F O C U S FOCUS FOCUS FOCUS S U C O F

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1 F O C U S F O C U S S U C O F FOCUS FOCUS FOCUS S U C O F

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4 Great Lakes Forever

5 So, you want to hear about MERCURY?

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8 FOCUS on MERCURY

9 M2P2 MERCURY AWARENESS FOR MICHIGAN CITIZENS

10 M2P2 Task Force Focus Health Care Dental Electrical Users/Manufactures Chemical Users/Manufacturers General Public Automobile Sector Utilities

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12 IÕm talking aboutééé MERCURY! Liquid elemental mercury

13 Metallic Mercury Also known as: Quicksilver

14 Hg 13.5 times denser than water!

15 Mercury Periodic Table

16 Mercury Facts 1 fever thermometer = 2/3 gram 1 thermostat = ~4 grams 1lb.= 454 grams = ~100 thermostats 1 thermostat = ~200 Fluorescent lamps 1 gram = bead size of a pencil eraser Elemental Hg reacts violently with Ammonia and dry Bromine

17 NATURAL SOURCES OF MERCURY

18 Cinnabar Ore (HgS)

19 Calomel Ore (Hg2 C12)

20 Historic Uses Ancient Rituals Medicine Felt lining in Hats Gold Mining

21 Unusual Recent Uses Necklaces Vaccines & Medicines Religious/Cultural Uses Skin Lightening Creams Contact Lens Solution Preparation H Maze Games Tennis Shoes Paint

22 Even the ÔMERCURY MinnowÕ Contains Mercury

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24 National Geographic Society, 1972 Particularly insidious because its fumes are invisible and odorless, elemental mercury vaporizes readily, even at room temperatures. Lit by a conventional lamp, a vial of mercury throws the shadow at left; no fumes appear. Ultraviolet rays Ð absorbed by mercury Ð outline the other silhouette, which shows mercury vapor billowing from the vial. National Geographic Society Quicksilver and Slow Death. National Geographic, Washington, DC. V. 142, No. 4, page 513.

25 Mercury ÒSpeciesÓ Elemental Mercury - Hg 0 Mercurous Ð Mercury [I] - inorganic forms Mercuric - Mercury [II] - organic forms like methylmercury

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27 Mercury is a ÔGlobal ConcernÕ

28 A Concern affecting Everyone!

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34 2001 MICHIGAN FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORY

35 Mercury Toxicity depends on the ÔRoute of ExposureÕ Methylmercu Elemental ry

36 Effects of Mercury Exposure Health problems can include tremors, changes in vision or hearing, insomnia, weakness, difficulty with memory, headache, irritability, shyness and nervousness. Metallic mercury can also damage the central nervous system.

37 MICHIGAN MECURY PIE ESTIMATE OF MERCURY AIR EIMMISIONS 1994 Cement Manufacturing 465 lbs (4.5%) Lamp Manufacturing/ Breakage 330 lbs (3.2%) Electric Utilities (coal) 3,120 lbs (31%) Hazardous Waste Incineration 280 lbs (2.7%) Industrial & Commercial (coal) 680 lbs (6.5%) Municipal Waste Incinerators 2,915 lbs (28%) Residential (oil) 175 lbs (1.7%) Hospital Waste Incinerators 980 lbs (9.4%) Sewage Sludge Incinerators 65 lbs (<1%) Taconite ore 680 lbs (7%) 8,385-10,415 lbs.

38 4,808 lbs.

39 Modern Mercury Poisonings Minamata Bay, Japan Iraq & Alamagordo, NM Dr. Karen Wetterhahn Lincoln Park, Michigan

40 WhereÕs mercury now? Thermometers Nationally, EPA estimates 17 tons are discarded annually In 1999 there were 19,239 ÒreportedÓ breakages The Big One: Sphygmomanometers

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42 Each spill incident costs on Average $4K-$10K for Clean-up.

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45 Mercury Min-Max Thermometer (Bottom shelf)

46 Mercury Barometer

47 More Common Sources Button Batteries The Mercury-Containing and Rechargeable Battery Management Act (Public Law ) took effect on May 13, Thermostats Honeywell Corp. will cease production of Hg thermostats in 2006

48 Dairy Manometers, Barometers, Gauges and in Sink Drain Traps

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50 Health Care Products Known to Contain Mercury & Alternatives PRODUCTS ALTERNATIVES Batteries Defibrillators Hearing aids Pacemakers Electrical equipment lithium, zinc air, alkaline fiber optics, solid state devices, mechanical switches Esophageal devices Cantor tubes Miller Abbot tubes tungsten tubing (tungsten for weight) Lamps fluorescent, high intensity, and ultraviolet ordinary glow lights; low sodium vapor tubes (yellow); optical, high-energy, longlasting lights 1 Sphygmomanometers electronic vacuum gage, expansion, aneroid 2 Thermometers electronic (digital), expansion, aneroid

51 Mercury Pressure Sensing Devices

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54 Ignitron Rectifiers

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56 L These may contain up to 40 pounds of mercury! Ledoux Bell Ratio Meters and Bailey Level Recorders

57 Industrial Devices that contain Mercury

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62 Medical Devices Household Fever Thermometers Laboratory Thermometers Sphygmomanometers esophageal dilators Cantor tubes Miller Abbott tubes Dennis tubes Foley catheter Mercury Amount 0.5 g g 3 g - 4 g g May contain as much as 3 pounds (1361 g) Hg 54 g g 136 g 136 g 68 g Source: Healthcare Without Harm

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64 A Tougher One: -Lab Chemicals

65 CHEMICALS ALTERNATIVES Mercury (II) chloride ZenkerÕs solution Histological fixatives Ê zinc Formalin freeze drying Staining solutions and preservatives for such products as buffers and vaccines: Thimerosal, Immu-sal, Carbol-fuchin stain, Gram iodine stain, phenolic mercuric, acetate, alum, Hematoxylin ÒSolution AÓ Mercury (II) oxide replace with variety of chemical compounds 3 copper catalyst Mercury chloride none identified Mercury (II) chloride magnesium chloride/sulfuric acid or zinc formalin, freeze drying Mercury (II) sulfate silver nitrate/potassium/chromium-(iii) sulfate Mercury iodide phenate method Ê Ê Mercury nitrate (for corrosion of copper alloys) for antifungal use (mercurochrome) ammonia/copper sulfate neosporin, mycin

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67 Fluorescent Lamps

68 Cleaning Products

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73 What About This Device, Does it contain mercury??????

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75 Mixture of Tin, Indium, Gallium and sometimes Bismuth Marketed as Gallistanª or NewMercª

76 Where You Should NEVER Find Mercury?

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79 How is it possible these days to know so much about mercury?????

80 Mercury Monitoring Devices Jerome Hg Vapor Analyzer

81 Mercury Monitoring Devices Lumex Monitor

82 Lumex

83 VM 3000

84 Mercury Monitoring Devices Tekran Mercury Monitor

85 Mercury Detection Devices (Sweden) ÒFroyÓ, ÒVilleÓ and nowééé

86 ÔClancyÕThe Minnesota Mercury Dog

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88 Eliminating Mercury is NOT Rocket Science

89 The process starts with a Mercury Inventory or Audit

90 Pollution Prevention Methodology: For working with MERCURY Hg IDENTIFY Hg Use(s) RESEARCH alternatives SUBSTITUTE safer chemicals or devices Engage Best Mgmt. Practices, if Hg use deemed absolutely essential??? Provide safety equipment; spill kits, gloves, and emergency clean up plan, educate employees

91 Keeping Mercury Out of the Environment

92 G o o d Reports N e w s U. S. Mercury Use down 85% since 1968 Biggest Decrease is due to the elimination of mercury use in Batteries and Paint But.ÉÉ Much more remains to be done

93 To Learn More About Mercury?????

94 Mercury P2 Assistance Publications Trade Associations Internet Resources Certification and/or Recognition Programs Funding; grants & loans Research & Technical Institutions

95 P U B L I C AT I O N S

96 Visit: MERCURY P2 Home Page search for Mercury P2

97 How to Handle a Mercury Spill

98 Small Mercury Spill

99 Large Mercury Spill

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101 Professional Remediation: Use of Specialized Mercury Vacuum and haz mat techniques

102 Hg Spill Guidance

103 Mercury Clean Up Guideline for households 1 µg/m_ ATSDR Equal to 1,000 ng/m3 or mg/m3

104 Spill Management Bibliography

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107 Additional (WEB) Resources: Health Care Without Harm / mercury.html National Wildlife Federation Mercury P2 in Healthcare. Sustainable Hospitals Project at the Univ.MS Lowell Merchealth Hospital Hg elimination

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114 HOUGHTON KEWEENAW Michigan Groundwater Stewardship Program FY2001 Clean Sweeps ONTONAGON BARAGA MARQUETTE GOGEBIC 10 LUCE IRON ALGER SCHOOLCRAFT CHIPPEWA DICKINSON DELTA 3 MACKINAC MENOMINEE EMMET 14 CHEBOYGAN CHARLEVOIX PRESQUE ISLE ANTRIM OTSEGO MONTMORENCY ALPENA LEELANAU BENZIE GRAND TRAVERSE 4 KALKASKA CRAWFORD OSCODA ALCONA MANISTEE WEXFORD MISSAUKEE ROSCOMMON OGEMAW IOSCO MASON LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE GLADWIN ARENAC ISABELLA BAY OCEANA MECOSTA MIDLAND NEWAYGO 6 MONTCALM SAGINAW GRATIOT MUSKEGON OTTAWA KENT IONIA GENESEE CLINTON SHIAWASSE ALLEGAN BARRY EATON INGHAM LIVINGSTON HURON TUSCOLA SANILAC LAPEER OAKLAND ST. CLAIR MACOMB VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO 7 CALHOUN JACKSON WASHTENAW WAYNE 1 BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH HILLSDALE LENAWEE MONROE 11

115 MichiganÕs Clean Sweep Sites

116 Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E)

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118 H2E Program EPA/American Hospital Association asking all hospitals to: -Eliminate (virtually all) mercury use by Reduce total waste volume 33% by 2005; and 50% by 2010

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121 Additional Emerging Issues: HB 6- Mercury-free Hospitals HB Prohibits sale of mercury thermometers

122 Mercury Stockpiles Defense Logistics Agency; Manages 5,000 ton stockpile for Dod, DOE (4 locations: Somerville, NJ, Warren, OH, New Haven, IN and Oak Ridge, TN) Chlor-alkali Facilities (de-commissioning): 3,000 tons in U.S. Recycled (Retort) Products: ~3,000 tons

123 Storage/Retirement Options Stabilization (as Hg sulfide or in cemented materials) Amalgamation (copper, zinc, tin, etc.) Encapsulation (of stabilized/ amalgamated mercury) using materials such as sulfur polymer cement or emulsified asphalt Long Term Storage Contracts

124 Great Lakes National Program Office

125 Buy one at the super discounted price and get the second for FREE!

126 For more information or to host an exchange contact: Julie Zdybel 517/

127 Solar Powered Digital

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129 HOUGHTON KEWEENAW Michigan Groundwater Stewardship Program FY2001 Clean Sweeps ONTONAGON BARAGA MARQUETTE GOGEBIC 10 LUCE IRON ALGER SCHOOLCRAFT CHIPPEWA DICKINSON MENOMINEE DELTA To Date 19,300 Thermometers Have been Exchanged in 29 Programs 3 1 BERRIEN BENZIE LEELANAU MACKINAC GRAND TRAVERSE EMMET 14 CHEBOYGAN PRESQUE ISLE CHARLEVOIX ANTRIM OTSEGO MONTMORENCY ALPENA KALKASKA CRAWFORD OSCODA ALCONA MANISTEE WEXFORD MISSAUKEE ROSCOMMON OGEMAW IOSCO MASON LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE GLADWIN OCEANA MUSKEGON OTTAWA 2 VAN BUREN NEWAYGO 4 KENT MECOSTA MONTCALM IONIA ISABELLA GRATIOT MIDLAND ARENAC BAY SAGINAW GENESEE CLINTON SHIAWASSE ALLEGAN BARRY EATON INGHAM LIVINGSTON KALAMAZOO 7 5 TUSCOLA OAKLAND LAPEER CALHOUN JACKSON WASHTENAW WAYNE CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH HILLSDALE LENAWEE 6 12 MONROE HURON SANILAC MACOMB ST. CLAIR In These programs captured more than 5,100 lbs. of mercury!

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131 ÒMercury in FlightÓ Awards Rite-Aid Brooks Drugs Safety First Albertson- American Drugs Wal-Mart Eckerd Walgreen CVS K-mart Target Stores Kinney Drugs Toys 'RÕ Us Meijer The First Years These companies no longer sell Hg thermometers

132 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE DIVISION For More Information: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE INFORMATION FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE POLLUTION PREVENTION EDUCATION OUTREACH INCENTIVES Call Today! Environmental Assistance Center

133 Ô M E R C U R Y M A N Õ ÒFirst do no Harm!Ó HCWH

134 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE DIVISION MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY For ÔMERCURY P2Õ Advice & Recycling/Disposal Info.

135 Closing Remarks: Mercury is a potent neurotoxin, persistent and bioaccumulative toxic chemical. Mercury is found throughout the environment and itõs danger represents a Global Concern. In the northern hemisphere there is 3-5 times more Hg cycling than 150 years ago. Currently there exists a narrow Ômargin of safetyõ. Voluntary P2 efforts have accomplished much. Michigan will continue aggressively advancing P2 through successful partnerships and initiatives.

136 ÒRESTORE the BALANCEÓ

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142 Do it for the FISH, becauseé