Assessing and Managing Data Limited Fisheries using FISHE

Transcription

1 Assessing and Managing Data Limited Fisheries using FISHE

2 The Problem Tend to manage what you know Expect assessed fisheries to do better than unassessed fisheries Small scale fisheries much more common, so most of the world s fisheries are probably underperforming

3 Which fisheries are underperforming?

4 The Fix Need to know how fishery is doing (status) Where it wants to go (targets) And what to avoid (limits) in order to manage effectively Conventional methods not feasible Data Time Expertise

5 Good News Many data poor tools available But different data needs and outputs No silver bullet Which methods are appropriate? How do we use the outputs? Need framework for extracting management guidance from tools

6 FISHE status Adaptively monitor and collect data

7 FISHE status Adaptively monitor and collect data

8 Step 1. Ecosystem Assessment How is the ecosystem doing? Can it support the fishery? Will a fishery intervention work? Qualitative Risk Assessments: Ecological Risk Assessment for the Effects of Fishing (ERAEF) level 1: Scale Impact Consequence Analysis 1,2 Comprehensive Assessment of Risks to Ecosystems (CARE) 3 Quantitative: Ecosystem Threshold analysis (coral reef systems) 4,5 (1) Hobday et al., 2011; (2) Smith et al., 2007; (3) Battista et al. in review; (4) McClanahan et al., 2011; (5) Karr and Fujita et al. in press

9 Step 1. Ecosystem Status Qualitative Risk Assessment

10 Step 1. Ecosystem Status Quantitative Risk Assessment Karr 2011 blog.soleilorganique.com

11 Step 1. Ecosystem status Total Fish Biomass (kg/ha) Karr 2011 blog.soleilorganique.com Clanahan et al. 2011

12 Change in Ecosystem State Step 1. Ecosystem Status Method 2: Threshold analysis Indicators of state change < 0.3 B o ecosystem state change Precautionary Action? < 0.5 B o ecosystem recovery potentially possible Low > 0.5 B o early warning signs, monitor B o = unfished density Maintain status quo, address non-fishing threats High Total Fish Biomass McClanahan et al. 2011, Indian Ocean; Karr et al., 2015, Caribbean Sea/ Indonesia

13 FISHE status Adaptively monitor and collect data

14 Step 2: Vulnerability of Stocks Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) 1 productivity of the stocks - basic life history (FishBase, local knowledge) susceptibility of the stock to fishing- local knowledge Productivity and susceptibility stock vulnerability high low (1) Patrick et al., 2009; (2) Apel. A., K. Karr and R. Fujita ID Common Name Vulnerability Category 2 1 Nassau grouper High 2 Red snapper High 3 King mackerel High 4 Silk snapper High 5 Yellowtail snapper High 6 Black grouper High 7 Mutton snapper High 8 Blackfin snaper High 9 Hogfish High 10 Spiny lobster High 11 Queen conch High 12 Gray angelfish Moderate 13 Barracuda Moderate 14 French angelfish Moderate 15 Schoolmaster snapper Moderate 16 Black snapper Moderate 17 Lane snapper Low 18 Stoplight parrotfish Low

15 FISHE status Adaptively monitor and collect data

16 Step 3. Assess Stock Status MPA Density Ratio 1 Length-Based Mortality Estimates Length based sustainability indicators Mean length/weight Length based SPR Spawning Potential Ratio-Based Decision Tree 3 Reserve-Based Spawning Potential Ratio 4 Visual Survey Spatial Assessment 5 costs, time and data: (1) McGuillard et al., 2011; (2) Froese et al. 2009; Cope and Punt, 2009; Ault et al. 2005; Hordyk et al. N.D. (3) Prince et al., 2011 (4) Honey and He, in prep (5) Karr et al. in prep

17 Method Matrix

18 Mean Density Step 3. Assess Stock Status One Option: MPA Density Ratio Rockfish Rebound Pacific Rockfish Fishing Grounds Marine Reserve Groupers, Glover's Atoll General use No-take zone Fishing Grounds Marine Reserve 2 0 Palsson and Pacunski, 1995 MPA density ratio = 0.04 MPA density ratio = 0.7

19 FISHE status Adaptively monitor and collect data

20 Step 4: Prioritize Stocks Low Vulnerability Medium Vulnerability High Vulnerability Low Depletion Low Priority Potential for increased harvest Medium Priority Potential for increased harvest; monitor the stock Medium Priority Use precaution; assess if targeted for expanded fishing effort or if bycatch rates are high Medium Depletion High Priority Potential for relatively high sustainable yield; assess and set management measures High Priority Potential for relatively high sustainable yield; assess and set management measures High Priority Potential for low or moderate sustainable yield; assess and set management measures High Depletion High Priority Reduce fishing; anticipate rapid rebuilding High Priority Reduce fishing; anticipate slower rebuilding High Priority Ban fishing; anticipate slow rebuilding

21 FISHE status Adaptively monitor and collect data

22 Step 5: Assess priority species and set management measures Depletion-Corrected Average Catch (DCAC) 1 Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis (DB-SRA) 2 Catch-MSY 3 Fractional Change in Lifetime Egg Production (FLEP) 4 MPA-Based Decision Tree 5 Length-Based Methods Length based SPR Length based sustainability indicators Mean length/weight and reserve based (1) MacCall, 2009; (2) Dick and MacCall, 2011; (3) Martell and Froese, 2012 (4) O Farrell and Botsford, 2005 (5) Wilson et al., 2010; (6) Froese et al. 2009; Cope and Punt, 2009; Ault et al. 2005; Hordyk / Prince et al. 2014

23 Method Matrix

24 Step 5: Assess priority species and set management measures Designing an Adaptive Management Plan Applying the Adaptive Management Plan

25 FISHE status Adaptively monitor and collect data

26 Launching an Interactive Website!

27 Crunching Numbers Many methods are now being automated NRDC Data Limited Fisheries Toolkit Over 40 methods Rapid analysis using many methods Simulation testing Can be customized to work with many different kinds of fisheries Check it out at

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29 Launching an Interactive Website!

30 Get Started Workbook contains: Table of Contents and Guidance Fishery, Governance, and Data Characterization Worksheets Materials for each Step Fishery Management Plan Template

31 Step 1: Assess Ecosystem

32 Step 1: Assess Ecosystem

33 Step 2: Determine Vulnerability

34 Determine Vulnerability: PSA

35 Step 3: Stock Status

36 Step 3: Stock Status

37 Step 4: Prioritize Stocks

38 Step 5: Assess Stocks

39 Step 5: Assess Stocks

40 Step 6: Manage Adaptively

41 Method Matrix

42 Extra Slides Methods from FISHE

43 Assess Ecosystem: Method 1

44 Assess Ecosystem: Method 2

45 Assess Ecosystem: Method 2 cont.

46 Assess Ecosystem: Method 3