The Utility of the Future - Distributed, Low Carbon and Energy Efficient

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1 Sustainable Communities Training Conference The Utility of the Future - Distributed, Low Carbon and Energy Efficient Sustainability through Service 10 March Fred Blood Sustainability Officer

2 Primary Concepts: Theodore Roosevelt, 1910 I recognize the right and duty of this generation to develop and use the natural resources of our land; but I do not recognize the right to waste them, or to rob, by wasteful use, the generations that come after us

3 Three Clients: End User Stock holder (Taxpayer) Grandchildren Same Goal

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6 Peak Oil Projections for the Peak in World Oil Production

7 Where We Are Today Consumption for Average Residential Customer Waste Waste Waste Generation and distribution Inefficient gas appliances Inefficient electric appliances Fuel for electricity Natural gas Power, light, and usable heat Source: A Micro-Grid with PV, Fuel Cells, and Energy Efficiency, Tom Hoff, Clean Power Research.com

8 Homeland Security Vulnerability of the Electrical Grid to Natural Disasters High-voltage power line cut by fallen tree limb near Oregon/California border - August 10, 1996 Before After Affected a 9-state region Lasted up to 3 weeks in some areas Almost 16 million people affected in California alone Source: W. Becker, U.S. DOE Source: W. Becker, U.S. DOE

9 Vulnerability of Our Economy to Power Outages It is not the cost of electricity that drives our decision-making process, rather it is the cost of NOT having electricity. Jeff Byron, Energy Director, Oracle Corporation High-Value Situations: Reliability, Power Quality Stock Brokerage = $5M - $7M/hr Credit Card Srvcs = $2M - $3M/hr Phone 800 # Srvcs = $150K - $225K/hr Nationwide = $35 B to $70 B in losses per year Source: DOE Strategic Plan for Distributed Energy Resources, September 2000

10 800,000 Louisiana outages Katrina Aug 29, ,000 Mississippi outages Katrina Storm Surge approaches Michoud plant, photo by Entergy Michoud plant manager Don McCroskey

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12 Linear Energy Flow

13 Austin, Texas 2003 Population: 681, th Largest City in United States 2003 MSA Population: 1,377, % change: City owned Electric Utility 360,000 customers 10 th Largest Municipal Live Music Capital Forbes Top 10 for Business (May 24, 2004) EAC Only I&M program in Nation in always attainment area (no CMAQ funds)

14 Albert Einstein The world is a dangerous place to live, not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it. Bertrand Russell The point of philosophy is to start with something so simple as not to seem worth stating, and to end with something so paradoxical that no one will believe it.

15 Vision For Clean, Affordable and Reliable Energy Energy Efficiency is at the top of the list Technology advances will make solar and wind both the dominant and the most affordable way to make electricity through both centralized and decentralized generation. Major technological targets should be zero energy buildings and ultracapacitors (cont d)

16 Vision For Clean, Affordable and Reliable Energy Transfer almost all our transportation sector fueling to biofuels and the electric grid through mass production of flexible fuel plug-in hybrids. Eventually unify the transportation and electric sectors into one electric system running off multiple fuels. All new coal facilities should be integrated gasification combined cycle units with carbon capture and sequestration. Any new nuclear should be required to achieve a waste reduction both in volume and radioactivity of current nuclear wastes.

17 Climate Protection Plan Municipal Plan Utility Plan Homes and Buildings Plan Community Plan Go Neutral Plan

18 Municipal Plan Municipal Operations 100% Renewable Energy by 2012 Fleet carbon neutral by 2020 Department level climate protection plans Employee education and community outreach

19 Utility Plan 700 MW savings (second conservation plant) by % from Renewable Resources by MW by Solar CO2 Cap and reduction Plan for emissions All new generation carbon neutral plus sequestration and offsets

20 Energy Use Modification Peak Clipping Energy Efficiency Load Shifting

21 Capital Cost New Generation Power Plant Cost/kW Natural Gas Combined Cycle $750 Pulverized Coal $1,549 Nuclear $3,000 Source National Energy Technology Lab (NETL)

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23 Homes and Buildings Plan New Single Family Homes - zero netenergy capable by 2015 Increase Energy Efficiency by 75% in ALL new construction by 2015 Disclosure of historic energy uses and facilitate energy improvements at point of sale Enhance Green Building Program, develop Carbon Neutral certification

24 Over 4,500 singlefamily homes rated Over 5,000 multifamily units rated GBP rating required for all affordable housing Green by Design workshops for homeowners Residential Green Building Single and Multi Family

25 Net Zero Energy Habitat for Superinsulated walls, floors and ceilings Efficient appliances Solar water heating system Compact fluorescent lighting Windows coated with thin layers of metallic oxide to help keep heat in during the winter and out during the summer. 4-kilowatt photovoltaic system Humanity Home

26 GO NEUTRAL Plan Carbon footprint calculator, tailored to Austin Menu of GHG offsets to purchase offsets Celebrate carbon neutral households and businesses Promote carbon neutrality to visitors, airport travelers, trade shows, etc.

27 21 st Century Utility Premise #1: Buildings last for ~50 years and constitute a lasting legacy. What energy and electricity services will energy providers offer for buildings? Premise #2: Customers do not purchase electrons or therms; they buy heat, cooling, lighting, etc. How will energy providers meet the need for services?

28 Services Not Electrons Two District Cooling Plants Provides chilled water for Air Conditioning, uses thermal storage for off-peak savings. Domain Crossing Provides chilled water, electricity and hot water. Uses a 4.3 MW gas fired combustion turbine, 2500 ton absorption chiller. Mueller Energy Center Dell Children s Hospital (LEED Platinum) Steam, electricity, chilled water, de-ionized water.

29 THE SUN S ENERGY Each hour enough sunlight strikes the Earth to meet the world s energy needs for an entire year.

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31 Today s Status in U.S. 16,000 MW installed at end of 2007 Cost 6-9 /kwh at good wind sites* Wind DOE Cost Goals 3.6 /kwh, onshore at low wind sites by /kwh, offshore in shallow water by 2014 Long Term Potential 20% of the nation s electricity supply NREL Research Thrusts Improved turbine performance and reliability Distributed wind technology Utility grid integration Low wind speeds Off-shore wind * With no Production Tax Credit Updated 1/07, validated 7/07 Source: U.S. Department of Energy, American Wind Energy Association

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34 Technology Change Combined Cycle Gas Plant Gas Microturbine Fuel Cell

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36 Why Do We Need the Smart Grid? Current Partial Control Not Integrated Not Optimized Not Interactive No Self-Healing Utility Focus Future More Secure Total Control Integrated Optimized Interactive Self-Healing Customer Focus

37 Plug-in Partners Campaign Purpose: Demonstrate a national market for flexible-fuel plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Coalition: Local and state governments, utilities, businesses and non-profit organizations Actions: Soft fleet orders, endorsements, rebates and incentives, petitions and letters Kickoff: January 24, 2006 National Press Club Washington, DC

38 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Being Fueled by Solar Electricity

39 Multiple Fuel, Multi-Directional Zero Energy Home PHEV/BEV Distributed Utility Fossil Fuels Nuclear Solar Wind

40 Needs - Grid Fueling and Energy Storage Efficient Building Design/ Technologies Internet Renewables Wind/ Solar Utility Operations Advanced Metering Consumer Control Interface Data Management DG & Energy Storage Batteries/ Hydrogen Smart End-Use Devices

41 Current and Emerging PHEV Issues Potentially increasing conversion market. Vehicle to Grid (V2G) issues. Energy Storage development (battery, capacitor).