Country feedback on General HTGR activities Contributions of Germany

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1 meinschaft Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gem Country feedback on General HTGR activities Contributions of Germany Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany Technical Meeting on Re-evaluation of Maximum Operating Temperatures g p g p and Accident Conditions for HTR Fuel and Structural Materials IAEA Headquarters,Vienna, June

2 Outline General Situation of Nuclear Energy in Germany HTR activities at the Research Center Jülich and at the Institute for Reactor Safety and Technology (RWTH Aachen University) Other HTR activities in Germany Outlook 2

3 Outline General Situation of Nuclear Energy in Germany HTR activities at the Research Center Jülich and at the Institute for Reactor Safety and Technology (RWTH Aachen University) Other HTR activities in Germany Outlook 3

4 Situation of Nuclear Energy in Germany (1) Consensus in 2000 between Government and utilities to phase out nuclear by 2021 Atomic Act of 2002 excludes construction of new NPP and reprocessing Decision in October 2010 for lifetime extension 8 years for 7 plants constructed before years for 10 younger plants 4

5 Situation of Nuclear Energy in Germany (2) Decision in June 2011 (after Fukushima) shutdown of 7 oldest plants plus Krümmel NPP other 9 plants have to phase out last German NPP will be shutdown in 2022 In general, the situation for nuclear activities in Germany is difficult, in particular for HTR related ones 5

6 Situation of Nuclear Energy in Germany (3) Following the actual German policy the remaining activities are focused on nuclear waste conservation of know-how and competence national R&D programs funded by the two federal ministries (Economics and Technology / Education and Research) Regarding HTR analytical activities (3D fluid mechanics, core behavior) experimental activities i i (fluid mechanics, dust behavior, graphite corrosion) 6

7 National Activities National projects or activities as parts of such ones GRS, IKE Stuttgart University (analytical: fluid mechanics, core behavior) LRST Aachen University and Technical University Dresden (experimental and analytical: investigations of dust behavior) Research Center Jülich (FZJ) (analytical: fluid mechanics for pebbles and block type in different scales, core behavior) 7

8 International Activities EC Framework Programme (FP)-7 (ARCHER, CARBOWASTE, GoFastR ) mainly analytical, different German partners OECD-LOFC Project (Loss of Forced Coolant, Japanese HTTR, GRS and FZJ) Co-operation between INET and FZJ Working group on rework of AVR operation (initiated by regional policy and FZJ board) 8

9 Outline General Situation of Nuclear Energy in Germany HTR activities at the Research Center Jülich and at the Institute for Reactor Safety and Technology (RWTH Aachen University) Other HTR activities in Germany Outlook 9

10 Scope of Activities at Research Center Jülich / RWTH-Aachen University Small scale experiments INDEX (high numbers) Integral experiments NACOK 2 (detailed investigation) Code validation CFX (fluid mechanics HTRs) Code validation HCP (fluid mechanics HTRs) 10

11 INDEX (small scale experiment) IR camera Laser INDEX : Induction Experiment Ø 95 TC Flow channel made of fused glass Induction coil (water cooled) camera Quadratic cross section (66 x 66 mm) Induction coil designed for 200 g graphite pyrometer 105 mm Inlet of cooling water glas pyrometer graphite sample induktive heatet up to 1200 C Max. temperature pebble 1200 C Outlet of cooling water Max. heating rate pebble 500 C/min h~300 First set up with single sphere (D=60 mm) Later pebble bed, block elements Thermocouple, pyrometer, IR camera Gas analytics (He, O 2, CO 2, CO) Particle Imaging Velocimetry (2D / 3D) a=67 flow chanel GAS (N2-21 C) 11

12 INDEX First Experiment with Single Pebble Inductive heated single sphere 700, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 C Nitrogen flow 22 l/min 2D PIV of flow field above the pebble Measurements done in cold and hot state 12

13 CFX Calculation of Cool Down Experiment in INDEX Temperature [K] max x. pebble surface te emperature e / C Experiment Best Estimate Fine Grid time / s 13

14 INDEX: Modifications in Progress Optimizing setup for dust experiments New fused glass flow channel Ports for additional instrumentation New exhaust for particle loaded gas Moveable induction coil 14

15 NACOK2 Set-up of Block Experiment (1) 5 segments (upgradeable) Ceramic flow channel Base plate One ceramic block with holes Windows Simple chimney set up (strait, open gas inlet, open exhaust) 24 thermo couples Ultra sonic flow meter 2D Particle Imaging Velocimetry 15

16 NACOK2 Set-up of Block Experiment (2) 16

17 Temperatures during Block Experiment 1400 Temperatures TRC Zone 1 TRC Zone 2 TRC Zone TRC Zone 4 TRC Zone 5 Zone 1 solid 1000 Zone 1 Gas Zone 2 Window Zone 3 Wall 800 T [ C] Zone 4 Wall Zone 5 Wall Block center bottom 600 Block center middle Block center top Block edge top t [h] 17

18 NACOK2 Set-Up of Pebble Bed Simple chimney set up Heating rate 30 C/h 8 layers of ceramic pebbles (ordered) 200 spheres in total t (incl. half spheres at boundary) T max = 1000 C (upper pebble layer) Gas flow variation: 20, 30, 40 m³/h Four sets of PIV measurements 120 h experimental time 18

19 Temperatures during Pebble Bed Experiment 1200 Temperatures Zone 1 solid ld 1. Layer (1,1) 1. Layer (2,2) Layer (3,3) 1. Layer (4,4) Layer (5,5) 5. Layer (3,1) 5. Layer (3,3) 900 T [ C] 8. Layer (3, 3.5) Zone 2 wall 800 Zone 3 wall Zone 4 wall Zone 5 wall t [h]

20 PIV Measurement at 1000 C, flow rate 20 m³/h gas flow 20m³/h 20

21 Development of HTR Code Package (HCP) Objective: "Design, implementation and validation of software for the simulation of V/HTRs applying the latest programming techniques and standards." 21

22 Development of the dust module STAR (1) Staub- (dust) Transportt convective dust exchange between meshes interaction of dust concentration with deposition and resuspension Ablagerung (deposition) implementation of theoretical / semi-empirical correlations modeling of dust behavior on the surface for adhesive forces Resuspensionp implementation of the quasi-static Rock n Roll model 22

23 Development of the dust module STAR (2) Developed for the simulation of dust behavior in HTR Estimation of the source term due to dust for depressurization of the HTR-Module Rough assessment of activity released with the INES scale: Level 3 event for design basis accident (DBA) Level 4 event (unfavorable assumptions) for beyond DBA 23

24 Development of the dust module STAR (3) Future work improved simulation of dust in confinement (within ARCHER) further validation / improvement of STAR with focus on conditions representative for HTR (project TARGET) 24

25 Outline General Situation of Nuclear Energy in Germany HTR activities at the Research Center Jülich and at the Institute for Reactor Safety and Technology (RWTH Aachen University) Other HTR activities in Germany Outlook 25

26 Other HTR Related Activities in Germany Excerpt of activities: TU Dresden Development of SiC-Coatings by pulsed laser deposition Development of so-called Pebble-Mill to generate dust Dust deposition experiments Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Development of reactor dynamics code DYN3D 26

27 Activities of IKE Stuttgart on HTR Development of a transient 3-d fluid mechanics code ATTICA3D with porous medium approach Coupling via interface with transient 3-d neutronic transport code TORT-TD Both pebble-type and block-type fuel elements AVR Reactor Pebble fuel elements Block fuel elements 27

28 IKE - Validation of ATTICA3D with the HTR-10 CRP-5 Benchmark: Temperature distribution at full power Control rod withdrawal at part load (3MW) Loss of flow at part load (3MW) Parameter Full power Part load Thermal power 10 MW 3 MW Inlet temperature 250 C 250 C Mean outlet temperature ~700 C ~650 C Helium mass flow 4.32 kg/s System pressure 30 bar 25 bar 28

29 Activities of Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) KüFA Test on HFR-EU1bis/5 Fuel element irradiated in HFR Petten Consistent ratio of 137 Cs and 134 Cs low level from other contamination sources No 85 Kr release could be detected (possible volatilization of the trapped fission gas) HFR-EU1bis/5 pebble features highest release from that irradiation campaign KüFA Test on AE to determine accuracy limits of KüFA setup Element irradiated in AVR, 3.56 % fima Very low release levels due to low burnup Accuracy limits of KüFA setup have been determined 29

30 Activities of Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) Spatial distribution of Caesium on condensation plates investigated with a tailored collimator Caesium is deposited on the entire surface with a ring profile of higher concentration around the centre 137 Cs distribution Stainless steel condensation plate Cs-137 conc. on a plate at accident temperature 1600 CfromtheHFREU1bis/5 HFR-EU1bis/5 test 30

31 Outline General Situation of Nuclear Energy in Germany HTR activities at the Research Center Jülich and at the Institute for Reactor Safety and Technology (RWTH Aachen University) Other HTR activities in Germany Outlook 31

32 Outlook German activities funded until 2015 Main objectives to be achieved until then first version of HTR Code Package (HCP) extension of the experimental data base for fluid mechanics and graphite dust behaviour, e.g. for MGT-3D capability of performing predictive calculations for block-type fuel HTR 32