condensation condensation condensation condensation condensation surfa sur surfa surfa surfa surfa design cold face design cold face design cold face

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1 condensation insulation ambient temperature chilled air surface emissivity condensation insulation controlling heat los environme non metallic relative humidity environment ambient temperature chilled air non metall surface emissivity THICKNESS relative OF humidity sur ondensation ROCKWOOL insulation design INSULATION cold face mbient temperature chilled air non metallic surface emissivity relative humidity condensation insulation BS5422:2001 ambient temperature chilled air surface emissivity ondensation insulation mbient temperature chilled air surface emissivity condensation insulation IN ACCORDANCE WITH ambient temperature chilled air surface emissivity condensation non metallic relative humidity insulation surfa surfa surfa non metallic surfa relative humidity non metallic surfa relative humidity environmenta

2 nsulation bient temperature chilled air urface emissivity condensation insulation ambient temperature chilled air surface emissivity environme non metallic relative humidity condensation nsulation relative humidity non metallic bient temperature chilled air non metallic urface emissivity relative humidity ondensation nsulation bient temperature chilled air non metallic urface emissivity relative humidity condensation sulation bient temperature chilled air rface emissivity condensation nsulation non metallic relative humidity bient temperature chilled air non metallic urface emissivity relative humidity condensation insulation ambient temperature chilled air relative humidity surfac surfa surface surfac surface surfac non metallic surfa

3 ce i ce e BS5422:2001 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range -40 o C to +700 o C BS5422 is arguably the most important industry-wide standard for determining and specifying the requirements for thermal insulation used on pipe-work and equipment. BS5422 was re-published at the end of 2001 following a revision process taking more than 3 years. The revision of BS5422, last published in 1990, was necessary to incorporate changes arising from the use of new methods of calculating heat transfer agreed throughout the EU in These harmonised calculation methods (published in BS EN ISO 1224) differ slightly from those previously used in BS5422. Additionally: BS5422:2001 AN EXPLANATORY NOTE BS5422 now includes thicknesses of insulation that promote the benefits of energy saving. Importantly, the appropriate insulation thicknesses taken from BS5422 and used on pipe-work will be eligible for enhanced capital allowances (ECAs). Rockwool does not thermally age and therefore the thicknesses shown can be relied upon to provide the required insulation performance for the lifetime of the host structure. The frost protection tables have been revised to more accurately reflect UK design and operating conditions. e BS5422 is not a prescriptive document and recognises that there are many reasons why the insulation of pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment may be required. It is therefore important that specifiers state the criteria or specific clause or reference in this standard in any specification. Insulation thicknesses are given for a range of thermal conductivities appropriate to the usual materials used for the application; thicknesses for intermediate thermal conductivities and pipe sizes may be deduced by calculation or interpolation. For guidance in selecting appropriate types of insulation and suitable methods of application, reference should be made to BS In short, the most important standard applicable to the industry has changed radically; not one table of insulation thicknesses within BS5422 remains unchanged following this latest revision.

4 ii Surface emissivity (ε) table Material Aluminium, bright 0.05 Aluminium, oxidized 0.13 Aluminium foil, bright reinforced 0.05 Aluminium foil, polyester faced reinforced 0.40 Alu-zinc 0.18 Austenitic steel 0.15 Brass, dull tarnished 0.61 Brass, unoxidized Cast iron (and iron) 0.35 Cast iron, rusted and oxidized 0.65 Chrome, polished 0.10 Cloth 0.90 Copper, commercial scoured to a shine 0.07 Copper, oxidized 0.70 Copper, polished 0.02 Fire brick 0.75 Galvanised steel, blank 0.26 Glalvanised steel, dusty 0.44 Paint, black 0.95 Paint, other colours 0.90 Paint, white 0.85 Paint, aluminium weathered 0.55 Paint, aluminium new 0.30 Roofing felt 0.94 Rubber black 0.95 Rubber, grey 0.85 Steel 0.35 Steel, black painted 0.90 Steel, oxidized 0.80 White lacquer 0.95 Emissivity (ε) NOTE 1 The above values provide a useful guide to surface emissivity. However, it should be noted that the emissivity of a material varies with temperature and surface finishes. Therefore, the precise emissivity should be ascertained where a high degree of accuracy is required.

5 iii Surface Emissivity Emissivity is defined as the ratio of the energy radiated from a material s surface to that radiated from a blackbody (a perfect emitter) under the same conditions. It is a dimensionless number between 0 (for a perfect reflector) and 1 (for a perfect emitter). The emissivity of a surface depends not only on the material but also on the nature of the surface. For example, a clean and polished metal surface will have a low emissivity, whereas a roughened and oxidised metal surface will have a high emissivity. The emissivity also depends on the temperature of the surface. Knowledge of surface emissivity is important for accurate heat transfer calculations. So what does this mean to me? Low emissivity surfaces (e.g. aluminium, stainless steel etc.) produce a higher surface temperature but lower heat loss than high emissivity surfaces (e.g. painted steel, cloth etc.) when compared at the same operating conditions and insulation thickness. A 273mm O.D. steam pipe running at 200 O C insulated with 120mm thick Rockwool Process Pipe Section: Cladding Type Emissivity (ε) Outer Surface Heat Loss Temp ( O C) (W/m) Aluminium Cloth Based on ambient temperature 10 O C (still air), horizontal pipe. For personnel protection applications, high emissivity claddings are best. For heat conservation, low emissivity claddings are best. ADVICE AND LITERATURE i TECHNICAL SALES HELPLINE LITERATURE Rockwool offer a full technical advice service to assist the appropriate selection of products, their correct application and to discuss any special considerations necessary at the design stage to ensure trouble free installation and use. Rockwool produce a full range of FREE technical literature to help. Technical Sales Department:

6 iv GUIDE TO TABLES BS5422 Table reference Page table No 7 Minimum insulation thickness for chilled and cold water supplies to prevent condensation on a high emissivity outer surface (0.9) with an ambient temperature of +25 o C and a relative humidity of 80% 2 8 Minimum insulation thickness for chilled and cold water supplies to prevent condensation on a low emissivity outer surface (0.05) with an ambient temperature of +25 o C and a relative humidity of 80% 3 9 Environmental insulation thickness for chilled water supplies to control heat gain 4 10 Minimum insulation thickness for condensation control on ductwork carrying chilled air in ambient conditions: indoor still air temperature +25 o C, relative humidity 80%, dew point temperature 21.3 o C 4 11 Environmental insulation thickness on ductwork carrying warm air 5 12 Environmental insulation thickness for non-domestic heating installations to control heat loss 5 13 Environmental insulation thickness for non-domestic hot water service areas to control heat loss 6 14 Environmental insulation thickness for domestic central heating installations and hot water systems in potentially unheated areas to control heat loss 6 15 Environmental insulation thickness for process pipework and equipment to control heat loss 7 16a Insulation thickness of for personnel protection from a non-metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.90 (dark paint) and temperature of 59 o C 8 16b Insulation thickness of for personnel protection from a metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.05 (bright alu) and temperature of 55 o C 9 16c Insulation thickness of for personnel protection from a metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.18 (alu-zinc) and temperature of 55 o C 10 16d Insulation thickness of for personnel protection from a metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.26 (new galv) and temperature of 55 o C Insulation thickness of for personnel protection from a metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.05 (bright alu) and temperature of 50 o C Insulation thickness of for personnel protection from a non-metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.90 (dark paint) and temperature of 50 o C Heat loss from bare surfaces calculated in accordance with BS EN ISO (black steel pipes, surface emissivity 0.9) Heat loss from bare surfaces calculated in accordance with BS EN ISO (copper pipes commercial grade, scoured to a shine, surface emissivity 0.07) Heat loss from bare surfaces calculated in accordance with BS EN ISO (copper pipes oxidised, surface emissivity 0.70) Minimum insulation thickness to protect steel pipes against freezing under selected industrial process conditions Minimum insulation thickness required to give protection against freezing under specified commercial and institutional conditions Minimum insulation thickness to protect against freezing for domestic cold water systems [12 h] Minimum insulation thickness to protect against freezing for domestic cold water systems [8 h] 20

7 1 Interpolation Examples Interpolation example 1 (by method) Diameter of steel pipe on which insulation thickness has been based (mm) Hot f Ins Heat Ins Heat thk loss thk loss (mm) (W/m) (mm) (W/m) A 33.7mm O.D. pipe running at 180 C Identify the temperatures either side of the operating temperature (100 C & 200 C) Take the smaller thickness from the larger (64mm 48mm = 16mm) This thickness difference covers a 100 C temp. range Each degree Centigrade = 16/100 = 0.16mm Multiply the temperature difference (180 C 100 C = 80 C) by this figure (80 x 0.16mm = 12.8mm) This figure should be added to the thickness at 100 C (48mm mm = 60.8mm) As thicknesses must be rounded up to a commercially available thickness: 70mm thick should be used Interpolation example 2 (by formula) Diameter of steel pipe on which insulation thickness has been based (mm) A B Hot f Ins Heat Ins Heat thk loss thk loss (mm) (W/m) (mm) (W/m) C D E A 33.7mm O.D. pipe running at 180 C (((D - C) / (B - A)) x (E - A)) + C (((64-48) / ( )) x ( )) + 48 = 60.8 As thicknesses must be rounded up to a commercially available thickness: 70mm thick should be used

8 2 Table 7 (BS5422:2001) Minimum insulation thickness for chilled and cold water supplies to prevent condensation on a high emissivity outer surface (0.9) with an ambient temperature of +25 o C and a relative humidity of 80% Outside diameter of steel pipe on which insulation has been + 10 Temperature of contents ( o C) based (mm) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Rocklap H&V Pipe Section (mm) (20) 11 (20) 14 (20) (20) 12 (20) 15 (20) (20) 13 (20) 16 (20) (20) 13 (20) 16 (20) (20) 14 (20) 17 (20) (20) 14 (20) 18 (20) (20) 15 (20) 18 (20) (25) 15 (25) 19 (25) (25) 16 (25) 20 (25) (25) 16 (25) 20 (25) (25) 16 (25) 21 (25) (25) 17 (25) 21 (25) (25) 17 (25) 22 (25) (25) 18 (25) 23 (25) (25) 18 (25) 23 (25) (25) 18 (25) 24 (25) (25) 19 (25) 24 (25) (30) 19 (30) 24 (30) (35) 19 (35) 25 (35) (35) 20 (35) 25 (35) (35) 20 (35) 25 (35) (35) 20 (35) 26 (35) Flat 14 (25) 20 (25) 26 (30) NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets. NOTE 3 These thicknesses only apply where the vapour barrier has a dark, matt finish.

9 3 Table 8 (BS5422:2001) Minimum insulation thickness for chilled and cold water supplies to prevent condensation on a low emissivity outer surface (0.05) with an ambient temperature of +25 o C and a relative humidity of 80% Outside diameter of steel pipe on which insulation has been + 10 Temperature of contents ( o C) based (mm) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Rocklap H&V Pipe Section (mm) (20) 22 (25) 28 (30) (20) 24 (25) 30 (30) (20) 26 (30) 32 (35) (20) 27 (30) 34 (35) (25) 29 (30) 37 (40) (25) 31 (35) 39 (40) (25) 33 (35) 41 (45) (30) 35 (35) 44 (45) (30) 37 (40) 46 (50) (30) 38 (40) 48 (50) (30) 40 (40) 50 (50) (30) 42 (45) 53 (60) (35) 44 (45) 56 (60) (35) 48 (50) 60 (60) (35) 49 (50) 62 (70) (40) 50 (50) 64 (70) (40) 53 (60) 67 (70) (40) 54 (60) 69 (70) (40) 56 (60) 71 (80) (45) 58 (60) 74 (80) (45) 59 (60) 76 (80) (45) 62 (70) 79 (80) Flat 43 (50) 62 (70) 80 (80) NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets.

10 4 Table 9 (BS5422:2001) Environmental insulation thickness for chilled water supplies to control heat gain Outside diameter of Temperature of contents ( o C) steel pipe on which insulation has been based (mm) +5 Thickness of ROCKWOOL Rocklap H&V Pipe Section (mm) Heat gain (W/m) +0 Thickness of ROCKWOOL Rocklap H&V Pipe Section (mm) Heat gain (W/m) (25) (30) (30) (35) (35) (45) (45) (60) (60) (70) (60) (80) (70) (80) and 74 (75) (100) 17.2 above, including flat surfaces NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 This table should be used only if the control of heat gain already provided by the insulation of chilled pipework for the purposes of condensation control as indicated in Tables 7 and 8 of BS5422:2001does not limit the distribution heat gain to a maximum of 5% of the system load. The method for calculating the system load for chilled pipework is given in annex E of BS5422:2001. Distribution pipework heat gains should be calculated using the formulae given in BS EN ISO if outside the scope of this Table 9. NOTE 3 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets. Table 10 (BS5422:2001) Minimum insulation thickness for condensation control on ductwork carrying chilled air in ambient conditions: indoor still air temperature +25 o C, relative humidity 80%, dew point temperature 21.3 o C Minimum temperature inside duct ( o C) External surface emissivity (eg bright aluminium foil) (eg dusty galvanised steel) (eg black paint) Minimum thickness of ROCKWOOL Ductwrap (mm) (25) 13 (25) 8 (25) (50) 23 (25) 15 (25) 5 63 (65) 32 (40) 20 (25) 0 81 (90) 41 (50) 26 (30) NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets.

11 5 Table 11 (BS5422:2001) Environmental insulation thickness on ductwork carrying warm air Temperature difference between air inside ductwork and ambient air 10 o C 25 o C 50 o C Environmental thickness of ROCKWOOL Ductwrap and corresponding heat loss 33mm (40mm) 45mm (50mm) 60mm (60mm) 7.2 W/m W/m W/m 2 NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets. Table 12 (BS5422:2001) Environmental insulation thickness for non-domestic heating installations to control heat loss Outside Hot face temperature ( o C ) diameter of steel pipe on which Thickness of Thickness of Thickness of insulation ROCKWOOL Heat loss ROCKWOOL Heat loss ROCKWOOL Heat loss thickness Rocklap H&V (W/m) Rocklap H&V (W/m) Rocklap H&V (W/m) has been based (mm Pipe Section (mm) Pipe Section (mm) Pipe Section (mm) (30) (35) (60) (30) (40) (60) (35) (40) (60) (35) (45) (70) (35) (45) (70) (40) (50) (70) (40) (50) (70) (40) (50) (80) (40) (60) (80) (45) (60) (80) (45) (60) (80) (45) (60) (90) (50) (60) (90) (50) (60) (90) 64.2 Above and including 50 (50) (70) (90) 71.5 flat surfaces NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets.

12 6 Table 13 (BS5422:2001) Environmental insulation thickness for non-domestic hot water service areas to control heat loss Outside diameter of steel pipe Water temperature of 60 o C on which insulation thickness Thickness of ROCKWOOL has been based (mm) Rocklap H&V Pipe Section (mm) Heat loss (W/m) (30) (30) (30) (35) (35) (35) (40) (40) (40) (45) (45) (45) (50) (50) 25.1 Above and including flat surfaces 49 (50) 28.5 NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets. Table 14 (BS5422:2001) Environmental insulation thickness for domestic central heating installations and hot water systems in potentially unheated areas to control heat loss Outside Water temperatures of 75 o C for central heating and 60 o C for hot water with diameter of ambient still air temperatures of -1 o C steel pipe on which At 60 o C At 75 o C insulation has been based (mm) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Rocklap H&V Pipe Section (mm) Heat loss (W/m) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Rocklap H&V Pipe Section (mm) Heat loss (W/m) (size not available) (size not available) (size not available) (size not available) (size not available) (size not available) (40) (40) (40) (45) (40) (45) (45) (45) (45) (45) 16.0 Cylinders 50 (50) 38.2 W/m 2 52 (60) 47.9W/m 2 NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets.

13 7 Table 15 (BS5422:2001) Environmental insulation thickness for process pipework and equipment to control heat loss Diameter of steel pipe on which insulation thickness has been based (mm) Hot face temperature ( o C) with ambient still air at 20 o C Ins Heat Ins Heat Ins Heat Ins Heat Ins Heat Ins Heat Ins Heat thk loss thk loss thk loss thk loss thk loss thk loss thk loss (mm) (W/m) (mm) (W/m) (mm) (W/m) (mm) (W/m) (mm) (W/m) (mm) (W/m) (mm) (W/m) < < < < < < < < < < < < < and above, including flat surfaces NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 To simplify the use of this table the values shaded have been adjusted to avoid the specification of apparently anomalous results given by the calculation method in BS EN ISO 1224, due to the transition from turbulent to laminar flow. The associated heat losses will be better than those shown in the table above from BS5422.

14 8 Table 16a (BS5422:2001) Insulation thickness for personnel protection from a non-metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.90 and temperature of 59 o C Outside diameter of steel pipe (mm) Surface emissivity 0.90 (eg black paint) Metallic surface Design cold face 59 o C Hot face temperature o C (with ambient still air at +20 o C) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Process Pipe Section (mm) Flat NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table, Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements, NOTE 2 To simplify the use of this table the values shaded have been adjusted to avoid the specification of apparently anomalous results given by the calculation method in BS EN ISO 1224, due to the transition from turbulent to laminar flow.

15 9 Table 16b (BS5422:2001) Insulation thickness for personnel protection from a metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.05 and temperature of 55 o C Outside diameter of steel pipe (mm) Surface emissivity 0.05 (eg bright Metallic surface Design cold face 55 o C aluminium foil) Hot face temperature o C (with ambient still air at +20 o C) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Process Pipe Section (mm) Flat NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table, Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements, NOTE 2 To simplify the use of this table the values shaded have been adjusted to avoid the specification of apparently anomalous results given by the calculation method in BS EN ISO 1224, due to the transition from turbulent to laminar flow.

16 10 Table 16c (BS5422:2001) Insulation thickness for personnel protection from a metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.18 and temperature of 55 o C Outside Surface emissivity 0.18 (eg alu-zinc Metallic surface Design cold face 55 o C diameter cladding) of steel Hot face temperature o C (with ambient still air at +20 o C) pipe (mm) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Process Pipe Section (mm) Flat NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table, Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements, NOTE 2 To simplify the use of this table the values shaded have been adjusted to avoid the specification of apparently anomalous results given by the calculation method in BS EN ISO 1224, due to the transition from turbulent to laminar flow.

17 11 Table 16d (BS5422:2001) Insulation thickness for personnel protection from a metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.26 and temperature of 55 o C Outside diameter of steel pipe (mm) Surface emissivity 0.26 (eg new Metallic surface Design cold face 55 o C galvanised cladding) Hot face temperature o C (with ambient still air at +20 o C) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Process Pipe Section (mm) Flat NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table, Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements, NOTE 2 To simplify the use of this table the values shaded have been adjusted to avoid the specification of apparently anomalous results given by the calculation method in BS EN ISO 1224, due to the transition from turbulent to laminar flow.

18 12 Table 17 (BS5422:2001) Insulation thickness of for personnel protection from a metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.05 and temperature of 50 o C Outside diameter of steel pipe (mm) Surface emissivity 0.05 (eg bright Metallic surface Design cold face 50 o C aluminium foil) Hot face temperature o C (with ambient still air at +20 o C) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Process Pipe Section (mm) Flat NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table, Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements, NOTE 2 To simplify the use of this table the values shaded have been adjusted to avoid the specification of apparently anomalous results given by the calculation method in BS EN ISO 1224, due to the transition from turbulent to laminar flow.

19 13 Table 18 (BS5422:2001) Insulation thickness of for personnel protection from a non-metallic surface with a surface emissivity of 0.90 and temperature of 50 o C Outside diameter of steel pipe (mm) Surface emissivity 0.90 (eg black paint) Metallic surface Design cold face 50 o C Hot face temperature o C (with ambient still air at +20 o C) Thickness of ROCKWOOL Process Pipe Section (mm) Flat NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table, Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements, NOTE 2 To simplify the use of this table the values shaded have been adjusted to avoid the specification of apparently anomalous results given by the calculation method in BS EN ISO 1224, due to the transition from turbulent to laminar flow.

20 14 Table 19 (BS5422) Heat loss from bare surfaces calculated in accordance with BS EN ISO (black steel pipes) Outside diameter Operating temperature ( o C) of steel pipe (mm) Heat loss (W/m pipes, W/m2 flat) flat Operating conditions: Ambient still air temperature: 20 o CSurface emissivity: 0.90 Height of flat surfaces: 0.6mSurface orientation: horizontal

21 15 Table 20 (BS5422) Heat loss from bare surfaces calculated in accordance with BS EN ISO (copper pipes commercial grade, scoured to a shine) Outside diameter Operating temperature ( o C) of steel pipe (mm) Heat loss (W/m pipes, W/m2 flat) flat Operating conditions Surface emissivity: 0.70 Ambient still air temperature: 20 o C Height of flat surfaces: 0.6m Surface orientation: horizontal

22 16 Table 21 (BS5422) Heat loss from bare surfaces calculated in accordance with BS EN ISO (copper pipes oxidised) Outside diameter of steel pipe (mm) Operating temperature ( o C) Heat loss (W/m pipes, W/m2 flat) flat Operating conditions Surface emissivity: 0.70 Ambient still air temperature: 20 o C Height of flat surfaces: 0.6m Surface orientation: horizontal

23 17 Table 22 (BS5422:2001) Minimum insulation thickness to protect steel pipes against freezing under selected industrial process conditions Initial water temperature: +5 o C Initial water temperature: +5 o C Minimum ambient air Minimum ambient air Outside Inside temperature: -10oC temperature: -10oC diameter of diameter Evaluation period: 12h Evaluation period: 12h pipe (mm) [bore] (mm) Permitted ice formation: nil Permitted ice formation: 10% Thickness of ROCKWOOL Pipe Section [H&V or Process] (mm) ( - ) - ( - ) ( - ) 873 ( - ) ( - ) 222 ( - ) ( - ) 82 ( - ) ( - ) 55 (60) ( - ) 34 (35) (85) 22 (25) (60) 18 (25) (40) 13 (25) (25) 8 (25) (25) 6 (25) NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Some of the insulation thicknesses given are too large to be applied in practice but are included to highlight the difficulty in protecting small diameter pipes against freezing. To provide the appropriate degree of frost protection to certain sizes of pipes, it may be necessary to provide additional heat to the system, for example by circulating the water or heat tracing. NOTE 3 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets.

24 18 Table 23 (BS5422:2001) Minimum insulation thickness required to give protection against freezing under specified commercial and institutional conditions Initial water temperature: +2 o C Initial water temperature: +2 o C Minimum ambient temperature: Minimum ambient temperature: Outside Inside -6 o C (Indoor unheated) -10 o C (Outdoor) diameter of diameter Evaluation period: 12h Evaluation period: 12h pipe (mm) [bore] (mm) Permitted ice formation: 50% Permitted ice formation: 50% Thickness of ROCKWOOL Pipe Section [H&V or Process] (mm) Copper pipes (size not available) 269 (size not available) (20) 46 (50) (20) 24 (25) (20) 16 (20) (20) 12 (20) (20) 8 (20) (25) 6 (25) (25) 4 (25) Steel pipes (40) 126 ( - ) (20) 42 (45) (20) 25 (25) (20) 15 (20) (20) 12 (20) (20) 9 (20) (25) 6 (25) (25) 5 (25) NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Some of the insulation thicknesses given are too large to be applied in practice but are included to highlight the difficulty in protecting small diameter pipes against freezing. To provide the appropriate degree of frost protection to certain sizes of pipes, it may be necessary to provide additional heat to the system, for example by circulating the water or heat tracing. NOTE 3 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets.

25 19 Table 24 (BS5422:2001) Minimum insulation thickness to protect against freezing for domestic cold water systems [12 h] Normal installation - inside the Extreme installation - inside the building inside the envelope building but outside the envelope of the insulation of the insulation Outside Inside Initial water temperature: +7 o C Initial water temperature: +2 o C diameter of diameter Minimum ambient Minimum ambient temperature: -6 o C temperature: -6 o C pipe (mm) [bore] (mm) Evaluation period: 12h Evaluation period: 12h Permitted ice formation: 50% Permitted ice formation: 50% Thickness of ROCKWOOL Pipe Section [H&V or Process] (mm) Copper pipes (size not available) 59 (size not available) (20) 19 (20) (20) 12 (20) (20) 9 (20) (20) 7 (20) (20) 5 (20) (25) 4 (25) (25) 3 (25) Steel pipes (40) 40 (40) (20) 19 (20) (20) 13 (20) (20) 8(20) (20) 7 (20) (20) 5 (20) (25) 4 (25) (25) 3 (25) NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets.

26 20 Table 25 (BS5422:2001) Minimum insulation thickness to protect against freezing for domestic cold water systems [8 h] am s i Normal installation - inside the Extreme installation - inside the building inside the envelope building but outside the envelope of the insulation of the insulation Outside Inside Initial water temperature: +7 o C Initial water temperature: +2 o C diameter of diameter Minimum ambient Minimum ambient pipe (mm) [bore] (mm) temperature: -6 o C temperature: -6 o C Evaluation period: 8h Evaluation period: 8h Permitted ice formation: 50% Permitted ice formation: 50% Thickness of ROCKWOOL Pipe Section [H&V or Process] (mm) Copper pipes (size not available) 25 (size not available) (20) 11 (20) (20) 7 (20) (20) 6 (20) (20) 4 (20) (20) 3 (20) (25) 2 (25) (25) 2 (25) Steel pipes Steel (20) 20 (20) (20) 11 (20) (20) 8 (20) (20) 5 (20) (20) 5 (20) (20) 4 (20) (25) 3 (25) (25) 2 (25) NOTE 1 Thicknesses given are calculated specifically against the criteria noted in the table. Adopting these thicknesses may not necessarily satisfy other design requirements. NOTE 2 Advised thicknesses of ROCKWOOL insulation are shown in brackets. i am s c i a s am s i a s i

27 nsulation bient temperature chilled air urface emissivity condensation insulation ambient temperature chilled air surface emissivity relative humidity condensation insulation condensation nsulation relative humidity ambient temperature chilled air environme non metallic relative humidity surfac non metallic surfa bient temperature chilled air non metallic urface emissivity relative humidity ondensation nsulation surface mbient temperature chilled air non metallic urface emissivity relative humidity condensation sulation bient temperature chilled air urface emissivity condensation nsulation surfac non metallic surfac relative humidity bient temperature chilled air non metallic urface emissivity relative humidity surfac non metallic surfa

28 UK AND NORTHERN IRELAND Rockwool Limited, Pencoed, Bridgend CF35 6NY Tel: Fax: www. rockwool.ie REPUBLIC OF IRELAND Rockwool Limited, Unit 11, Northwood Court, Santry, Dublin 9 Tel: Fax: info@rockwool.ie