Ecodesign. Contents & Objectives

Transcription

1 CENTRE TECNOLÒGIC DE LES TECNOLOGIES DE LA PRODUCCIÓ Ecodesign T-POT 18/06/2009 Contents & Objectives Environment y environmental problems Ecodesign Concept and benefits Methodology Tools Norma UNE :2003 Case studies Acquire knowledge on ecodesign as a tool to improve companies environmental behavior, reducing the environmental impacts generated by its products, processes or services. Identify the industrie opportunities. Knowing the existing eco-design methodologies and put them into practice Understand the importance of ecodesign on Sustainable Development

2 ENVIRONMENT Environment is all the reality that surrounds us and which are part - Physical (climate, geological factors, territory...) - Biological (ecosystems, animals and plants...), - Socioeconomic and cultural SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS The most important are: Air pollution: - Global Warming - Acid rain - Weakening Ozone Layer Water Pollution Energetic Consumption Waste generation Soil Pollution AIR POLLUTION Fresh air is a mixture of gases containing tiny particles. Composition: 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% carbon dioxide, argon and other gases Air pollution adds certain gases in the atmosphere. The air pollution in cities and industrial areas contains higher than normal concentrations of gases that are normally not present in the atmosphere and is mainly due to human activities. Origin: industry, power generation transport.

4 AIR POLLUTION Global Warming Global Warming Increasing the average temperature on Earth over the past 100 years. Caused by natural variations of terrestrial climate that have taken place in the history of the Earth. Climate change Refers to change of climate attributed directly or indirectly from human activity that alters the composition of the Global Atmosphere Especially due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other gases that can cause a greenhouse effect. AIR POLLUTION Global Warming The greenhouse effect is the heating of the surface due to the presence of an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases are: water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane

5 AIR POLLUTION Acid Rain Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. Wet deposition (rain, snow, sleet, fog and cloudwater, dew) Dry (acidifying particles and gases) It has harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. AIR POLLUTION Ozone layer Depletion The ozone layer is essential to life on earth, as it absorbs harmful ultraviolet-b radiation from the sun Located between 10 and 50 km above the Earth's surface. The main potential consequences are: increase in UV-B radiation at ground level disturbance of the thermal structure of the atmosphere, probably resulting in changes in atmospheric circulation; reduction of the ozone greenhouse effect changes in the tropospheric ozone and in the oxidising capacity of the troposphere.

6 WATER POLLUTION Contamination of water: lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater Caused by human activities, which can be harmful to organisms and plants. It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly into water without previous treatment. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

7 WASTE GENERATION Unwanted or undesired material or substance. Typical materials that are found in household waste: biodegradable wastes, batteries, aerosols, oils, acids and fluorescent tubes have specific environmental impacts,. Littering: visible form of solid waste pollution. disposing of waste inappropriately, typically in public places. Marine debris or marine litter: human-created waste that has been deliberately dumped, or accidentally become afloat. Illegal dumping or flytipping: unregulated disposal of materials on private or public land Leaching: contaminants from solid waste enter the soil or ground water systems, contaminating them. ECOINNOVATION Innovation activities in order to support a significant improvement of the environmental protection. Ecoinnovation includes: new production processes, new products or services new methods management and business to avoid or reduce the risk of environmental pollution and other negative impacts of the use of resources throughout the life cycle activities

8 ECODESING Concept and benefits Eco-design is the set of actions aimed at environmental improvement of products at an early stage of design. Improving the role and concept of the product Selection of materials with lower impact, Alternative processes Improvement of transport and logistics Improvement in the use of products reducing the environmental impacts of packaging Minimizing the impact on the final stage of treatment ISO/TR Environmental management Integration of environmental aspects on products design and development" UNE "Environmental Management of the design and development - Ecodesign ECODESING Concept and benefits Actions involved: Design of products taking into account the entire life cycle (raw materials, production, distribution, use, end of life). Incorporation of environmental criteria during the design of a product and the stages of production, distribution, use, recycling and final treatment, such as: Saving energy and water resources in general. Using materials and energy. Use of less polluting raw materials. Incorporation of recycled and recyclable materials. Separation and identification of components of simple materials. Reduction of environmental load (waste and emissions) associated with the lifecycle of a product.

9 ECODESING Concept and benefits Reduction of manufacturing and distribution costs. Compliance with applicable environmental regulations and anticipation at future changes Improvement of the quality product (durability, functionality, recyclability...) Brand image and product Increased added value of products with a lower environmental impact throughout its life cycle and better quality. Possibility to access green markets or environmental-friendly procurement Accessibility to eco-labeling systems Innovation within the company (new solutions, creating new market opportunities) ECODESING Methodology & Tools 1. Team Creation 2. Preparations of an Ecodesign project 3. Environmental Analysis 4. Tools Selection 5. Actions for improvement 6. Developing concepts 7. Action plan 8. Monitoring and evaluation Communication of the environmental product

10 1. Team Basic characteristics: Small Well organised Decision-making capacity Multidisciplinary 1. Team Designer: Generate ideas, evaluate proposals and translate them into concrete actions. Product Engineer / Production department: analysis of the feasibility of technological changes proposed design. Environmental Analysis Expert: Participation in defining the scope and objectives of the process and proposals for improvement. Marketing Expert: participated in defining the scope and objectives of the process. Preparations for the introduction of product Ecodesign. Department Responsible: Quality, environment, purchasing Design Manager: Set scope and objectives of the process. Participate in the final selection of actions to implement improvements in the new product. Coordinate and ensure the participation of other actors

11 2. Preparation Selections of the product to be Ecodesigned Product with sufficient degrees of freedom to allow modification greatly affected by the motivating factors of Ecodesign Investigation of the motivating factors to perform Ecodesign External Legislation and regulation Market Competitors Social environment Sectorial Organizations Suppliers Internal Increase product quality improvement of the product and company image Reduction of cost Innovative power Sense of environmental responsibility Motivations of employees Legislation and regulation Directive 75/439/CEE waste oil management. Directive 94/62/CE packaging and waste packaging. Directive 2000/53/CE end of life vehicle Directive 2002/91/CE de , energy efficiency on buildings. Directive 2002/95/CE, restrictions on using hazard substances in electric and electronical equipment Directive 2002/96/CE WEE: European directive on waste electric and electronical equipment Directive 2005/32/CEEuP Energy Using Products 1907/2006 REACH Registration, evaluation and authorization of chemical substances

12 Market Ecolabeling 3. Environmental Analysis Set the limits of the product General perspective of the environmental aspects Environmental aspect: element of the activities, products or services of an organisation which can interact with the environment F.ex: consumption of water generation of hazard waste atmospheric emissions: CO 2 Environmental impact: any change in the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, resulting wholly or partly from the activities, products or services of an organisation F.ex: Reduction of natural resources pollution greenhouse effect, acid rain, reductions of the ozone layer

13 3. Environmental Analysis 4. Tools Checklist List of questions regarding the entire product life cycle in order to identify their strengths and weakness. Matrix MET: materials used, energy consumed and pollution generated Analysis MIPS: biotic raw materials (renewable) abiotic raw materials (nonrenewable) soil movements in agriculture and forestry, water and air. Cumulative energy demand: quantification of the energy consumed directly or indirectly. Graphs representing the various environmental issues related to the product lifecycle in different axes departing from a single central point. Eco Indicator: quantitative tool. Eco-Indicator 99 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

14 LCA The Life Cycle Analysis is a tool to analyze the environmental aspects of a product, process or activity throughout its life cycle, from raw materials through its production and final life, until his death as a waste, including transport and other related information. It is a technique to evaluate the environmental impact associated with a product, identifying and quantifying both use of resources, energy and emissions, to determine the impact of this use of resources and emissions and to assess and strategies for environmental improvement. LCA PHASE I-SCOPE I AND OBJECTIVES Defining the system and its limits. PHASE-II ANALYSIS INVENTORY Quantification of: inputs (energy consumption, raw materials...) outputs (emissions, waste, waste water...) system associated with the relevant product. To facilitate the analysis, it can be divided in interconnected subsystems Objectives & Scope Analysis inventory Impact evaluation Interpretation

15 LCA PHASE III- IMPACTS EVALUATION Assessment of the potential impacts of the inputs and outputs identified in the inventory 4 phases: Classification Characterization Normalization Weighting Objectives & Scope Analysis Inventory Impact evaluation Interpretation PHASE IV- INTERPRETATION Evaluation of final results of the analysis of the inventory and evaluation of impacts in accordance with the objectives and scope of the study to draw conclusions and / or recommendations LCA applications Possible applications of LCA: - Design of new products and services - Analyze the sources of impacts on a product - To compare variations in product improvement - Comparative studies between similar products - Information for implementing environmental management systems - Preparation to meet the criteria for the eco-labels - Information on the environmental performance of a product or service.

16 5. Actions for improvement Generate ideas for improvement of the product Brainstorming: State all ideas No criticism allowed Say the first thing that comes into your head Quantity and not quality Combinations Table of 8 strategies Raw material Production Transport Use End of Life New products Select low impact materials Reduce use of materials Select environmentally efficient production techniques Select environmentally efficient distribution Reduce the environmental impact in the utilisation phase Optimise the life cycle Optimise the end of life system Optimise the function Development of new concepts 5. Actions for improvement Prioritise ideas for improvement of the product Prioritisation matrix Technical feasibility Financial viability Benefits for the environment Motivating Factors Prioritisation: short term medium term long term

17 6. Developing concepts Development of a technical environmental specification and generation of conceptual alternatives of the product 7. Action Plan Establish medium and long term actions plan for all measures of environmental improvement of the product PRODUCT Action plan: implementation of the measures Medium and long term COMPANY Action plan: involve product development department. Possibility to obtain other benefits Anchoring Ecodesign in standard ISO 14004, ISO 9001

18 7. Action Plan 8. Monitoring and evaluation Evaluation of the results in order to: draw conclusion and learn to transmit the environmental results (externally & internally) Evaluate the improvement of the main environmental aspects comparing those of the new product with the initial one checking the fulfilment of the environmental requirements set out Analyse how environmental improvements affect the fulfilment of the Motivating factors Combine environmental improvements and the fulfilment of the motivating factors and express this to the stakeholders interested

19 ECODESING UNE :2003 Environmental Management of the process of design and development. Eco-design Establishes the requirements of an Environmental Management System of the process of design and development of the products and/or services of an organization. The main benefits are: obtaining an environmental certification, having environmental information about their product/service improving the company image and reducing costs. ECODESING UNE :2003

20 CASE STUDY Ecodesign T-POT 18/06/2009 CASE STUDY ECODESING 1. Team Creation 2. Preparations of an Ecodesign project 3. Environmental Analysis 4. Tools Selection 5. Actions for improvement 6. Developing concepts 7. Action plan 8. Monitoring and evaluation Communication of the environmental product

21 1. Team External motivating factors Legislation and regulation 2. Preparation Market Competitors Social environment Sectorial Organizations Suppliers

22 Internal motivating factors Increase product quality 2. Preparation Improvement of the product and company image Reduction of cost Innovative power Sense of environmental responsibility Employees MET Matrix 3. Environmental Analysis Use of MATERIALS Use of ENERGY Toxic EMISSIONS Raw material Production proces Distribution Use End of life

23 5. Actions for improvement Table 8 Strategies for Ecodesign Strategies for improvement Measures Comments Raw material Production Transport Use End of Life Select low impact materials Reduce use of materials Select environmentally efficient production technics Select environmentally efficient distribution Reduce the environmental impact in the utilisation phase Optimise the life cicle Optimise the end of life system New products Optimise the function Development of new concepts 6. Developing concepts Development of a technical environmental specification and generation of conceptual alternatives of the product

24 7. Action Plan 8. Monitoring and evaluation

25 Sources and Links Brezet, H. y van Hemel, C Ecodesign, A promising approach to sustainable production and consumption. UNEP. elca2. Website and Databases for the implementation of IPP by SMEs. DG Information Society, Europe Commission. Num Y2C2DM AL1. Lewis, H.; Gertsakis, J Design + environment. A global guide to designing greener goods. Greenleaf Publishing. Tischner, U. et al How to do ecodesign? Editat per German Federal Environmental Agency. Kazazian, T Design et développement durable. Il y aura l'âge des choses légères. Victoires Ed. Casos pràctics d'ecodisseny. Disseny per al reciclatge. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Medi Ambient, Junta de Residus, Centre Català del Reciclatge. Barcelona Practical manual of Ecodesign Ihobe CENTRE TECNOLÒGIC DE LES TECNOLOGIES DE LA PRODUCCIÓ Thank you! mescamilla@leitat.org