SIGNIFICANCE OF DWT TESTING FOR LINE PIPE SAFETY
|
|
- Emery Cooper
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SIGNIFICANCE OF DWT TESTING FOR LINE PIPE SAFETY M. ERDELEN-PEPPLER 1, R. GEHRMANN 1, G. JUNKER 1, G. KNAUF 1, A. LIESSEM 2 1 Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH, Duisburg, Germany 2 EUROPIPE GmbH, Ratingen, Germany ABSTRACT The drop-weight tear test (DWTT) is a common test method to determine the fracture appearance and fracture ductility of steel. International standards such as EN [1] and ASTM E 436 [2] cover drop-weight tear tests on ferritic steels in general, API RP 5L3 Recommended Practice for Conducting Drop-Weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe [3] considers the recommended test method to determine the fracture ductility of line pipe in particular as referred in API Specification 5L Specification for Line Pipe [4]. The fundamental purpose of DWT tests is to determine the appearance of propagating fractures in pipe steels over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle to ductile. In order to ensure a safe operation of gas transmission pipelines it is essential to provide line pipe steels with sufficient high fracture toughness. For example, the investigation of long running ductile fractures in gas pipelines is of tremendous importance when considering the integrity and safety of gas transmission pipelines. A typical measure for the toughness of steels is the Charpy energy determined with the Charpy V-notch impact test. The Charpy V-notch test is a small scale test, but in fact only full scale tests on pipes are suitable to yield information on the real fracture behaviour of pipe lines under service conditions. It has been found that the drop-weight tear test is an appropriate measure to predict the ductile to brittle transition temperature. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to give a general overview on the most important parameters that influence the test result achieved by the drop-weight tear test. Parameters such as test temperature, energy and the type of notch determine the test result on a more test based level, whereas microstructure, grade and size of the tested line pipe material are parameters given by the test material. Both affect the transition temperature from ductile to brittle in a characteristic way. 1 INTRODUCTION The avoidance of brittle fracture is of importance in most applications of line pipes. The drop weight tear test (DWTT) can be used to determine the fracture appearance of and fracture resistance against propagating fractures over a temperature range covering brittle and ductile fracture mode. Whereas impact tests, primarily related to the behaviour of the material subjected to a single force, can predict the likelihood of brittle fracture in cases where there is sufficient service experience, there are certain drawbacks correlated to specimen size and test method. On the other hand, DWT test as a medium scale test has been found suitable to predict closely the behaviour of the component and is therefore stipulated in standards for linepipes. This study is aimed at outlining important parameters that can influence the result of the DWT test. 2 DEVELOPMENT OF DWT TESTING The avoidance of brittle fracture in gas transmission pipelines has traditionally been ensured by the DWTT, established in the second half of the sixties based on a research work carried out by Battelle. Before that the studies on the fracture propagation phenomenon were based upon the so called Athens test, a full scale burst test consisting of a test section of about 200m in length pressurised with natural gas [5]. It is evident that this test methodology is rather elaborate, therefore research focussed on a laboratory test that allows evaluation of the transition temperature in a correct and easy way. The results of the West Jefferson test, a burst test carried out on a short pipe length filled to around 90% with liquid and pressurised with gas, emerged as a duplicate of the full scale test results regarding fracture appearance and fracture speed [6]. Moving to an even smaller test type, i.e. a laboratory test, the comparison between West Jefferson test results and the Charpy impact energy test proved not satisfactory. The transition temperature of the Charpy V specimen is shifted towards lower temperatures in comparison to the pipe
2 Figure 1: Comparison of transition temperature obtained by Charpy impact test, BDWT test and West Jefferson Test behaviour (Figure 1), therefore resulting in a non-conservative prediction. As ductile fracture mode is ensured by keeping the minimum operating temperature above the ductile to brittle transition temperature of the line pipe steels it is important to have reliable results from the laboratory tests. Different test methods were investigated to solve the problem and the Battelle Drop Weight Tear Test (BDWTT) showed the best correlation to the full scale behaviour [7]. The test specimen is 76 mm in height by 254 mm in length by full wall thickness in width, as can be seen in Figure 2. The original specimen had a pressed notch of 5mm depth that is centred between the supports on the anvil in the testing machine. In the course of the test the specimen is completely broken in one impact by a weight falling on the specimen side opposite the notch. Due to the plastic deformation induced by the impact, certain parts of the fracture surface are neglected when determining the percent shear area in accordance with the relevant test standard. In Figure 2 the area that is to be considered in the evaluation of percent shear area is cross hatched. The test was soon standardised by the American Petroleum Institute [3], other standardisation bodies followed later. Typical wall thicknesses in use at that time were below 13 mm and the yield strength of the steel grades was around 360 MPa with relatively low toughness levels. In the course of time, development of modern steel has led to higher levels of strength coupled with higher toughness of the material. Furthermore, the increase in operating pressure levels of pipelines required for greater wall thicknesses of the line pipes. As the area of application of the DWTT was broadened, it became clear that testing conditions could have a major influence on the result of the DWTT. Finally the energy consumed by the propagating crack was measured with the aim of characterising the resistance of line pipe steels against propagating ductile fracture, a totally different assessment of the test results. In this report the effect of test conditions on the result of the BDWT tests will be described. Figure 2: Schematic representation of BDWTT set-up Figure 3: Appearance of fracture surfaces [API notch (a), Chevron notch (b)]
3
4 4 INFLUENCE OF SPECIMEN THICKNESS API standard for DWTT stipulates, as an option for heavy wall thicknesses, that the full wall thickness may be machined down to 19mm. In these cases, the test temperature must be lower than specified temperature by 6 C to 10 C, depending on the original wall thickness. The effect of machining on the transition temperature was investigated [12]. The test results are depicted in Figure 5 in a diagram showing the measured transition temperature versus the specimen thickness that was machined from originally 32mm stepwise down to 15mm. The graph demonstrates that there was no common trend in the test results. Whereas the test on one material did show an influence of the machining on the transition temperature, reducing it by a small amount, the tests on the second material did not show an influence at all. The authors concluded that the general reduction of the test temperature that is stipulated in API 5L3 did not seem justified for all types of steels. 5 INFLUENCE OF AVAILABLE IMPACT ENERGY ON TRANSITION TEMPERATURE The sensitivity of DWTT results to the available impact energy was shown in publications [13]. Figure 6 shows by means of example results of a comparative study incorporating QT and TM steels. Both materials show a rise in the transition temperature as the impact energy is increased. Whereas the TM material shows a saturation in this trend, i. e. above a certain energy level the transition temperature remains stable, the QT material has a continuously rising transition temperature. This is an important finding because the impact energy is not precisely described in test standards, hence a considerable scatter in results cannot be excluded. 6 INSTRUMENTED DWT TESTING In accordance with existing procedures for the performance of instrumented impact testing, an instrumented DWTT was developed. The objective here is to measure the energy consumed by the specimen in the different phases of crack development, to distinguish between crack initiation and crack propagation behaviour and to compare these values with full scale test behaviour. The basic instrumentation consists of a load sensor and a data logger. The load is commonly monitored by strain go
5 Figure 7: Assessable part of fracture surface and force versus time graph Figure 8: Correlation between shear area and absorbed energy of BDWTT specimens (full symbols :total energy, open symbols: corrected propagation energy term) effects of testing conditions on the results of instrumented DWTT were carried out [14]. It was shown that there is a correlation between the impact energy and the crack speed. The maximum crack speed was measured as about 60 m/s, corresponding to around half the speed that occurs in a full scale test. Differences in speed were also observed for steels with varying toughness levels, where an enhancement of the toughness led to lower crack speeds when testing in the same conditions. The information about the crack speed can be utilised to compare the assessable parts of the fracture surface with the corresponding energy consumed by the propagating crack. The procedure is outlined in Figure 7 where the assessable parts of the fracture surface as well as the corresponding parts of the energy versus time graph are marked. It can be seen that the propagation energy has to be reduced by a certain amount to correspond to the assessed area. It can be expected that the energy consumed in the early parts of the propagation phase are influenced by the plastic deformation introduced in the specimen, the same holds true for the end of the propagating phase. This is especially important when correlating the energy and the shear area on the fracture surface. Figure 8 shows clearly that the two properties correlate only if the propagation energy term is corrected. 7 Current developments Up to now design against propagating ductile fracture for gas transmission pipelines is carried out on basis of Charpy impact test results. The most widely used approach is the Battelle simplified formulae that uses Charpy values to characterise the toughness of the material [15]. Being a semi-empirical approach, it worked well at the time it was developed with the commonly used materials. Soon it became clear that above a certain material grade that is associated with a higher toughness level correction factors are needed to predict the result of full scale tests. Early research showed that the Charpy impact values above 150 J are no longer representative for ductile fracture resistance as a larger portion of the energy consumed is required for the crack initiation [16]. In an extreme case, no fracture initiation takes place at all and the test turns from an impact test to a bend test. Correspondingly the comparison between impact energy values and DWTT energy values do not show a satisfying correlation for these high toughness materials. The drawback in utilising DWTT energy for the assessment of propagating ductile fracture phenomenon, although it is seen as a promising alternative to Charpy impact energy, must be seen in the
6 lack of an applicable methodology. At the same time, modified DWT tests are being used to measure the CTOA which is seen as the most appropriate material property for the characterisation of the resistance against ductile propagating fractures [17]. This is another example for current research activities. 8 Conclusions The DWT test that was developed in the 1970 s still plays a major role in the characterisation of line pipe safety. The requirements for test results, which are included in most line pipe standards, depend on the application of the pipes and can vary between 50% shear area to guarantee safety against brittle fracture and 85% shear area as a condition ensuring the fracture propagation mode to be ductile. The actual assessment in then carried out employing Charpy impact test results, yet current research results indicate that the use of DWTT results may be beneficial for this purpose, too. Because of the advantages of the DWTT in comparison to other toughness test methods, current standards should be critically reviewed with focus the effect the test conditions themselves can have on the test results. References [1] EN (1999), Metallic Materials Drop Weight Tear Test [2] ASTM E436 (1997), Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels [3] API 5L3 (1996), Recommended Practice for Conducting Drop weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe [4] API 5L Specification for Line Pipe, 2000 [5] Duffy, A.R., Full-scale studies; 3rd Symposion on Line Pipe Research, pp , American Gas Association, Catalogue No L30000, November 1965 [6] Eiber, R. J., Fracture propagation; 4th Symposion on Line Pipe Research, Paper I, American Gas Association, Catalogue No 30075, November 1969 [7] Eiber, R.J., Correlation of full scale tests with laboratory tests; 3rd Symposion on Line Pipe Research, pp , American Gas Association, Catalogue No 30000, November 1965 [8] Maxey, W.A., Barnes, C.R., Use of the Chevron notch DWTT as a Means of Avoiding High Initiation Energies; EPRG / NG 18, Paper 37, Paris, 1991 [9] Junker, G., Vogt, G., Comparison of test results from Chevron and Weld notch DWTT specimens with those from Pressed notch specimens, 3R International, 10/1994, p [10] Halsen K.O., Heier, E., Drop Weight Tear Testing of High Toughness Pipeline Material, to be published in Proceedings of IPC 2004, International Pipeline Conference, October 4-8, 2004, Calgary, Canada [11] High Strength Line Pipe Research Committee, Proposal of modified specimen for chevron notch drop weight tear test, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Tokyo, Sept. 1992, not published [12] Junker, G., Vogt, G., Effect of test conditions on the results of BDWT tests, 3R International, 3/1983, p [13] Junker, G., Einflüsse von Prüfparametern auf die Ergebnisse von BDWT-Versuchen; Mannesmann, 7. Großrohrsymposium in Moskau, [14] Junker, G., Vogt, G., Messung des dynamischen Rissfortschritts und der Energie an Großproben; Mannesmann, 8. Großrohrsymposium in Düsseldorf, [15] Maxey, W.A. et. al., Ductile Fracture Initiation, Propagation, and arrest in cylindrical vessels, ASTM STP 514, American Society of Testing and Materials, pp 70-81, 1972 [16] Demofonti, G. et. al, Fracture propagation resistance evaluation of X100 TMCP steel pipes for high-pressure gas transportation pipelines using full-scale burst tests, 4 th International Conference on Pipeline Technology, Belgium, 2004 [17] Rudland, D. L. et al., Investigation into the use of a single specimen for the determination of dynamic steady state propagation resistance in high toughness line-pipe steels, 4th International Pipeline Conference, Canada, 2002
Development of high strength material and pipe production technology for grade X120 line pipe
Development of high strength material and pipe production technology for grade X120 line pipe Hans-Georg Hillenbrand Andreas Liessem Karin Biermann Carl Justus Heckmann Volker Schwinn EUROPIPE GmbH, Mülheim,
More informationX100 - FRACTURE INITIATION AND PROPAGATION
X100 - FRACTURE INITIATION AND PROPAGATION G. Mannucci Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A, Rome, Italy G. Demofonti Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A, Rome, Italy M. Di Biagio Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A,
More informationDEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF HEAVY PLATES IN GRADES UP TO X120
DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF HEAVY PLATES IN GRADES UP TO X120 Fabian Grimpe - Mannesmannroehren Muelheim GmbH, Muelheim/Ruhr, Germany Stefan Meimeth - Mannesmannroehren Muelheim GmbH, Muelheim/Ruhr,
More informationPossible use of new materials for high pressure line pipe construction: The experience of SNAM RETE GAS and EUROPIPE on X 100 grade steel
Possible use of new materials for high pressure line pipe construction: The experience of SNAM RETE GAS and EUROPIPE on X 100 grade steel L.Barsanti, SNAM RETE GAS SpA H.G. Hillenbrand, EUROPIPE GmbH EUROPIPE.
More informationAssessment of Weld Integrity through Full Range Burst Test of API 5L X-70 Grade Line Pipe
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Applied Engineering and Scientific Research, 2017, 5(2):1-5 ISSN: 2278-0041 Assessment of Weld Integrity through Full Range Burst
More informationTransition of ductile and brittle fracture during DWTT by FEM
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2013 Transition of ductile and brittle fracture
More informationIMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE REELING SIMULATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ON LINE PIPE STEEL
Proceedings of the 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference IPC2014 September 29 - October 3, 2014, Calgary, Alberta, Canada IPC2014-33161 IMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE REELING SIMULATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
More informationStandard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels 1
Designation: E436 03 (Reapproved 2008) Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E436; the number immediately following the
More informationA SIMPLE PROCEDURE FOR SYNTHESIZING CHARPY IMPACT ENERGY TRANSITION CURVES FROM LIMITED TEST DATA
International Pipeline Conference Volume 1 ASME 1996 IPC1996-1826 A SIMPLE PROCEDURE FOR SYNTHESIZING CHARPY IMPACT ENERGY TRANSITION CURVES FROM LIMITED TEST DATA Michael J. Rosenfeld, PE Kiefner & Associates,
More informationThe right choice of steel according to the Eurocode
The right choice of steel according to the Eurocode Oliver Hechler 1, Georges Axmann & Boris Donnay 2 Keywords: steel, production, steel grade, material properties, ductility, toughness, weldability. Abstract:
More informationASE324: Aerospace Materials Laboratory
ASE324: Aerospace Materials Laboratory Instructor: Rui Huang Dept of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at Austin Fall 2003 Lecture 20 November 11, 2003 Fracture toughness
More informationTHE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL Stainless steel is primarily utilised on account of its corrosion resistance. However, the scope of excellent mechanical properties the within the family of
More informationX80 line pipe for large-diameter high strength pipelines
X80 line pipe for large-diameter high strength pipelines H.-G. Hillenbrand EUROPIPE GmbH C. J. Heckmann Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH K. A. Niederhoff Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH APIA 2002
More informationDevelopment of large-diameter line pipe for offshore applications
Development of large-diameter line pipe for offshore applications Dr. Michael Gräf Europipe Deutschland GmbH, Muelheim, Germany Dr. Hans-Georg Hillenbrand Europipe GmbH, Ratingen, Germany EUROPIPE. The
More informationg08 Investigations on Hydrogen Assisted Cracking of Welded High-Strength Pipes in Gaseous Hydrogen
Investigations on Hydrogen Assisted Cracking of Welded High-Strength Pipes in Gaseous Hydrogen M. Tröger q, C. Bosch q, J.-N. Wiart w, H. Meuser e, F.M. Knoop r, H. Brauer t, J. Schröder y q Salzgitter
More informationTransition temperature
Transition temperature Different criteria are used to determine the transition temperature, depending on the purpose of the application. Various criteria of transition temperature obtained from Charpy
More informationSTUDY OF SENT SPECIMENS WITH A TILTED NOTCH TO EVALUATE DUCTILE TEARING IN SPIRAL WELDED PIPELINE APPLICATIONS
STUDY OF SENT SPECIMENS WITH A TILTED NOTCH TO EVALUATE DUCTILE TEARING IN SPIRAL WELDED PIPELINE APPLICATIONS M. Deprez, F. Keereman, K. Van Minnebruggen, S. Hertelé, W. De Waele Ghent University, Laboratory
More informationHigh-strength large-diameter pipe for long-distance high pressure gas pipelines
High-strength large-diameter pipe for long-distance high pressure gas pipelines M. K. Gräf Europipe GmbH H.-G. Hillenbrand Europipe GmbH C. J. Heckmann Mannesmann Forschungsinstitut GmbH K. A. Niederhoff
More informationEFFECT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES ON THE HIC RESISTANCE OF ERW PIPES FOR LINE PIPE APPLICATIONS. + Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH ABSTRACT
Paper No. 11107 2011 EFFECT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES ON THE HIC RESISTANCE OF ERW PIPES FOR LINE PIPE APPLICATIONS J. Kraegeloh*, C. Bosch +, H. Brauer*, A. Kulgemeyer + *Salzgitter Mannesmann Line Pipe GmbH
More informationAnnex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-11299-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Period of validity: 17.10.2016 to 16.10.2021 Holder of certificate: Salzgitter
More informationTechnological solutions for ultra-high strength gas pipelines
Technological solutions for ultra-high strength gas pipelines Hans-Georg Hillenbrand Christoph Kalwa Andreas Liessem EUROPIPE GmbH, Mülheim, Germany EUROPIPE GmbH, Mülheim, Germany EUROPIPE GmbH, Mülheim,
More informationAnnex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-19890-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Period of validity: 03.11.2016 to 14.04.2020 Holder of certificate: Aktien-Gesellschaft
More information中国石油集团石油管工程技术研究院 C N P C T U B U L A R G O O D S R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E
中国石油集团石油管工程技术研究院 C N P C T U B U L A R G O O D S R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E Gazprom VNIIGAZ IV International Scientific and Technical Seminar Improvement of Reliability of Main Gas Pipelines Subject
More informationFracture resistance against internal pressure on high strength over X80 line pipe
Fracture resistance against internal pressure on high strength over X80 line pipe Nobuaki Takahashi 1, Akio Yamamoto 1, Mitsuru Miura 1, Hiroyuki Makino 2, Masahiko Hamada 2, and Izumi Takeuchi 3 1 Sumitomo
More informationKarel MATOCHA, Miroslav FILIP, Šárka STEJSKALOVÁ
DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL TEMPERATURE OF BRITTLENESS T K0 BY SMALL PUNCH TESTS Karel MATOCHA, Miroslav FILIP, Šárka STEJSKALOVÁ MATERIAL & METALLURGICAL RESEARCH, Ltd. Ostrava, Czech Republic, EU, karel.matocha@mmvyzkum.cz
More informationMANUFACTURING OF X100 PIPES FOR THE TAP PROJECT
Proceedings of IPC 6 6 th International Pipeline Conference September 5-9, 6, Calgary, Alberta, Canada IPC6-57 MANUFACTURING OF X PIPES FOR THE TAP PROJECT Dr. Hans-Georg Hillenbrand EUROPIPE GmbH Wiesenstraße
More informationPROGRESS IN FLAW GROWTH AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TESTING STP 536 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
PROGRESS IN FLAW GROWTH AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TESTING STP 536 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS PROGRESS IN FLAW GROWTH AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TESTING Proceedings of the 1972 National Symposium
More informationIntroduction. 1. Testing procedure. 1.1 Specimen shape
Brittle crack arrest properties in ship construction have become more important as shipbuilding steel plates become thicker and stronger. There have been indications that steel toughness can have the effect
More informationFundamental Study on Impact Toughness of Magnesium Alloy at Cryogenic Temperature
Fundamental Study on Impact Toughness of Magnesium Alloy at Cryogenic Temperature Akihiro Takahashi Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, Miyakonojo,
More informationEvaluation of Crashworthiness for SAE Materials under Ductile to Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT)
Evaluation of Crashworthiness for SAE Materials under Ductile to Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT) Amol Bhanage *1, Nilesh Satonkar # 2, Pratap Deshmukh # 3, Rupesh Sundge # 4 * Mechanical Engineering,
More informationCrack Arrestability of High- Pressure Gas Pipelines by X100 or X120
Crack Arrestability of High- Pressure Gas Pipelines by X100 or X120 S. Okaguchi, H. Makino, Corporate Research & Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd. A. Yamamoto, N. Takahashi Kashima
More informationDevelopment of low carbon NbTiB micro-alloyed
Development of low carbon NbTiB micro-alloyed steels for high-strength large-diameter linepipe C.J. Heckmann Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung, Duisburg, Germany D. Ormston Arcelor Innovation R&D-IRSID,
More informationCRACK ARRESTABILITY OF HIGH-PRESSURE GAS PIPELINES BY X100 OR X120
23rd World Gas Conference, Amsterdam 2006 CRACK ARRESTABILITY OF HIGH-PRESSURE GAS PIPELINES BY X100 OR X120 Authors Izumi TAKEUCHI Hiroyuki MAKINO Shuji OKAGUCHI Nobuaki TAKAHASHI Akio YAMAMOTO Sumitomo
More informationAnalysis of High-Collapse Grade P110 Coupling Failures
Analysis of High-Collapse Grade P110 Coupling Failures Michael G. Burns, P. E., Stress Engineering Services, Inc., Houston, Texas USA W. M. Buehler, Stork Testing and Metallurgical Consulting, Inc., Houston,
More informationSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF A508 GR. 4N CLASS 3 GRADE STEEL
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF A508 GR. 4N CLASS 3 GRADE STEEL Ladislav KANDER a, Šárka STEJSKALOVÁ a, Magdalena ŠMÁTRALOVÁ a, Petr ČÍŽEK a, Petr PUSTĚJOVSKÝ b MATERIAL AND METALLURGICAL RESEARCH Ltd., Ostrava,
More informationAnnex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-11278-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Period of validity: 12.05.2016 to 11.05.2021 Holder of certificate: Salzgitter
More informationFracture Behaviour of Three-layer PE-HD Pipe
Fracture Behaviour of Three-layer PE-HD Pipe E. Nezbedova*, Z. Knesl**, B. Vlach*, R. Lach***, W. Grellmann***; * Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, ** Institute of Physics of Materials,
More informationStudy of Thickness Effect on Fracture Toughness of High Grade Pipeline Steel
Study of Thickness Effect on Fracture Toughness of High Grade Pipeline Steel Hua ZHANG 1,,a,*, Hong ZHANG 1,b, Xinwei ZHAO,c,Yalong WANG,d and Na LI.e 1 China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 1049,China
More informationMATERIALS & MATERIAL GRADE SELECTIONS
MATERIALS & MATERIAL GRADE SELECTIONS Oleh: Ir. Murdjito, MSc.Eng Dosen Jurusan Teknik Kelautan Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya Structural Material Carbon
More informationSubject Index. STP 1207-EB/Dec. 1994
STP 1207-EB/Dec. 1994 Subject Index A Aircraft transparency, crack propagation prediction, 766 AlzO3 ceramics, impact testing, 793 Aluminum alloys stable growing crack, 48 tungsten inert gas welded, 339
More informationINVESTIGATIONS ON THE DYNAMIC FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF HEAVY-SECTION DUCTILE CAST IRON FOR TRANSPORT AND STORAGE CASKS
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DYNAMIC FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF HEAVY-SECTION DUCTILE CAST IRON FOR TRANSPORT AND STORAGE CASKS Karsten Müller, Wolfram Baer and Peter Wossidlo, Department of Materials Engineering,
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH HEAVY PLATE FOR THE PIPE INDUSTRY USING MODERN EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS
THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH HEAVY PLATE FOR THE PIPE INDUSTRY USING MODERN EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS Fabian Grimpe Heike Meuser Stefan Meimeth Elke Muthmann Andreas Liessem Charles Stallybrass
More informationTHE USE OF FIELD INDENTATION MICROPROBE IN MEASURING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WELDS
Recent Trends in Welding Science and Technology - TWR 89 Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Trends in Welding Research Gatlinburg, Tennessee USA 14-18 May 1989 THE USE OF FIELD INDENTATION
More informationDETERMINATION OF CRITICAL TEARING ENERGY OF TIRE RUBBER
DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL TEARING ENERGY OF TIRE RUBBER E.E. Gdoutos, P.M. Schubel and I.M. Daniel Robert McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois
More informationProduction and field weldability evaluation of X 100 line pipe
Production and field weldability evaluation of X 100 line pipe L. Barsanti, SNAM SpA G. Pozzoli, SNAM SpA H. G. Hillenbrand, Europipe GmbH EUROPIPE. The world trusts us. Production and Field Weldability
More informationSub-sized CVN specimen conversion methodology
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Draft ScienceDirect Draft Draft Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24
More informationUSE OF THE MASTER CURVE APPROACH FOR THE DYNAMIC TOUGHNESS CHARACTERIZATION OF PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS
USE OF THE MASTER CURVE APPROACH FOR THE DYNAMIC TOUGHNESS CHARACTERIZATION OF PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS 1. Introduction Hans-Werner Viehrig, Juergen Boehmert, and Alekzander Gokhman The master curve approach
More informationDuctile and Brittle Fracture of 1018 Steel and. 304 Stainless Steel Using Charpy Impact Test. Eman Mousa Alhajji. North Carolina State University
Ductile and Brittle Fracture of 1018 Steel and 304 Stainless Steel Using Charpy Impact Test Eman Mousa Alhajji North Carolina State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering MSE 355 Lab
More informationDevelopment of bimodal grain structures in microalloyed steels:
Development of bimodal grain structures in microalloyed steels: Niobium and titanium are added to high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels to provide grain boundary pinning precipitates to help produce the
More informationAPPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTED CHARPY METHOD IN CHARACTERISATION OF MATERIALS
Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 13(3), 479-487, 2015 APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTED CHARPY METHOD IN CHARACTERISATION OF MATERIALS Željko Alar 1, *, Davor Mandić 2, Andrija Dugorepec 1 and
More information2067-1b. Joint ICTP/IAEA Workshop on Irradiation-induced Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels November 2009
2067-1b Joint ICTP/IAEA Workshop on Irradiation-induced Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels 23-27 November 2009 Advanced use of fracture toughness information for RPV integrity assesssments Enrico
More informationDYNAMIC FRACTURE TOUGHNESS BEHAVIOUR OF DUCTILE CAST IRON WITH RESPECT TO STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT
Transactions of the 17 th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 17) Prague, Czech Republic, August 17 22, 23 Paper # G4-4 DYNAMIC FRACTURE TOUGHNESS BEHAVIOUR OF
More informationThe Weibull Stress Parameters Calibration upon the Toughness Scaling Model between Cracks Having Different Constraint
Transactions of the 17 th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 17) Prague, Czech Republic, August 17, 3 Paper # G3- The Weibull Stress Parameters Calibration upon
More informationFriction Welding of AISI 304 and AISI 1021 Dissimilar Steels at 1600RPM
Friction Welding of AISI 304 and AISI 1021 Dissimilar Steels at 1600RPM Amit Handa 1 and Vikas Chawla 2 1 Ph.D Research Scholar, Punjab Technical University, Jallandhar, Punjab, India 2 Director-Principal,
More informationIntroduction to Joining Processes
4. TEST METHODS Joints are generally designed to support a load, and must be tested to evaluate their load-supporting capabilities. However, it is also important to evaluate, not the joint, but rather
More informationThe Specifications Dilemma Posed by Ultra High Toughness Line Pipe Steels
The Specifications Dilemma Posed by Ultra High Toughness Line Pipe Steels B N Leis J M Gray, F J Barbaro Principal Managing Partner Director B N Leis, Consultant, Inc. Microalloyed Steel Institute Inc.
More informationCOMPARISON OF IMPACT TEST RESULTS ON SMALL AND ISO-V TYPE CHARPY SPECIMENS
COMPARISON OF IMPACT TEST RESULTS ON SMALL AND ISO-V TYPE CHARPY SPECIMENS Tapio Pianman, Matti Valo, Kim Wallin VTT Manufacturing Technology, P.O. Box 1704, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland ABSTRACT The ductile-to-brittle
More informationFor further information, contact Penspen Integrity:
This document was downloaded from the Penspen Integrity Virtual Library For further information, contact Penspen Integrity: Penspen Integrity Units 7-8 St. Peter's Wharf Newcastle upon Tyne NE6 1TZ United
More informationMechanical behavior of crystalline materials- Comprehensive Behaviour
Mechanical behavior of crystalline materials- Comprehensive Behaviour In the previous lecture we have considered the behavior of engineering materials under uniaxial tensile loading. In this lecture we
More informationsample initial height
EXPERIMENT 2 NOTCHED BAR IMPACT TESTING OF MATERIALS Background Materials sometimes display brittleness which precludes their use in a given design. Brittleness is characterized by fracturing with low
More informationGB/T Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T9711-2011 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 75.200 E 98 GB/T 9711-2011 Replacing GB/T
More informationSteel Properties. History of Steel
History of Steel Steel Properties Cast Iron Cast iron preceded wrought iron. It is brittle, has high carbon content with low tensile strength. It has excellent casting properties. It was mainly used to
More informationHyatt Hotel, Canberra, Australia th April 2007 CHALLENGES IN LINEPIPE MANUFACTURING FOR HIGH STRENGTH PIPELINES
16 th Biennial Pipeline Resarch Joint Technical Meeting of The Australian Pipeline Industry Association European Pipeline Resarch Group Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. Hyatt Hotel, Canberra,
More informationIn-situ Heating and Cooling of Charpy Test Specimens 2
M. P. Manahan, Sr. 1 In-situ Heating and Cooling of Charpy Test s 2 Reference: Manahan, M. P., Sr., In-situ Heating and Cooling of Charpy Test s, Pendulum Impact Testing: A Century of Progress, ASTM STP
More informationCharacterization and Testing of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (American Standards)
Workshop on FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC): MATERIALS, APPLICATIONS AND DESIGN ASPECTS UNIVERSITY OF SHARJAH, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 22-23 APRIL 2018 Characterization and Testing of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
More informationSOME ISSUES USING THE MASTER CURVE CONCEPT
SOME ISSUES USING THE MASTER CURVE CONCEPT Hans-Werner Viehrig and Jürgen Böhmert 1. Introduction The state-of-the-art structural integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessels (RPV) is based on the
More informationInfluence of Crack Dimensions and Heat Treatment on Fracture Behaviour of AA1050 Alloy Pipes Subjected to Bursting Pressures
Influence of Crack Dimensions and Heat Treatment on Fracture Behaviour of AA1050 Alloy Pipes Subjected to Bursting Pressures Chennakesava R Alavala Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University,
More informationME 207 Material Science I
ME 207 Material Science I Chapter 4 Properties in Bending and Shear Dr. İbrahim H. Yılmaz http://web.adanabtu.edu.tr/iyilmaz Automotive Engineering Adana Science and Technology University Introduction
More informationENGINEERING MATERIAL 100
Department of Applied Chemistry Division of Science and Engineering SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING ENGINEERING MATERIAL 100 Experiments 4 and 6 Mechanical Testing and Applications of Non-Metals Name: Yasmin Ousam
More informationEffects of Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Weld Metals for High-Cr Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steel
Effects of Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Weld Metals for High-Cr Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steel Genichi TANIGUCHI *1, Ken YAMASHITA *1 * 1 Welding Process Dept.,
More informationCHARACTERISATION OF INTERFACIAL CRACKING IN MICROELECTRONIC PACKAGING
CHARACTERISATION OF INTERFACIAL CRACKING IN MICROELECTRONIC PACKAGING Ian McEnteggart Microelectronics Business Manager Instron Limited, Coronation Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire HP12 3SY www.instron.com/microelectronics
More informationFracture Toughness of SE(B) Specimens of Steel in the Presence of Splitting. Pablo J. Lara Melcher, Enrique M. Castrodeza*
Fracture Toughness of SE(B) Specimens of Steel in the Presence of Splitting Pablo J. Lara Melcher, Enrique M. Castrodeza* Laboratory of Fracture Mechanics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
More informationStructural design criteria
chapter three Structural design criteria Contents 3.1 Modes of failure... 3.2 Theories of failure... 3.3 Theories of failure used in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code... 3.4 Allowable stress limits
More informationPrediction of fatigue crack propagation in aluminum alloy with local yield strength gradient at the crack path
Proceedings of 14 th International Conference on Mesomechanics, Budapest, Hungary, Sept. 25-28. 2012 Prediction of fatigue crack propagation in aluminum alloy with local yield strength gradient at the
More informationFINAL TECHNICAL REPORT AN EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE MECHANICS EVALUATION OF CREEP INDUCED EMBRITTLEMENT. NSF Grant ENG
FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT on AN EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE MECHANICS EVALUATION OF CREEP INDUCED EMBRITTLEMENT NSF Grant ENG 77-04430 Period from Oct. 1, 1977 to Jan. 31, 1980 SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING GEORGIA
More informationlow susceptibility to delayed fracture. High strength steels are known to be prone to delayed fracture.
Stricter requirements are imposed on collision safety by newly revised regulations such as Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No.214 and Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) 1). To
More informationEVALUATION OF THE FAILURE MODE TRANSITION IN HIGH STRENGTH TMCP STEEL WELD BY CHARPY IMPACT TEST
International Snow Science Workshop EVALUATION OF THE FAILURE MODE TRANSITION IN HIGH STRENGTH TMCP STEEL WELD BY CHARPY IMPACT TEST Chin-Hyung Lee,*, Hyun-Seop Shin, Su-Tae Kang, Bong-Chul Joo, Ki-Tae
More informationADVANCING THE STATE OF PRACTICE IN STEEL BRIDGE EVALUATION: APPLICATION OF THE MASTER CURVE AND FITNESS-FOR- SERVICE FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES
ADVANCING THE STATE OF PRACTICE IN STEEL BRIDGE EVALUATION: APPLICATION OF THE MASTER CURVE AND FITNESS-FOR- SERVICE FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES WILLIAM COLLINS RYAN SHERMAN ROBERT CONNOR BIOGRAPHY Dr. William
More informationTHE ROLE OF NIOBIUM IN LOW CARBON BAINITIC HSLA STEEL. Klaus Hulka Niobium Products Company GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
THE ROLE OF NIOBIUM IN LOW CARBON BAINITIC HSLA STEEL Klaus Hulka Niobium Products Company GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany ABSTRACT With higher strength, weight reduction can be achieved. Besides the required
More informationMeghan Oaks, Applied Process
LETTING MR. CHARPY DIE: EVALUATING THE USEFULNESS OF Introduction CHARPY IMPACT TESTING ON DUCTILE IRON Meghan Oaks, Applied Process The Charpy impact test is a simple test designed to evaluate materials
More informationMaterials Properties 2
Materials Properties 2 Elastic Deformation Most metals can only obey hook s law for s up to 0.005 Elastic Plastic y P Nearly all engineering is performed in the elastic region 0.002 Elastic Plastic y P
More informationChemical composition For the ladle analysis, the following limiting values in % are applicable: C Si Mn P S
500 Wear resistant steel Material data sheet, edition April 2016 1 DILLIDUR 500 is a wear resistant steel with a nominal hardness of 500 HBW in delivery condition ex works. DILLIDUR 500 is preferentially
More informationC. PROCEDURE APPLICATION (FITNET)
C. PROCEDURE APPLICATION () 63 INTRODUCTION INPUTS ANALYSIS FAD AND CDF ROUTES GUIDANCE ON OPTION SELECTION SPECIAL OPTIONS 64 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION: The Fracture Module is based on fracture mechanics
More informationAPPLICATION OF MASTER CURVE METHODOLOGY IN THE DUCTILE TO BRITTLE TRANSITION REGION FOR THE MATERIAL 20MnMoNi55 STEEL
APPLICATION OF MASTER CURVE METHODOLOGY IN THE DUCTILE TO BRITTLE TRANSITION REGION FOR THE MATERIAL 20MnMoNi55 STEEL S. Bhowmik, A. Chatterjee, S.K. Acharyya, P. Sahoo, S. Dhar, J. Chattopadhyay 2 Department
More informationINVAR M93 PIPES AND TUBES FOR LNG TRANSFER LINES WELDING PROCESSES. Stainless & Nickel Alloys
INVAR M93 PIPES AND TUBES FOR LNG TRANSFER LINES WELDING PROCESSES Being with LNG from the start of their venture in the 196s, ArcelorMittal - Stainless & Nickel Alloys has always strived to be proactive
More informationFatigue Crack Growth Rate Measurement in Welded Joints
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Measurement in Welded Joints P. Žlábek 1 and V. Mentl 2 1 West-Bohemian University Pilsen, Czech republic, zlabek@kme.zcu.cz 2 SKODA Research Ltd., Pilsen, Czech Republic, vaclav.mentl@skoda.cz
More informationAbstract. 1.0 Introduction
Effects of Reeling on the Mechanical Properties of HFI Welded Pipes Dr. Scott McCann, David Evans and Adam Bannister, Corus Tubes, UK and Dr Hock Tan, Subsea 7 Abstract In the offshore oil and gas industry
More informationIMPACT. Chemical composition For the chemical composition of the ladle analysis the following limits are applicable (in %):
IMPACT Wear resistant steel Material data sheet, edition April 2016 1 DILLIDUR IMPACT is a wear resistant steel with a nominal hardness of 340 HBW in delivery condition. DILLIDUR IMPACT is not a constructional
More informationEighth Symposium PROCEEDINGS LINE PIPE RESEARCH. Hyatt Regency Hotel. September 26 29, sposored by the. Houston, Texas COMMITTEE PIPELINE RESEARCH
PROCEEDINGS Eighth Symposium ON LINE PIPE RESEARCH Hyatt Regency Hotel Houston, Texas September 26-29, 1 993 sposored by the PIPELINE RESEARCH COMMITTEE American Gas Association »/ 3,^ "v/j I \ iff V*
More informationEXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CONCRETE BEHAVIOUR AT MESO-LEVEL DURING QUASI-STATIC SPLITTING TENSION
Size effect in concrete under tensile splitting - experiments and DEM analyses for different failure modes V International Conference on Particle-based Methods Fundamentals and Applications PARTICLES 2017
More informationME -215 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESES
ME -215 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESES Instructor: Office: MEC325, Tel.: 973-642-7455 E-mail: samardzi@njit.edu PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Chapter 3 Materials Properties STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE PROCESSING
More informationNITRONIC 19D LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
Chemical Processing Desalination/Water Treatment Oil Field Undersea Tubing AK STEEL NITRONIC 19D STAINLESS STEEL is a molybdenum-free, low nickel lean duplex stainless steel. The combination of strength,
More informationProceedings 1 st International Conference on New Forming Technology, Sept , Harbin, China, pp
Proceedings 1 st International Conference on New Forming Technology, Sept -9, Harbin, China, pp. 5-9 Water jet forming of steel beverage cans Dr. Wilko C. Emmens Corus Research, Development & Technology,
More informationRecent Developments in Through-Process Modelling of Aluminium Die-Castings
Proceedings of the th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, September 5-9,, Yokohama, Japan The Japan Institute of Light Metals pp. 68-686 68 Recent Developments in Through-Process Modelling of
More informationCommon Operating Problems
SYDNEY Pressure Vessels Field Manual Common Operating Problems and Practical Solutions Maurice Stewart Oran T. Lewis AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE
More informationPendulum Impact Testing Machine PIT752H 750J
Do Our Best for Your Test Description WANCE offers this series of pendulum impact testing machine designed for determining the impact resistance of metallic materials under dynamic loading. This series
More informationTesting methods for fracture modelling
Testing methods for fracture modelling Authors C.H.L.J. ten Horn, Corus Technology, IJmuiden (NL) M.P.J. Lambriks, Corus Strip Products IJmuiden, IJmuiden (NL) K. Unruh, Faurecia Autositze GmbH, Stadthagen
More information