Speaker Lowell Kessel GEO Incorporated - Gas Thermal Remediation Services

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1 Speaker Lowell Kessel GEO Incorporated - Gas Thermal Remediation Services

2 2 1980s- Steam Enhanced Extraction Netherlands Soil & GW Remediation Thermal Conductive Heating Shell Oil Co.- In Situ Soil & GW Licensed to Terra Therm TPS TECH Ex Situ US and Europe Ex Situ Soil Piles 1990 s- Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) McMillan McGee and others Soil and Groundwater Remediation ET Energy - EOR 2010 s- In Situ TCH by GTR GEO Inc In Situ Soil & GW Ex Situ Soil / Sludge

3 350 Soil Temperature Curve (centroid location) C Ex- Situ Less heat loss to surrounding In- Situ Less heat loss to groundwater Heating Days

4 Closed-loop in-situ thermal conduction heating system Treatment temperatures from ~70 C to >400 C Petroleum fuel (ethanol, diesel) Propane and Natural Gas provide heating fuel Applicable to CLAY, Fractured Bedrock, Soil and Groundwater

5

6 Natural gas, propane, diesel, gasoline, ethanol, etc Flexibility has been key for many projects. National Avg: April 2014 Natural Gas per kwh is ~$0.05 Propane per kwh is ~$0.07 AC per kwh is ~$ pmt_5_6_a m=1654

7 Outer tube Inner tube

8 Faster (Rapid mobilization, smaller footprint, & no electrical installation) Scalable (Can be applied to very small and very large projects) Pilot Tests for less than $200,000 Full Scale for less than $500,000

9 apor pressure of organic materials increase iscosity of separate phase liquids decrease Increases desorption Diffusion rates increase Solubility increases Increases biodegradation Rates of Hydrolysis increase Thermal Oxidation

10 Heat Transport Equation: Soil Thermal conductivity (l) [W/mK] Permeability [m2] Clay (dry) Water saturated clay Sand Water saturated sand 2-4 Gravel (dry) Water saturated gravel Fractured Bedrock (Granite) ACE EE

11 Level of Heating & Contaminant 1. OCs: Gentle Heating (BTEX, COCs) 2. OCs (COCs, PAHs) 3. SOCs (PCBs, dioxins) Target Treatment Temperature ( C) Heating Well Spacing (m) Desiccation of Zone? Range of Costs (all inclusive) ($/m 3 ) < No > Depends Yes

12

13 9 GTR Heater Wells 6 apor Extraction Points (dual nested) 4 TPMPs C3 Technology apor Condensation Unit (75 scfm) with BAAQMD Permit Onsite Liquid Treatment Existing Natural Gas Connection Existing Electrical Connection

14 100 C Treatment Temperature in adose Soils Maintained for 185 days. 2,938 Pounds of PCE, cis-1,2-dce, and inyl Chloride Recovered as DNAPL from vapor treatment (condensation) system 1 month post-remediation vapor results 180 ug/m3. 3 month post-remediation vapor results 70 ug/m pore volume steam exchanges (calculated) in treatment zone. 5,944 gallons aqueous phase liquid (water) recovered and treated onsite.

15 Specialized Equipment Needed to Access Interior Through Standard Personnel Door. Attention in Design Needed to Comply with Strict (school zone) Air Permitting (DCE, inyl Chloride) Temperature and Steam Sweeping Essential to Complete COC Removal

16 Partially Inside and Outside Active Facility. TTZ: 900 ft² to an average depth of 18 ft bgs. Silt and Silty Clay with GW beginning at 9 ft bgs. COC contaminants exhibited maximum concentrations of TCA = 640 ug/l, DCA = 320 ug/l, TCE = 1.6 ug/l, 1,1-DCE = 1.6 ug/l. Treatment Goal: COC mass reduction of 90%. Inside Building

17 E 00 m m 3.42 m 6.80 m m 1 2 SE m 2.50 m 7.81 m 4.95 m 2.50 m m m 2.30 m 6.80 m 6.20 m 4.40 m 2.50 Legend m 2.50 m Legend TPS Treatment 4 Zone [ TPS Treatment Zone ( 3 1sq m 3,6 0 sqf ]) ( 3 1sq m 3,60 sqf]) TPS Equipment m Area TPS Equipment Area 3" Co 3" Co bustio bustio 1 Fe Fe Lie Lie ( 1 5 m [41 ft] Combi ed Legth ( 1 5 m [41 ft] Combi ed Legth 10" Co 10" Co 0 bustio bustio [ AirDuct AirDuct C e ( 1 m 361 ft] ombi d Legth) ) ( 1 m 361 ft] ombi Legth) TCH Well with Co-Located TCH Well with Co-Located apor Extraction Well (59 Total) apor Extraction Well (59 Total) TCH Well with Co-Located apor TCH Well with Co-Located apor Extraction and TCU (30 Total) m Extraction and TCU (30 Total) Thermocouple (6 Total) Thermocouple (6 Total) apor 2Extraction m Well (5 x Total) apor Extraction Well (5 Total) apor 8Extraction 4Line apor Extraction 2.30 Line ( 1 4 m [60 ft] Combi m ed Legth ( 1 m [60 ft] 7Combi ed t Legth Former Pit Former Pit Column Column 2.30 m 7.00 m 2.40 m TITLE: PROJECT: DRAWN BY: CHECKED BY: 0 5 Scale In Meters BB Legend Legend TPS Treatment 4 Zone [ TPS Treatment Zone ( 3 1sq m 3,6 0 sqf ]) ( 3 1sq m 3,60 sqf]) TPS Equipment m Area TPS Equipment Area 3" Co bustio 1 Fe Lie 3" Co bustio Fe Lie ( 1 5 m [41 ft] Combi ed Legth ( 1 5 m [41 ft] Combi ed Legth 10" Co 10" Co 59 0Heating bustio bustio [ AirDuct AirDuct C ewells ( ( 1 1 m m ft] ft] ombi ombi d Legth) Legth) ) (2.5 TCH Well m with Co-Located well spacing) TCH Well with Co-Located apor Extraction Well (59 Total) apor Extraction Well (59 Total) TCH Well with Co-Located apor TCH Well with Co-Located apor Extraction and TCU (30 Total) Extraction and TCU (30 Total) Thermocouple (6 Total) 59 Co-Located apor apor 2Extraction m Well (5 x Total) apor 8Extraction 4Line Wells Thermocouple (6 Total) apor Extraction Well (5 Total) apor Extraction Line ( 1 4 m [60 ft] Combi ed Legth ( 1 m [60 ft] 7Combi ed t Legth Former Pit Former Pit Column Column 7 apor Extraction Wells Existing Natural Gas Connection (to Heating 0 5 Wells) and Existing Electrical Scale In Meters Connection (to SE) Combustion and apor Extraction Lines JN Target Temp = 100 C SCALE: Mississauga DATE: 06/17/2013 REISION: 1" = 5 m 7

18 Results TCA Concentration (ug/l) before = 640 ug/l TCA after = 4 ug/l Outside the Building before = 320 ug/l DCA after = 2 ug/l DCA Concentration (ug/l) before = 855 lbs 100 C reached in before all zones and = 563 depths within 84 days of system lbs start. 98% reduction in COCs from groundwater achieved (goal = 90%) Lessons Learned Hydrolysis of TCA is powerful in-situ reduction mechanism Shipping, customs clearance, permitting (U.S. to Canada) should be started directly after design is approved

19 GTR ISTCH Individual Burner System: 1. Applicability: soil temperatures < 70 C to > 325 C 2. Speed: Mobilize and commence GTR operations in Weeks not months 3. Scalability: small pilots to acre size projects 4. Economics: No waiting/paying for electrical utilities, transformers, switchgear, third party inspections. 5. Guarantees available

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