IN SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION

Transcription

1 IN SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION Mark Klemmer September 30, 2016

2 Disclaimers and Notices The materials herein are intended to furnish viewers with a summary and overview of general information on matters that they may find to be of interest, and are provided solely for personal, non-commercial, and informational purposes. The materials and information contained herein are subject to continuous change and may not be current, correct, or error free, and should not be construed as professional advice or service. You should consult with an Arcadis or other professional familiar with your particular factual situation for advice concerning specific matters. THE MATERIALS AND INFORMATION HEREIN ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITH ALL FAULTS AND WITHOUT ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, OF ANY KIND BY ARCADIS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON- INFRINGEMENT, NO ERRORS OR OMISSIONS, COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ARCADIS DISCLAIMS ALL EQUITABLE INDEMNITIES. ANY RELIANCE ON THE MATERIALS AND INFORMATION HEREIN SHALL BE AT YOUR SOLE RISK. ARCADIS DISCLAIMS ANY DUTY TO UPDATE THE MATERIALS. ARCADIS MAY MAKE ANY OTHER CHANGES TO THE MATERIALS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. The materials are protected under copyright laws and may not be copied, reproduced, transmitted, displayed, performed, distributed, rented, sublicensed, altered, or otherwise used in whole or in part without Arcadis' prior written consent.

3 About the Presenter MARK KLEMMER, PE Vice President Technical Expert o c e mark.klemmer@arcadis.com 27 September

4 Thermal Remediation: Broad range of disciplines k = AA ee EEEE RRTTT Thermodynamics Geology / Hydrogeo 8X 4X Inorganic Chemistry Civil Electrical Mechanical Engineering Rate 2X 1X 10C 20C 30C 40C Physical & Organic Chemistry Biology Temp

5 In Situ Thermal Use Address Challenging Problems Source zones DNAPL below the water table LNAPL smear zones Low permeable settings Fractured bedrock Rapid schedule High probability of success NAPL (Environment Agency of the UK, 2003) (courtesy of TerraTherm, Inc.)

6 Thermal Removal Mechanisms Volatilization of NAPL: Vapor pressure / boiling point Stripping of dissolved phase: Henry s Law (courtesy of TerraTherm)

7 Thermal Removal Mechanisms Vapor Pressures Increase Exponentially During Heating Target Temperature: 100 C >100 C Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) Temperature ( C) (after TerraTherm)

8 Thermal Removal Mechanisms Formation of Low Boiling Point Azeotropes Co-boiling at water-napl interface; example: PCE and Water 1 ATM Vapor Pressure mm Hg Total Pressure Vapor Pressure PCE Vapor Pressure of Water 88 C (SteamTech) C Temperature C 88 C

9 Boiling of Azeotropic Mixture Vapor pressure at water- NAPL interface is additive

10 Conceptual Model of Typical ISTR Site Treated vapor to atmosphere Vapor treatment Power distribution system Electrodes/ Heater wells/ Steam Injection wells Extraction well Knockout pot Heat exchanger Blower Pump Vapor cap Water treatment Discharge Temperature and pressure monitoring holes (after TerraTherm) Treatment area foot-print

11 Thermal Conductive Heating (TCH) Gas-Fired Well Field Gas Burner Exhaust Re-Heater Well Contaminant Vapors and Steam GW Flux < 1 ft/day (after TerraTherm)

12 Gas Fired TCH Wells ISTD Heater Well (GEO GTR)

13 Thermal Conductive Heating (TCH) Electric Wells (TerraTherm)

14 Electric TCH Well Field (TerraTherm)

15 Electrical Resistance Heating Contaminant Vapors, Steam, and Liquids Water Water GW Sand Flux < 1 ft/day Rate and Uniformity of Heating Governed by Soil Resistivity Varies by a Factor of ~200 (after TerraTherm) Electrode

16 ET-DSP Electrode Design (McMillan-McGee)

17 ERH Well Field Power Distribution System For Electrodes Water Distribution System For Electrodes MPE Wells Stacked Electrodes Vapor and Liquid Manifolds

18 Sometimes One Technology Alone Won t Get the Job Done Contaminant Vapors and Steam GW GW Flux > 1 ft/day (after TerraTherm)

19 Combine ISTR Technologies to Match Site Conditions Contaminant Vapors, Steam and Liquids Steam Steam (after TerraTherm)

20 Smoldering Combustion STAR and STARx are based on the process of smoldering combustion: Exothermic reaction converting carbon compounds to CO 2 + H 2 O Fuel Contaminated Soil or Waste Product Heater Element (for ignition only) Combustion Injected Air Heat Oxidant Smoldering possible due to large surface area of organic liquids (e.g., NAPL) within the presence of a porous matrix (e.g., aquifer)

21 Suitable contaminants High energy value / low volatility contaminants preferred: Weathered diesel Heating Oil Fuel Oil Crude Oil Bunker Oil Non-crude material: Creosote Coal Tar

22 Low Temperature Thermal Enhanced Hydrolysis Reactions Cl H 100,000,000,000,000 Data Sources: Jeffers et al. (1989, 1996) and Washington (1995) Cl Cl H H 1,000,000,000,000 1,2-DCE PCE 1,1,1-TCA 1,1-DCE 10,000,000,000 TCE Calculated Half Life (days) 100,000,000 1,000,000 10, CF 1,1,2-TCA 1,2-DCA 1,1-DCA CT CA 1,1,2,2-TeCA 1,1,1-TCA Acetic Acid 1,1-DCE 1 (Klemmer, et al, 2012) PeCA Temperature ( C) 1,2-DCP

23 Source Area Well Performance 50, Concentration (micrograms per liter) 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, ,1-DCE 1,1,1-TCA Temperature Days Since Start Temperature C

24 Thermal In-situ Sustainable Remediation (TISR)

25 Thermal Modeling 8 m 35 C

26 Arcadis. Improving quality of life. 27 September