sur Seine, 92521, France J. P.
More informationTechnical Paper. New Additives For High Purity Reduced Cement. G. Assis, H. Fryda, S. Li and C. Parr. Kerneos SA, Paris, France
Page : 1/9 New Additives For High Purity Reduced Cement Castable Systems G. Assis, H. Fryda, S. Li and C. Parr SA, Paris, France Presented at Alafar Conference, Lima, Peru, December 2010 Page : 2/9 1 Introduction
More informationAging behaviour of Alphabond and Calcium Aluminate Cement bonded castables
Aging behaviour of Alphabond and Calcium Aluminate Cement bonded castables Dagmar Gierisch*, Andreas Buhr, Jerry Dutton Almatis GmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany Margarete Hösler, Brunhilde Franz RHI Urmitz
More informationComparison of Silica-sol and Low Cement Bonded Tabular Alumina and Spinel Castables
Comparison of Silica-sol and Low Cement Bonded Tabular Alumina and Spinel Castables TIAN Zhongkai 1 *, LONG Bin 1, ZHOU Yunpeng 1, ZHANG Lanyin 1, KLAUS Sebastian 2, BUHR Andreas 2 1 Qingdao Almatis Co.
More informationINTERCERAM REFRACTORIES MANUAL II/2014. Review PaPeRs
INTERCERAM REFRACTORIES MANUAL II/2014 281 M. Schnabel 1, A. Buhr 1, R. Kockegey-Lorenz 2, D. Schmidtmeier 2, J. Dutton 3 Benefit of Matrix Alumina and Modern Dispersing Systems in Low Cement Castables
More informationQUICK DRYING CASTABLES BASED UPON 80% ALUMINA CEMENTS
Page : 1/11 QUICK DRYING CASTABLES BASED UPON 80% ALUMINA CEMENTS C. Parr*, C. Alt, J.M. Auvray, H. Fryda, Ch. Wöhrmeyer Kerneos SA, Paris, France Presented at 46 th Symposium on Refractories, Saint Louis,
More informationCEMENT HYDRATION AND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT HOW CAN REPRODUCIBLE RESULTS BE ACHIEVED?
CEMENT HYDRATION AND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT HOW CAN REPRODUCIBLE RESULTS BE ACHIEVED? Schmidtmeier, Dagmar*; Buhr, Andreas, all Almatis GmbH, Germany Wams, Geert; Kuiper, Stefan, Almatis B.V., The Netherlands
More informationProceeding 232 THE VALUE OF ADDITIVES IN REFRACTORY CASTABLES CASTABLES WITHOUT SILICA FUME
Proceeding 232 THE VALUE OF ADDITIVES IN REFRACTORY CASTABLES CASTABLES WITHOUT SILICA FUME Rainer Kockegey-Lorenz, Andreas Buhr, Dagmar Schmidtmeier, Almatis GmbH, Frankfurt/Ludwigshafen, Germany Zhongkai
More informationComparison of Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete Containing Finely Ground Glass Powder, Fly Ash, or Silica Fume
Article Comparison of Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete Containing Finely Ground Glass Powder, Fly Ash, or Silica Fume Rungrawee Wattanapornprom a, and Boonchai Stitmannaithum b Faculty of Engineering,
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF CEMENT DOSAGE ON THE QUALITY PERFORMANCES OF SPECIAL REFRACTORY CONCRETES
THE INFLUENCE OF CEMENT DOSAGE ON THE QUALITY PERFORMANCES OF SPECIAL REFRACTORY CONCRETES Nicolae ANGELESCU, Cristina IONIŢĂ VALAHIA University of Targoviste, # 2, Carol I Blvd., Code 130024, Targoviste,
More informationChemical Activation of Low Calcium Fly Ash Part 1: Identification of Suitable Activators and their Dosage
Chemical Activation of Low Calcium Fly Ash Part 1: Identification of Suitable Activators and their Dosage P. Arjunan 1, M. R. Silsbee 2, and D. M. Roy 2, 1 Custom Building Products, 6515, Salt Lake Ave,
More informationThe Hydration Products of a Refractory Calcium Aluminate Cement at Intermediate Temperatures
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. Vol. 26, No.3, 2007 The Hydration Products of a Refractory Calcium Aluminate Cement at Intermediate Temperatures Nilforoushan, Mohammad Reza* + ; Talebian, Nasrien Islamic Azad
More informationCIMENT FONDU. Special cement for concrete and mortar solutions
Special cement for concrete and mortar solutions >> Rapid return to service Rapid hardening: more than 25 MPa in 6 hours Ciment Fondu mortars and concretes are very rapid hardening, with a setting time
More informationPOLYCARBOXYLATE ETHER BASED SUPERPLASTICISER FOR CALCIUM ALUMINATE CEMENT MORTARS
POLYCARBOXYLATE ETHER BASED SUPERPLASTICISER FOR CALCIUM ALUMINATE CEMENT MORTARS N. UKRAINCZYK, J. SIPUSIC and N. VRBOS Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev
More informationAdmixtures in Concrete
Admixtures in Concrete ADMIXTURES A material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cements used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar and added to the batch immediately before or during mixing.
More informationTHE C 3 A - GYPSUM SYSTEM IN ALKALI SULFATE SOLUTIONS
Original papers THE C 3 A - GYPSUM SYSTEM IN ALKALI SULFATE SOLUTIONS HANAA YOUSSEF GHORAB, ADEL ANTAR*, MONA AHMED NOURELDEEN TAHA* Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan,
More informationALKALI SILICA REACTION MITIGATING PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED CEMENT WITH CALCINED CLAY AND LIMESTONE.
ALKALI SILICA REACTION MITIGATING PROPERTIES OF TERNARY BLENDED CEMENT WITH CALCINED CLAY AND LIMESTONE. Aurélie R. Favier, Cyrille F. Dunant, Karen L. Scrivener EPFL-STI-IMX LMC, Station12, CH-1015 Lausanne,
More informationSOME PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE HEAT OF HYDRATION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG CEMENT
ENSET Oran (Algeria) - October 12-14, 29 SOME PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE HEAT OF HYDRATION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG CEMENT A. Bougara 1, J. Khatib 2, H. Khellafi 3 T. 4. Durability of materials and structures
More informationThe Effect of Local Available Materials on the Properties of Concrete
International Journal of Life Science and Engineering Vol. 1, No. 4, 2015, pp. 140-144 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijlse The Effect of Local Available Materials on the Properties of Concrete Salahaldein
More informationChemical Admixtures for Concrete. ACCELERATORS Özge Andiç Çakır, PhD
Chemical Admixtures for Concrete ACCELERATORS Özge Andiç Çakır, PhD Accelerators: Definition An accelerating admixture is a material that is added to concrete for reducing the time of setting and accelerating
More informationThe Effect of Cement Hydration on the Release Mechanism of Soluble Chromates
The Effect of Cement Hydration on the Release Mechanism of Soluble Chromates M.Magistri 1, T.Cerulli 1, D.Padovani 1, F.Cella 1, A.Lo Presti 2 1 Mapei S.p.A., Milan, Italy; 2 University of Milan, Milan,
More informationRHI Refractory Solutions - a Reliable Partner for the Ferroalloys Industry
RHI Refractory Solutions - a Reliable Partner for the Ferroalloys Industry Ch.Wenzl 1 and A. Spanring 1 1 RHI AG Vienna, Wienerbergstrasse 9, 1100 Vienna, Austria; christine.wenzl@rhi-ag.com ABSTRACT RHI
More informationMINERAL ADMIXTURES IN CONCRETE
MINERAL ADMIXTURES IN CONCRETE by Dr J D BAPAT Seminar on Admixtures in Concrete 28 June 2011 Institution of Engineers, Shivajinagar Pune, Maharashtra, India FOREWORD THIS PRESENTATION GIVES BRIEF VIEW
More informationProperties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete
CIVL 1112 Contrete Introduction from CIVL 1101 1/10 Concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of Portland cement, water, and aggregates. While cement in one form or another has been
More informationReview of Matrix Aluminas for Refractory Formulations
2-B2-9 Review of Matrix Aluminas for Refractory Formulations Rainer Kockegey-Lorenz*, Andreas Buhr Almatis GmbH, Ludwigshafen/Frankfurt, Germany Dale Zacherl Almatis Inc., Leetsdale, USA Bin Long Qingdao
More informationMost castables and gun mixes. Better Refractories through NANOTECHNOLOGY
SPECIAL FOCUS REFRACTORIES A robot applies the colloidal silica bonded shotcrete material to a blast furnace. Better Refractories through NANOTECHNOLOGY by Michael Anderson, Senior Research Engineer, Magneco/
More informationHANDS-ON TRAINING: MATERIALS AND MIX DESIGN
Fundamentals of Concrete HANDS-ON TRAINING: MATERIALS AND MIX DESIGN LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completing this program, the participant should be able to: 1. Identify the common materials used for concrete
More informationEvaluation of Australian cement reactivity in accelerated shotcrete
Ground Support 2013 Y. Potvin and B. Brady (eds) 2013 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9806154-7-0 https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/1304_42_boon/ Evaluation of Australian cement reactivity
More informationInfluence of Tertiary Alkanolamines on the Hydration of Portland Cement. Josephine Cheung
Influence of Tertiary Alkanolamines on the Hydration of Portland Cement Josephine Cheung July 27 29, 2009 Outline Review of structures, impact on set and strength performances, mechanisms to explain performances
More informationOptimisation of Blended Cements Performances by the use of Grinding Aids
Optimisation of Blended Cements Performances by the use of Grinding Aids Matteo Magistri 1, Davide Padovani 1, Paolo Forni 1 1 Mapei SpA, Milan, Italy Abstract The use of mineral additions such as limestone,
More informationCeramic Processing Research
Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 539~544 (2014) J O U R N A L O F Ceramic Processing Research Influence of lead and chromium ions as toxic heavy metals between AFt and AFm phases
More informationEttringite revisited. Fred Glasser University of Aberdeen Old Aberdeen, Scotland UK
Ettringite revisited Fred Glasser University of Aberdeen Old Aberdeen, Scotland UK Ettringite (1) Since its discovery in nature and its subsequent identification as a minor phase in hydrated Portland cement,
More informationRheological and physico-chemical study of cement mortars with superplasticizers of polycarboxylate-type
Rheological and physico-chemical study of cement mortars with superplasticizers of polycarboxylate-type Nicolas. 1,, Waldmann D., Lecomte A. 1, Diliberto C. 1, Greger M., Malaman B. 1, Scharfe G. 3, Kirpach
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF TRIETANOLAMINE (TEA) ON CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH AND HARDENED MORTARS CONTAINING LIMESTONE POWDER
NATURA MONTENEGRINA, Podgorica, 9(3):867-881 THE INFLUENCE OF TRIETANOLAMINE (TEA) ON CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH AND HARDENED MORTARS CONTAINING LIMESTONE POWDER Jozefita MARKU*, Vaso KOZETA**, Caja SHQIPONJA
More informationPreliminary Studies on In Situ Monitoring of Lactose Crystallization Using Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement
Dairy Research 214 Preliminary Studies on In Situ Monitoring of Lactose Crystallization Using Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement K. Pandalaneni, J.K. Amamcharla Summary Isothermal crystallization of
More informationPore Solution Analysis as a Tool for Studying Early Age Hydration & Predicting Future Durability R.D. Hooton, T. Ramlochan, and M.D.A.
Pore Solution Analysis as a Tool for Studying Early Age Hydration & Predicting Future Durability R.D. Hooton, T. Ramlochan, and M.D.A. Thomas Cement Hydration Summit, Quebec, July 2009 Contents Obtaining
More informationQuality improvers for optimization of blended cements performances P.D Arcangelo 1, S.Bhome 2, M.Magistri 1
Quality improvers for optimization of blended cements performances P.D Arcangelo 1, S.Bhome 2, M.Magistri 1 1 Mapei SpA, Milan, Italy 2 IBS - Innovative Building Solutions LLC, Dubai, UAE Abstract The
More informationUtilization of micro silica as partial replacement of OPC & SRC in concrete
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 3, Issue 3(March 2014), PP.67-73 Utilization of micro silica as partial replacement of
More informationCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT ON ALKALI-SILICA REACTION OF CONCRETE AGGREGATES: A COMPARISON
Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2015 Ravi Agarwal et al., 2015 Research Paper COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT ON ALKALI-SILICA REACTION OF CONCRETE AGGREGATES:
More information75 Years of experience with high dosed blast furnace slag cement
75 Years of experience with high dosed blast furnace slag cement Mario de Rooij TNO Innovation for Life 10-12 TNO in brief The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research Owner: Dutch Government
More informationPreliminary studies on in situ monitoring of lactose crystallization using focused beam reflectance measurement
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume Issue 2 Dairy Research (1984-214) Article 19 214 Preliminary studies on in situ monitoring of lactose crystallization using focused beam reflectance
More informationEVALUATION REPORT OF HESS PUMICE
EVALUATION REPORT OF HESS PUMICE June 11, 212 By Uma Ramasamy and Paul Tikalsky CONCRETE AND MATERIALS RESEARCH AND EVALUATION LABORATORY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1 INTRODUCTION
More information6. STABILIZED PAVEMENT MATERIALS
6. STABILIZED PAVEMENT MATERIALS The term soil stabilisation may be defined as the alteration of the properties of an existing soil either by blending (mixing) two or more materials and improving particle
More informationMitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Mortar with Limestone Addition and Carbonation
Mitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Mortar with Limestone Addition and Carbonation Chun-Tao Chen 1* and Wei-Cheng Yang 1 1 Department of Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science
More informationCHAPTER 5 BLENDED CEMENTS- OVERVIEW. support present life forms. Green house gases results in an increased temperature for
CHAPTER 5 BLENDED CEMENTS- OVERVIEW 5.1 GENERAL Rising level of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and the associated increase in temperature of the environment are potentially able to alter the ability
More informationSELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE REALIZED WITH BASIC TECHNOLOGY AND CONTROL
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov CIBv 215 Vol. 8 (57) Special Issue No. 1-215 SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE REALIZED WITH BASIC TECHNOLOGY AND CONTROL O. SUSA1, C. BADEA1, L. IURES1, R. CHENDES1,
More informationEffect of activator mix on the hydration and strength behaviour of alkali-activated slag cements
Advances in Cement Research, 2003, 15, No. 3, July, 129 136 Effect of activator mix on the hydration and strength behaviour of alkali-activated slag cements A. Fernández-Jiménez and F. Puertas Instituto
More informationState of the Art of Shotcrete Technologies; Experiences and References. Markus Jahn, Corporate Product Engineer, Sika Services AG
State of the Art of Shotcrete Technologies; Experiences and References Markus Jahn, Corporate Product Engineer, Sika Services AG Content Global Trends Requirements on Shotcrete Accelerator Development
More informationInfluence of Silica Fume, Fly Ash, Super Pozz, and High Slag Cement on Water Permeability and Strength of Concrete
www.crl.issres.net Vol. 3 (4) December 2012 Influence of Silica Fume, Fly Ash, Super Pozz, and High Slag Cement on Water Permeability and Strength of Concrete A.A. Elsayed Modern Academy for Engineering
More informationVCAS White Pozzolans
VCAS White Pozzolans Custom-engineered, high performance, pozzolanic mineral additives for use in white cement, mortar, and concrete products Technical Data Summary VCAS-micronHS VCAS-8 September 13, 2005
More informationA Short Study to Test the Compliance of Various Pakistani Ordinary Portland Cements with ASTM Composition Standards
Pak. J. Chem. (): 1-7, 1 ISSN (Print): -5 ISSN (Online): -7X Full Paper A Short Study to Test the Compliance of Various Pakistani Ordinary Portland Cements with ASTM Composition Standards A. Shahnaz, *
More informationCONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
High Reactivity Metakaolin (HRM) Engineered Mineral Admixture for Use with Portland Cement Advanced Cement Technologies PowerPozz High Reactivity Metakaolin is a manufactured pozzolanic mineral admixture
More informationPrognosis Of Concrete Corrosion Due To Acid Attack
Prognosis Of Concrete Corrosion Due To Acid Attack HW Dorner and RE Beddoe Institute of Building Materials Science and Testing Technical University of Munich Germany Summary: A model is introduced for
More informationFly Ash, Slag, Silica Fume, and Natural Pozzolans
Silica Fume, and Fly Ash, Slag, Silica Fume, and Also known as Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCMs) a material that, when used in conjunction with portland cement, contributes to the properties of
More informationThe Effect of Silica Fume on the Properties of Self-Compacted Lightweight Concrete
Current World Environment Vol. 10(Special Issue 1), 381-388 (2015) The Effect of Silica Fume on the Properties of Self-Compacted Lightweight Concrete Yaghuob Mohammadi 1 *, Seyyed Sajjad Mousavi 1, Farnam
More informationALKALI-SILICA REACTION (ASR)
High Reactivity Metakaolin Engineered Mineral Admixture for Use with Portland Cement Advanced Cement Technologies PowerPozz (a High-Reactivity Metakaolin) is a manufactured pozzolanic mineral admixture
More informationCOMPATIBILITY OF CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE WITH CEMENT: MARSH CONE TEST
COMPATIBILITY OF CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE WITH CEMENT: MARSH CONE TEST DURGESH JADHAV E-mail:durgesh_jadhav@rediffmail.com Abstract In order to meet the performance requirements of concrete for various infrastructure
More informationPowder Additives. Additives for powder mixtures:
Additives for powder mixtures: MÜNZING offers a wide range of powder additives for use in dry blends which are mixed with water before application. Defoamers, wetting and dispersing agents and anti-shrinkage
More informationAMAZIAH WALTER OTUNYO ANDINNOCENT KOATE
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjer.v14i1.3 GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH VOL 14, 2015: 17-23 COPYRIGHT BACHUDO SCIENCE CO. LTD PRINTED IN NIGERIA. ISSN 1596-292x www.globaljournalseries.com;
More informationHIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE - HPC
HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE - HPC Fahim Al-Neshawy & Esko Sistonen 23.10.2015 Outlines Introduction Materials used in HPC Methods used for making HPC HPC - mix design Properties of HPC Advantages and disadvantages
More informationNortheast States Materials Engineers Meeting (NESMEA) October 9, 2006 Newark, DE
Northeast States Materials Engineers Meeting (NESMEA) October 9, 2006 Newark, DE Delaware DOT s Use of Slag Cement Jim Pappas, P.E. Chief Materials & Research Engineer Materials & Research Section Outline
More informationNEW PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR FRESH TREMIE CONCRETE
NEW PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR FRESH TREMIE CONCRETE Karsten Beckhaus (1), Martin Larisch (2), Habib Alehossein (3,4) (1) BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH, Deutschland (2) Keller Australia Pty Ltd, Australia (3)
More informationJingkun: providing you with innovative Guar products for Construction Application
-- For Construction Jingkun: providing you with innovative Guar products for Construction Application Jingkun Chemistry Company, one of the leading manufacturers for guar derivative products in the world,
More informationInfluence of Colloidal Nano-SiO 2 Addition as Silica Fume Replacement Material in Properties of Concrete
Influence of Colloidal Nano-SiO 2 Addition as Silica Fume Replacement Material in Properties of Concrete A.M. Raiess Ghasemi, T. Parhizkar, and A.A. Ramezanianpour Building and Housing Research Center,
More informationGypsum Solubility Simulating Real World Aqueous Problems
Simulating Real World Aqueous Problems or Getting an edge on the competition! Reliable simulation of complex processes can provide insights for process optimization and reduced operating costs. The solubility
More informationOptimization Of Silica Fume, Fly Ash And Cement Mixes For High Performance Concrete
Optimization Of Silica Fume, Fly Ash And Cement Mixes For High Performance Concrete Richard A. Livingston 1 and Walairat Bumrongjaroen 2 1 Federal Highway Administration, Office of Infrastructure R&D,
More informationShotcrete System TECHNICAL BULLETIN
Shotcrete System TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1 04.01.2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TYTRO SHOTCRETE SYSTEM... 1 1.1. Synergetic benefits of using the TYTRO Admixture Series... 3 2. APPLICATION OF TYTRO RC... 6 2.1.
More informationInfluence of Silica Fume, Fly Ash, Super Pozz and High Slag Cement on Water Permeability and Strength of Concrete
Influence of Silica Fume, Fly Ash, Super Pozz and High Slag Cement on Water Permeability and Strength of Concrete Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, Cairo, Egypt ABSTRACT In this study, effects
More information- paste cement-water mix allowing setting and hardening to occur w/c: setting stiffening without significant increase in strength
Definition - w/c, w/s water to cement / solid ratio by mass - paste cement-water mix allowing setting and hardening to occur w/c: 0.3-0.6 - setting stiffening without significant increase in strength -
More informationEFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON HYDRATION HEAT AND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE
CD01-004 EFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON HYDRATION HEAT AND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE 1 M. Nili, A. Ehsani 2 1 Ass. Professor, Civil Eng. Dept. Faculty of Eng. Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan,
More informationExperimental Investigation on Diffusion Coefficient of Carbon Dioxide for Sustainable Construction Materials
Experimental Investigation on Diffusion Coefficient of Carbon Dioxide for Sustainable Construction Materials Sang Hwa Jung 1, Myung Kue Lee 2, Seong Lo Lee 3, and Byung Hwan Oh 4 1 Korea Institute of Construction
More informationIMPROVEMENT OF CONCRETE DURABILITY BY COMPLEX MINERAL SUPER-FINE POWDER
277 IMPROVEMENT OF CONCRETE DURABILITY BY COMPLEX MINERAL SUPER-FINE POWDER Chen Han-bin, Chen Jian-xiong, Xiao Fei, and Cui Hong-ta College of Material Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PRC Abstract
More informationPHASE CHANGES. Time Temperature Observations. Name(s)
3 5 PHASE CHANGES PHASE CHANGES Name(s) The activities presented here focus on the energy changes that occur in substances undergoing a phase change. The first activity will take the most time to complete.
More informationA Study on Properties of Light Weight Cinder Aggregate Concrete with Silica Fume and Fly Ash as Admixtures
A Study on Properties of Light Weight Cinder Aggregate Concrete with Silica Fume and Fly Ash as Admixtures Dandu Chinna Narasimhudu Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Annamacharya
More informationFundamentals of Concrete
Components Cement Water Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Fundamentals of Range in Proportions Advantages of Reducing Water Content: Increased strength Lower permeability Fundamentals of Increased resistance
More informationLEACHING PERFORMANCE TEST ASSESSING DURABILITY OF CONCRETE EXPOSED TO CHEMICAL ATTACK
LEACHING PERFORMANCE TEST ASSESSING DURABILITY OF CONCRETE EXPOSED TO CHEMICAL ATTACK François Jacquemot (1) and other members of GEF 8 leaching test working group (2) (1) CERIB (Centre d Études et de
More informationProperties of Concrete Incorporating Recycled Post-Consumer Environmental Wastes
International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials Vol.8, No.3, pp.251 258, September 2014 DOI 10.1007/s40069-013-0065-9 ISSN 1976-0485 / eissn 2234-1315 Properties of Concrete Incorporating Recycled
More informationMullite Formation A myth or Reality?
Mullite Formation A myth or Reality? Dilip Jain Virginia, U.S.A St Louis Section Meeting of the American Ceramic Society March 29, 2007 It is very well known that when ever there is a source of free silica
More informationPCC Pavement Mixture Selection
PCC Pavement Mixture Selection A. General Information Design Manual Chapter 5 - Roadway Design 5E - PCC Pavement Mixture Selection 5E-1 Concrete is basically a mixture of two components, paste and aggregates.
More informationChemical Admixtures for Concrete: An Overview
Chemical Admixtures for Concrete: An Overview Deepak Kanitkar GM Technology and Business Development Chembond Chemicals Limited (Construction Chemicals Division) Use of Chemical Admixtures in Concrete
More informationUsing Isothermal Calorimetry to Predict early Mortar Strengths. Lasse Frølich Engsig April 2014
Using Isothermal Calorimetry to Predict early Mortar Strengths Lasse Frølich Engsig April 2014 Outline 2 Part 1 Testing critical parameters that will affect HoH/strength relationship Part 2 Routine testing
More informationDurability Predictions Using Early-Age Durability Index Testing
Durability Predictions Using Early-Age Durability Index Testing JR Mackechnie & MG Alexander Summary: Durability of reinforced concrete structures is often dependent on the corrosion of reinforcement due
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 145 (2016 ) 66 73
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 145 (2016 ) 66 73 International Conference on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction Optimization of gradation and
More informationA. HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE (HSC)
EFFECTS OF SILICA FUME ON PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE Nasratullah Amarkhail Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering Kumamoto University Kumamoto
More informationDegree of Hydration and Strength Development of Low Water-to-Cement Ratios in Silica Fume Cement System
International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 05 10 Degree of Hydration and Strength Development of Low Water-to-Cement Ratios in Silica Fume Cement System Dillshad
More informationEffect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle on Strength of Cement Mortar
IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 3 Issue 05 November 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-784X Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle on Strength of Cement Mortar D. Nivethitha S.
More information7th CSI Forum - Vancouver Innovative approaches to reduce CO 2 emissions
7th CSI Forum - Vancouver Innovative approaches to reduce CO 2 emissions Günther Walenta Lafarge LCR 02/10/2013 LAFARGE & CO 2 - Some Figures In 2012, LAFARGE produced 153 Mt cement and emitted ~94 Mt
More informationEFFECT OF LIMESTONE FILLERS AND SILICA FUME POZZOLANA ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFATE RESISTANT CEMENT PASTES
Original papers EFFECT OF LIMESTONE FILLERS AND SILICA FUME POZZOLANA ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFATE RESISTANT CEMENT PASTES E. A. EL-ALFI, A. M. RADWAN, S. ABED EL-ALEEM * National Research Center,
More informationEvaluation of Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Silica Fume from a Local Source in Pakistan
Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 54 (2): 119 125 (2017) Copyright Pakistan Academy of Sciences ISSN: 2518-4245 (print), 2518-4253 (online) Pakistan
More informationSolutions for refractories
Solutions for refractories A BROAD PORTFOLIO OF PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS > The SECAR range CIMENT FONDU and SECAR 51 are fused products with a mineralogy focused on calcium aluminates (CA) to give strong
More informationPumice Pozz vs. Fly Ash
Pumice Pozz vs. Fly Ash Extensive ASTM-standard Research Quantifies Pumice as the Ideal Replacement for Fly Ash in Concrete IN EACH AND EVERY ONE of the concrete performance categories that matter, clean,
More informationShrinkage Development in High Performance Concrete. Ammar Yahia, P.Eng., Ph.D.,
Shrinkage Development in High Performance Concrete Ammar Yahia, P.Eng., Ph.D., Outlines 1. Introduction 2. High-performance concrete 3. Autogenous shrinkage 4. Autogenous shrinkage stress 5. Autogenous
More informationTHE EFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT AND HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT PASTE.
THE EFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT AND HIGH ALUMINA CEMENT PASTE 1 P. Saritha, 2 *S. Barathan and 3 G. Sivakumar 1 Engineering Physics Division, Annamalai University,
More informationSTRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER MORTAR CONTAINING BINARY AND TERNARY BLENDS OF BENTONITE
STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER MORTAR CONTAINING BINARY AND TERNARY BLENDS OF BENTONITE K. Srinivasan and A. Sivakumar Structural Engineering Division, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India E-Mail:
More informationThe Effect of Different Exposure Conditions on the Chloride Diffusion into Concrete in the Persian Gulf Region
The Effect of Different Exposure Conditions on the Chloride Diffusion into Concrete in the Persian Gulf Region P. Ghods, M. Chini, R. Alizadeh, M. Hoseini, Graduate Research Assistants, Civil Engg. Dept.,
More informationInnovation to improve carbon footprint in the Cement industry Building Material Analysis meeting University of Halle, Germany March 29, 2011
Innovation to improve carbon footprint in the Cement industry Building Material Analysis meeting University of Halle, Germany March 29, 2011 Dr. G. Walenta Dr. V. Morin Lafarge Research Center - Lyon Lafarge
More informationSupplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) Cement Hydration: 3/29/2017. SCMs effect on hydration. Hydration Schematic
Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) Ohio Precast Concrete Association March 2017 Meeting Jay Whitt Lehigh Cement Technical Services Engineer Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) Cement Hydration:
More informationCACSAND. high performance calcium aluminate aggregate. Special aggregate for your high performance applications!
CACSAND high performance calcium aluminate aggregate Special aggregate for your high performance applications! Çimsa CACSAND Calcium Aluminate Tailor Made for High Performance Applications www.cimsa.com.tr
More informationCalcium Aluminate Cements
Global Product Data Calcium Aluminate Cements Think alumina, think Almatis. GP-RCP/005/R08/0516/SDS 993 Products Almatis produces high purity Calcium Aluminate Cements with 70 and 80 % Al 2 O 3 content.
More information