Methodological basis for product-related eco-design

Transcription

1 Methodological basis for product-related eco-design Part A: R. Züst () ECODESIGN PILOT Ecodesign Process Integration in product development Part B: R. Högger (Head of Environment & Sustainability, Geberit) Company Profile Geberit and Environment LCA Duofix WC-Element Ecodesign in practice R. Züst Part C: Discussion R. Högger

2 Dr. sc. techn., Dipl. Masch. Ing. ETH Assistant Professor at ETH Zurich since 2000 Visiting Professor at Vienna University of Technology ( : ETHags Center for Sustainability at ETH Zurich ( since 2002: SISE AG ( Author of different books

3 Examples of Projects Reorganisation of the administration Courses in Project Management Ecodesign (Business-Area electric tools) Ecodesign (WEEE & RoHS-standards) Ecodesign (Workshops) Ecodesign (strategic issues and teaching) Ecodesign (EUP, Ecodesign standards) lectures

4 Benefit from Ecodesign innovative products improved cost structure future-orientedness of the enterprise improved environmental performance

5 Focus on Ecodesign - ISO /2004: indirect impacts (including products and services) - ISO/TR : Integration Environmental Aspects in Product development - Laws and regulations: for example WEEE and RoHS (product concept), and especially EUP -. Focus more on products & services

6 Options to improve products [Wimmer, Züst, 2002]

7 ECODESIGN PILOT Basic documentation: (learning) book CD-ROM (5 languages)

8 Knowledge about ECODESIGN (ll) [Wimmer, Züst, 2002]

9 Knowledge about ECODESIGN (lll) [Wimmer, Züst, 2002]

10 ECODESIGN-Process (l): Life-Cycle Thinking [Wimmer, Züst, 2002]

11 ECODESIGN-Process (ll): Strategies und Measures [Wimmer, Züst, 2002]

12 ECODESIGN-Process (lll): Risk and Benefit [Wimmer, Züst, 2002]

13 A short example 4 steps: Life-Cycle-Thinking and environmental-oriented evaluation (=> significant environmental impacts) improvement strategies successful measures implementation in the developing process

14 Life-Cycle-Thinking [Wimmer, Züst, 2002]

15 Improvement

16 Possible Strategies

17 Example [Wimmer, Züst, 2002]

18 Working with Check-Lists

19 Ecodesign Process [Wimmer, Züst, Lee, 2002]

20 Ecodesign Process 1. Product specific analysis and environmental-oriented evaluation; that would mean: environmental-oriented strength & weaknesses; environmental-oriented SWOT 2. Effective environmental-oriented strategies and successful improvement measures (design tasks) 3. Efficient product improvement process 4. Integration in planning process

21 Ecodesign Process Laws, standards, Customer s view Competitor s product(s) Environmental view ECODESIGN tasks Product improvement Integration in developing process [Wimmer, Züst, Lee, 2002]

22 Product Model (Life-Cycle-Thinking) [Wimmer, Züst, Lee, 2002]

23 Environmental View Laws, standards, Customer s view Competitor s product(s) LCA KEA Environmental view ECODESIGN tasks Product improvement Integration in developing process

24 Environmental Evaluation Environmental effects: Environmental impacts environmental problems: - ressources, polution, distruction - local, regional, global using eco-inventories (for example: ecoinvent.ch) Environmental-oriented indicators: using indicators, for example - cost-profile, mass-profile - energy-profile - profile of environmental harmful substancies

25 Energy Analysis (KEA) Energieaufwand für Rohstoffgewinnung Energieaufwand für Herstellung Energieaufwand für Distribution Energieaufwand für Betrieb Energieaufwand für Recycling MJ

26 Life-Cycle-Assessment Weighted impact over the product life cycle 70,00% 60,00% 50,00% 40,00% 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% End of Life 0,00% -10,00% Product Use Distribution ARD POC Manufacture EU AD Raw material GW GW AD EU POC ARD Global warming (GW) Ozone layer depletion (OD) Acidification (AD) Eutrophication (EU) Photochemical oxidant creation (POC) Abiotic resource depletion (ARD) [Wimmer, Züst, Lee, 2002]

27 Different views Cost profil Mass profile Energy profile Environmental profile

28 Ecodesign Process Laws, standards, Customer s view Competitor s product(s) Environmental view ECODESIGN tasks Product improvement Integration in developing process

29 Ecodesign Process E-QFD E-BM Laws, standards, Customer s view Competitor s product(s) Environmental view ECODESIGN tasks Product improvement Integration in developing process

30 Environmental QFD [Wimmer, Züst, Lee, 2002]

31 Environmental Benchmarking [Wimmer, Züst, Lee, 2002]

32 Ecodesign Process Laws, standards, Customer s view Competitor s product(s) Environmental view ECODESIGN tasks Product improvement Integration in developing process [Wimmer, Züst, Lee, 2002]

33 Ecodesign Process Laws, standards, Customer s view Competitor s product(s) Ecodesign-Assistant Environmental view ECODESIGN tasks Product improvement Integration in developing process [Wimmer, Züst, Lee, 2002]

34 Ecodesign-Assistant

35 Example (l)

36 Example (ll)

37 Example (lll)

38 Example (lv)

39 Example (V)

40 Example (Vl)

41 Example (Vll)

42 Integration in Product Development Integration in developing process [Wimmer, Züst, Lee (2004)]

43 12 Steps Reference model: - Environmental analysis: Step 1 Step 4 - Search for measures: Step 5 and Step 6 - Implementation: Step 7 Step 11 - Communication: Step 12 (Springer 2004)

44 Step 1 Step 4 Step 1: What product(-system) has to be redesigned? (product model, based on environmental parameter) Step 2: What are the stakeholder requirements? What is expected from the product? (E-QFD, based on environmental parameters) Step 3: Which are the environmental-oriented strength and weaknesses compared with competitors products? (E-BM, based on environmental parameters) Step 4: What are the significant environmental aspects of the product throughout its entire life cycle? ( environmental aspects)

45 Step 5 and Step 6 Step 5: How to combine stakeholder s requirements and significant aspects into improvement strategies (selection of strategies by using ECODESIGN PILOT (or ECODESIGN assistant)) Step 6: Which ECODESIGN guidelines should be implemented in the product (selection of measures by using the checklists from ECODESIGN PILOT)

46 Step 7 Step 12 Step 7: What are the product specifications to start with? Step 8: How to modify the functional structure of the product? Step 9: How to generate new ideas for the functions of the product? Step 10: How to generate and select the best product concept variants? Step 11: How does the improved product look like? Step 12: How to communicate the environmental improvements of the product to the market?

47 Ecodesign Process E-QFD E-BM Laws, standards, Customer s view Competitor s product(s) LCA KEA Ecodesign-Assistant Environmental view ECODESIGN tasks Product improvement Integration in developing process

48 Conclusion (l) 1. Clear and easy understandable systematic 2. New ideas with Life-Cycle-Thinking 3. Three dimensional environmental analysis 4. Guided workshops; interdisciplinary discussion 5. Ecodesign strategies and improvement measures in the language of designers and engineers 6. Easy integration in (already existing) developing processes 7. Mostly no contradiction between economical and ecological measure