LEED, Lighting, and Sustainable Design

Transcription

1 LEED, Lighting, and Sustainable Design May 27 9:00 am. 5:00 pm Melanie Taylor, NBBJ Michael Lane, Lighting Design Lab Barbara Erwine, Paladino & Company Designers TAG Member Reviewer Melanie, Michael, Barbara

2 What is LEED? The LEED Process Best Practices Individual Credits ASHRAE Standard 189 Living Building Challenge & LEED 3.0 A refresher How it s done The basics The Nitty Gritty An alternative The future WHAT IS LEED?

3 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Voluntary, consensus-based rating system national standard measuring tool to reward sustainable design decisions LEED does not guaranty sustainable design LEED Rating System TM To measure the sustainable aspects of a project To compare the project with other sustainable building projects To create an owner s manual for the building Why Use LEED?

4 LEED does not necessarily produce good lighting design It awards points for avoiding some transgressions Introduction to LEED WHO DEVELOPED LEED? LEED was developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC( USGBC) USGBC is a not-for-profit organization comprised of a board of directors & volunteer committees from the building industry USGBC decisions are made on a consensus basis US Green Building Council

5 New New Construction Existing Buildings Commercial Interiors Core Core and and Shell Shell Homes Homes Neighborhood Neighborhood Development Development Multiple Multiple Buildings Buildings & & Campuses Campuses Schools Schools Healthcare Healthcare Retail Retail Laboratories Laboratories Retail Retail multipleoccupancy multipleoccupancy and and multipledevelopment multipledevelopment projects projects across across all all building building types types & occupancies. occupancies. Launched Pilot Pilot USGBC LEED Products More than 10,000 member organizations and a network of 75 regional chapters From USGBC website USGBC Chapters

6 From USGBC website Growth of USGBC? August 1998 LEED for New Construction launched at USGBC Membership Summit USGBC Founded NC Pilot

7 March 2000 Twelve initial pilot projects achieve certification under LEED for New Construction Version 1.0. LEED for New Construction Version 2.0 USGBC Founded NC Pilot NC LEED-EB Pilot LEED-CI Pilot LEED-NC Version 2.1 USGBC Founded NC Pilot NC 2.0 EB Pilot CI Pilot NC

8 October 2003 LEED-CS Pilot USGBC Founded NC Pilot NC 2.0 EB Pilot CI Pilot NC 2.1 CS Pilot October 2004 LEED for Existing Buildings Version 2.0 November 2004 LEED for Commercial Interiors Version 2.0 USGBC Founded NC Pilot NC 2.0 EB Pilot CI Pilot NC 2.1 CS Pilot EB 2.0 CI

9 November 2005 LEED for New Construction Version 2.2 As of January 1, 2006, all projects must register under Version 2.2 USGBC Founded NC Pilot NC 2.0 EB Pilot CI Pilot NC 2.1 CS Pilot EB 2.0 CI 2.0 NC July 2006 LEED for Core and Shell 2.0 USGBC Founded NC Pilot NC 2.0 EB Pilot CI Pilot NC 2.1 CS Pilot EB 2.0 CI 2.0 NC 2.2 CS

10 USGBC Founded 2007 LEED for Homes Pilot LEED for Neighborhood Development Pilot LEED for Schools (2 nd Draft) LEED Retail Pilot Health Care NC Pilot NC 2.0 EB Pilot CI Pilot NC 2.1 CS Pilot EB 2.0 CI 2.0 NC 2.2 CS 2.0 H Pilot ND Pilot School 2 nd Draft Retail Pilot As of May 2008, over 3.5 billion sq.ft. of building projects (over 10,000 individual projects) have registered to seek LEED certification

11 Prerequisites (required for all projects) no point value Credits points assigned based on achievement of threshold performance Rating level assigned based on number of points achieved Point Based System

12 New Construction: New building design & construction or major renovations POINTS 69 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum What is LEED NC? Existing buildings: addresses building operation and ongoing upgrades and performance improvements POINTS 85 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum What is LEED EB?

13 POINTS 57 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum Commercial Interiors: For owners, tenants & design teams addressing design and installation of interiors. (Note: process can be driven by either owners or tenants.) What is LEED CI? Core and shell: projects where interiors are not part of the initial design process POINTS 61 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum What is LEED CS?

14 Homes: For residential design and construction projects. POINTS 130 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum What is LEED Homes? POINTS 106 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum Neighborhood Development: Addresses neighborhood design with projects across all building types & occupancies. What is LEED ND?

15 Addresses the unique nature of the design of these specific building types Schools POINTS 79 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum Retail POINTS 71 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum HealthCare POINTS 71 possible Certified Silver Gold Platinum Schools, Retail & HealthCare Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovative Design Process Six Key Areas

16 Sustainable site development Light Pollution Reduction Sustainable Sites (SS) Water savings No lighting-related credits Water Efficiency (WE)

17 2,500,000 Annual Energy Consumption (kwh) 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, ,000 0 Base Model Reduced Lighting Power De nsity Energy efficiency Prerequisites for commissioning and minimum energy performance Energy Savings (both exterior & interior lighting Additional Commissioning Energy Use, Measurement & Verification Energy & Atmosphere () Materials Luminaires don t count toward materials credits MRc4 Recycled Material and MRc5 Regional Materials (these include CSI MasterFormat Divisions 2-10 ONLY!) Windows can count toward MRc4 and 5 Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs Materials & Resources (MR)

18 Indoor environmental quality Controllability of Systems: Lighting Provision of Daylight Provision of Views Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Neighborhood Pattern Development Transit Facilities (ND NPDc9) Green Construction & Technology Infrastructure Energy Efficiency (ND GCTc15) Neighborhood Development

19 THE LEED PROCESS LEED Committee TAG s LEED Reference Standard Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIR) Reviewers & Staff Public Comment (States) (Clarify / Modify) (Interprets) Response /Revision LEED Committee writes the Reference Guide Technical Advisory Groups (TAG s) Respond Member Ballot Release Evolution of LEED Products

20 Lists Prerequisites & Credits Intent Requirements Potential Technologies & Strategies Reference Standards Calculations Approach & Implementation LEED Reference Guide Provide background & additional guidance on calculations, thresholds, & methodologies An integral part of the Reference Guide Additional Help: Ref. Standards

21 Credit Interpretation Request Technical Advisory Group (TAG) Credit Interpretation Ruling Posted: Additional Help: CIR s Specifications Section Special Procedures - LEED Green Building Requirements Additional Help: Green Specs

22 Registration Design Docs Uploaded Prelim Design Review Awarded Pending Denied Final Design Review Anticipated Denied Const. Docs Uploaded Prelim Const. Review Awarded Pending Denied Final Const. Review Awarded Denied Appeal LEED NC Online Process At the end of the design & construction phases, LEED information is input into LEED Online Letter Templates Backup documentation is kept on file for final LEED application review Letter Templates

23 Registration fee: $450 / $600 (member / non-member) Certification fee Combined Design & Construction Review < 50,000 sq.ft. = $1,750 / $2,250 50, ,000 sq.ft. = $0.035 / $0.045 per sq.ft. > 500,000 sq.ft. = 17,500 / $22,500 (may be submitted in two parts design & construction) LEED NC Fees Indoor Environmental Quality 22% Innovation & Design Process 7% Sustainable Sites 20% Water Efficiency 7% Materials & Resources 19% Energy & Atmosphere 25% Lightingrelated LEED Credits 26% Non- Lighting LEED Credits 74% LEED NC Credit Distribution

24 Project Name Project Ow ner LEED TM Sco r ecar d Date Total Project Score Possible Points 69 Certified: 26 to 32 points Silver: 33 to 38 points Gold: 39 to 51 points Platinum: 52 or more points Sustainable Sites Possible Points 14 Materials & Resources Possible Points 13 easy mod. diff. easy mod. diff. Prereq 1 Erosion & Sedimentation Control Prereq 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables Credit 1 Si t e Select io n 1 Credit 1.1 Building Reuse, Maintain 75% of Existing Shell 1 Credit 2 Urban Redevelopment 1 Credit 1.2 Building Reuse, Maintain 100% of Existing Shell 1 Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment 1 Credit 1.3 Building Reuse, Maintain 100% Shell & 50% Non-Shell 1 Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access 1 Credit 2.1 Construction Waste Management, Divert 50% 1 Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 1 Credit 2.2 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% 1 Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation, Alternative Fuel Refueling Stations 1 Credit 3.1 Resource Reuse, Specify 5% 1 Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity 1 Credit 3.2 Resource Reuse, Specify 10% 1 Credit 5.1 Reduced Site Disturbance, Protect or Restore Open Space 1 Credit 4.1 Recycled Content, Specify 25% 1 Credit 5.2 Reduced Site Disturbance, Development Footprint 1 Credit 4.2 Recycled Content, Specify 50% 1 Credit 6.1 Stormwater Management, Rate or Quantity 1 Credit 5.1 Local/Regional Materials, 20% Manufactured Locally 1 Credit 6.2 Stormwater Management, Treatment 1 Credit 5.2 Local/Regional Materials, of 20% Above, 50% Harvested Locally 1 Credit 7.1 Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands, Non-Roof Surfaces 1 Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 Credit 7.2 Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands, Roof Surfaces 1 Credit 7 Certified Wood 1 Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 1 Indoor Environmental Quality Possible Points 15 Water Efficiency Possible Points 5 easy mod. diff. easy mod. diff. Prereq 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Credit 1.1 W ater Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% 1 Prereq 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Credit 1.2 W ater Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation 1 Credit 1 Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Monitoring 1 Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 1 Credit 2 Increase Ventilation Effectiveness 1 Credit 3.1 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction 1 Credit 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction 1 Credit 3.2 Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction 1 Credit 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy 1 Credit 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants 1 Energy & Atmosphere Possible Points 17 Credit 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints 1 easy mod. diff. Credit 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Carpet 1 Prereq 1 Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning Credit 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood 1 Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance Credit 5 Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control 1 Prereq 3 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Credit 6.1 Controllability of Systems, Perimeter 1 Credit 1.1 Optimize Energy Performance, 20% New / 10% Existing 2 Credit 6.2 Controllability of Systems, Non-Perimeter 1 Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance, 30% New / 20% Existing 2 Credit 7.1 Thermal Comfort, Comply with ASHRAE Credit 1.3 Optimize Energy Performance, 40% New / 30% Existing 2 Credit 7.2 Thermal Comfort, Permanent Monitoring System 1 Credit 1.4 Optimize Energy Performance, 50% New / 40% Existing 2 Credit 8.1 Daylight & Views, Daylight 75% of Spaces 1 Credit 1.5 Optimize Energy Performance, 60% New / 50% Existing 2 Credit 8.2 Daylight & Views, Views for 90% of Spaces 1 Credit 2.1 Renew able Energy, 5% 1 Credit 2.2 Renew able Energy, 10% 1 Innovation & Design Process Possible Points 5 Credit 2.3 Renew able Energy, 20% 1 easy mod. diff. Credit 3 Additional Commissioning 1 Credit 1.1 Innovation in Design: Specific Title 1 Credit 4 Ozone Depletion 1 Credit 1.2 Innovation in Design: Specific Title 1 Credit 5 Measurement & Verification 1 Credit 1.3 Innovation in Design: Specific Title 1 Credit 6 Green Pow er 1 Credit 1.4 Innovation in Design: Specific Title 1 Credit 2 LEED Accredited Professional 1 Prepared by Paladino and Company Inc., Copyright 2001 LEED Scorecard INDIVIDUAL CREDITS

25 Intent Requirements Potential Technologies & Strategies Reference Standards Credits Preserving open space and recycling developed land is a sustainable pattern of development Reuse Existing Sites Safeguard Site Ecology Reduce Regional Impacts SS Sustainable Sites (SS)

26 Lighting Issue NC 2.2 School & Retail CS CI EB Homes ND Light Pollution SSc8 SSc8 SSc8 SSc7 GCTc20 Safety, Security Comfort Tenant Guidelines Lighting Energy & Controls SSc9 SS Sustainable Site Development Version 2.1 March 2003 SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction (1 Point) Intent Eliminate light trespass from the building and site, improve night sky access and reduce development impact on nocturnal environments Still used in LEED-EB & LEED-CI SS

27 SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction (2.1) Meet or provide lower light levels and uniformity ratios than those recommended by the IESNA Table 1: Recommended Maintained Illuminance Values for Parking Lots Enhanced Basic Security 2 Minimum Horizontal Illuminance 3 lux fc Uniformity Ratio, Maximum to Minimum 6 20:1 15:1 Minimum Vertical lllurninance 7 lux Fc SS RP-33 recommendations SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction (2.1) Design exterior lighting such that all exterior luminaires with more than 1000 initial lamp lumens are shielded and all luminaires with more than 3500 initial lamp lumens meet the Full Cutoff IESNA Classification SS Which lamp could you use?

28 SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction (2.1) The maximum candela value of all interior lighting shall fall within the building (not out through windows) The maximum candela value of all exterior lighting shall fall within the property SS SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction (2.1) Any luminaire within a distance of 2.5 times its mounting height from the property boundary shall have shielding such that no light from that luminaire crosses the property boundary SS

29 Version 2.0 July 2005 Shield all outdoor luminaries 50 watts and over so that they do not directly emit light to the night sky. OR Provide calculations showing that less then 5% of light emitted by all outdoor lighting reach the night sky on an annual basis. SS Option A & B Light to the Night Sky Version 2.0 July 2005 With the building interior, exterior and site lights on and off, measure the illumination levels at the same locations at regular intervals around the perimeter of the property The property perimeter illumination levels measured with the lights on must not be more than 10% above the levels measured with the lights off SS Option A Light Trespass

30 Version 2.0 July 2005 Provide calculations showing that the maximum candela value of all interior lighting falls within the building (not out through windows) and the maximum candela value of all exterior lighting falls within the property Provide documentation that all luminaires within a distance of 2.5 times their mounting height from the property line have shielding that allows less that 5% of the light from these fixtures to cross the property boundary SS Option B Light Trespass Projects that Earned Credit: 55% Project that Never Attempted Credit: 45% Summary of Issue: Credit has low impact on operations and maintenance Documentation is too burdensome Important issue, but often very difficult to achieve with older buildings EB Subgroup Decisions: Keep in EB Align credit more closely with its counterpart in NCv2.2 SS EB Subgroup Discussion

31 Version 2.2 October 2005 SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction SS Intent LEED-CS SS Credit 8: Version 2.0 July 2006 LEED-ND GCT Credit 20: Pilot Version 2007 LEED-S & LEED-R Credit 8 Pilot Version 2007 SS 2.2 language also used in

32 FOR INTERIOR LIGHTING The angle of maximum candela from each interior luminaire as located in the building shall intersect opaque building interior surfaces and not exit out through the windows OR All non-emergency interior lighting shall be automatically controlled to turn off during nonbusiness hours (provide manual override capability for after hours use) SS NC 2.2 & Retail FOR INTERIOR LIGHTING All non-emergency interior lighting, with a direct line of sight to any openings in the envelope (translucent or transparent), shall have its input power reduced (by automatic device) by at least 50% between the hours of 11 PM and 5 AM. After hours override may be provided by a manual or occupant sensing device provided that the override last no more than 30 minutes. OR All openings in the envelope (translucent or transparent) with a direct line of sight to any nonemergency lighting shall have shielding (for a resultant transmittance of less than 10%) that will be controlled/closed by automatic device between the hours of 11 PM and 5 AM. SS CS and Schools

33 FOR EXTERIOR LIGHTING Only light areas as required for safety and comfort Do not exceed 80% of the lighting power densities for exterior areas and 50% for building facades and landscape features as defined in ASHRAE/IESNA Standard , Exterior Lighting Section, without amendments All projects shall be classified under one of the following zones, as defined in IESNA RP-33, and shall follow all of the requirements for that specific zone: SS SSc8 Light Pollution (2.2) LZ1 - Dark (Park and Rural Settings) For population densities of less than 200 people per square mile according to the last U.S. census. Also for developed areas in state and national parks, areas near astronomical observatories, zoos and ANY area where residents have expressed a desire to maintain a natural nightime environment SS 2.2 lighting zones

34 LZ2 Low (Residential areas) For population densities of people per square mile, according to the last U.S. census. This would include most areas zoned residential and is the default zone for residential areas SS 2.2 lighting zones LZ3 Medium (Commercial/Industrial, High-Density Residential) For population densities greater than 3,000 people per square mile according to the last U.S. census. This lighting zone is intended for high density urban neighborhoods, shopping and commercial districts and industrial parks. This is the default zone for commercial and industrial areas SS 2.2 lighting zones

35 LZ4 High (Major City Centers, Entertainment Districts) This is for major city centers (with population densities greater than 100,000 according t the last U.S. census), thematic attractions, entertainment districts, and major auto sales districts SS 2.2 lighting zones Design exterior lighting so that all site and building mounted luminaires produce a maximum initial illuminance value no greater than (LZ1=0.01, LZ2=0.10, LZ3=0.20, LZ4= 0.6) horizontal and vertical footcandles at the site boundary and no greater than 0.01 horizontal footcandles (10 feet for LZ1 & LZ2, 15 feet for LZ3 & LZ4) beyond the site boundary SS Light Trespass

36 Document that (LZ1=0%, LZ2=2%, LZ3=5%, LZ4=10%) of the total initial designed fixture lumens are emitted at an angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down) SS Light Pollution For site boundaries that abut public rightsof-way, light trespass requirements may be met relative to the curb line instead of the site boundary SS LZ2, LZ3 & LZ4

37 FOR MASTER PLAN PROJECTS Develop exterior lighting master plan that includes project site & surrounding buildings in a comprehensive manner addressing safety & security issues by sharing exterior lighting amenities while minimizing light pollution & energy consumption. The lighting master plan must show it incorporates the credit requirements as well as: How plan reduces light trespass & promotes night sky access and how projects fit into overall design. How safety, security, & comfort will be enhanced master plan. SS Automatic Shutoff: All sports lighting shall be automatically controlled to shut off no later than 11PM. Manual override shall be provided to avoid disruption of school sponsored sporting events. SS Schools (sports lighting)

38 Trespass Calculations: All trespass calculations shall be submitted for two conditions: (1) With the sports lighting turned off and all other site lighting turned on, the light trespass requirements are (LZ1=0.01, LZ2=0.10, LZ3=0.20, LZ4= 0.6), and SS Schools (sports lighting) Trespass Calculations: (2) with just the sports lighting on, the light trespass requirements for horizontal and vertical footcandles may be increased to the following illuminance levels: LZ1 = 0.10 LZ2 = 0.30 LZ3 = 0.80 LZ4 = 1.50 SS Schools (sports lighting)

39 H Pilot Version February 2007 No SS requirements SS Technical Advisory Groups SS TAG has 20 members The LEED TAG s

40

41 Our proposed design for pathway lighting in the middle of a large university campus setting uses pole-mounted IESNA CUTOFF luminaires. The objectives of the lighting design are to provide a safe nighttime environment for students, to minimize light pollution, and to maintain the campus historic aesthetic. We understand that the intent of the specific requirement for FULL CUTOFF luminaires is to minimize the amount of upward light pollution. After significant research, we have determined that there are no period-style luminaires that match the campus standard and meet Full Cutoff classification, due to the nature of their design. We have also determined that it will not be possible to modify the standard luminaire to meet the full Cutoff classification. In their "Advanced Lighting Guidelines 2003 Edition," the New Buildings Institute states, "It may be possible to reduce light pollution by using cutoff or semi-cutoff luminaires spaces further apart than full cutoff luminaires can be spaced to achieve the same uniformity. We intend to demonstrate that our proposed lighting design with Cutoff luminaires has less upward light pollution than a design using Full Cutoff luminaires achieving the same lighting uniformity. These two designs will be modeled using Lumen Micro or Radiance software, and the measure of upward light pollution will be the total luminous flux that trespasses the site above the height of the luminaires. If all other requirements of the Sustainable Sites Credit 8 are met, and it can be demonstrated that our proposed design performs as well as a comparable design consisting of Full Cutoff luminaires with respect to upward light pollution, can this credit be attained? SS 2/2/ Credit Interpretation Request 2/23/ Ruling Yes; if all other requirements of the Sustainable Sites Credit 8 are met, and it is demonstrated that the proposed design produces no more upward light pollution than the same design (same luminaire locations and lamping) using Full Cutoff luminaires, then the credit can be attained. SS 2/2/ Credit Interpretation Request

42 The project is a four-story, 60,000 SF, speculative office building that is being submitted under LEED-CS. As we understand the intent, Credit SS8 - Light Pollution Reduction, aims to reduce light pollution through the control of interior lighting, exterior light distribution, and exterior lighting power density. Our question concerns the calculation requirements for the exterior lighting power density. We have been very diligent about reducing the overall lighting power density across the site. The site lighting has a 47% reduction of light power density as compared with the allowable light power density in ASHRAE All of our exterior site lighting is on a photocell/master time control system that turns off all non-emergency lights at 10pm. Because of the neighboring uses, we have voluntarily eliminated all building façade lighting on the western façade, which accounts for nearly a third of the total building façade. This allows us to focus our façade lighting on the public face of the building, adjacent to walkways, parking, etc.. Based on our total façade area (including the western façade) our lighting power density meets the credit requirement of 0.1 watts/sf. ASHRAE, however, calculates the LPD for each illuminated façade. Using this methodology, our LPD is 0.16 watts/sf, which is a 20% reduction from the ASHRAE standard. Does this meet the intent of the credit? SS Credit Interpretation Request The CIR is inquiring if projects can combine the lighting power densities for all building façade lighting when calculating compliance for this credit. Per the referenced ASHRAE Standard, building façades must be calculated individually and are considered non-tradable (cannot be traded between surfaces or with other exterior lighting areas.) In order to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this credit, projects must document a minimum 50% LPD reduction from the ASHRAE Standard Allowable LPD for building façade and landscape lighting for each individual illuminated façade. SS Draft RULING:

43 A question has come up on a LEED project of mine about the lighting zone designations for SSc8. It has always been my understanding that the lighting zones we are to report are those of the surrounding property (not of the LEED project itself). Is that correct? Others I have spoken to have suggested that the lighting zone should be that of the project, not that of the surrounding properties. Furthermore, I can't find any reference to this in RP-33-99, so I wonder if you can let me know, too: does the lighting zone have to be the same on all property lines or can it change on each property boundary based on what abuts the project on that boundary? SS Question If a site borders more than one lighting zone, the Light Pollution requirements for the entire site must meet the most stringent lighting zone Light Trespass requirements may vary by the adjoining lighting zone When two lighting zones meet, a line perpendicular to the property line shall be drawn and the higher lighting zone may not encroach across this line SS Response

44 Design street/sidewalk/pathway lighting to meet local requirements or IESNA recommendations in RP-8-00 Table 2 Local for street lighting and IESNA RP Table 6 Residential for sidewalk lighting and for lighting of any pedestrian pathways in common areas where security might be an issue (use Intermediate in non residential areas). Light fixtures should not exceed 12 feet in height. The lighting design shall meet light pollution requirements in GCT Credit 20 and shall incorporate house-side shielding to minimize light trespass into adjacent residential buildings. SS NPD Credit 7 (Walkable Streets) They decided not to incorporate your proposal on NPD Credit 7 (Walkable Streets), that would have included providing lighting of pedestrian ways as a way to earn the credit. They agreed that lighting can make areas more pedestrian-friendly, but they were worried that the proposed requirement could cause unnecessary lighting in some instances, since many walkable spaces have spillover lighting from buildings, etc. In these instances, it would be requiring them to use energy unnecessarily. In addition there was a sense that the committee wanted to focus the credit on the streetscaping items already included, and not expand it further. SS LEED-ND review

45 Obvious Light Spill Generally Overlit Partial Documentation Security Lighting Excluded Up-lighting SS Common Submittal Problems SS Site Lighting Case Studies

46 Site Lighting SS Site Lighting Know light level recommendations IES Recommendations Area Description Light Level (fc) Roadway (collector, commercial) 1.2 Sidewalks horizontal (roadside, commercial areas) 1 Sidewalks vertical (roadside, commercial areas) 2.2 Walkways horizontal (distant from roadways).5 Walkways vertical (distant from roadways).5 Building entrances 3-5 Outdoor dining 3 Outdoor pool terrace 3 Contrast ratio (average to minimum) 4:1 Security lighting recommendations Large open areas.5 to 2 Buildings (vertical illuminance on façade).5 to 2 Perimeter fence.5 Entrances 10 Gatehouses 30 SS

47 Site Lighting Know existing site conditions Site Existing light levels 5th and Harrison th and Republican under trees canopy 1.7 5th and Republican between trees 6.2 5th and Republican crosswalk 6.7 5th N of Republican between streetlights.4 8th and Mercer 8.2 Within parking lot (between poles) 1.3 Southeast perimeter corner.6 SS Site Lighting Compare other sites Set expectations with client University Village Property feels safe and very well lit. Light is even with good contrast ratios. Parking Lot 1.8 Pedestrian Path 2.5 Sidewalk (between fixtures) 1.6 Sidewalk (at fixture) 2.9 Store Entry 4.5 Center of mall plaza 2.2 Mall corridor 2.3 UW Campus Campus is dark with high contrast ratios. dark. Parking Lot 1.1 Street (at fixture) 3 Street (between fixtures).4 Pedestrian Path (at fixture) 4 Pedestrian Path (between fixtures).2 Stairs at Quad.2 Building Entry.4 Open field SS

48 Site Lighting Compare other sites Set expectations with client Light Level Goals These light level goals have been agreed to by the security consultant and have been included in their light level requirements. SS SS

49 SS Site Lighting Tools and Techniques SS

50 Site Lighting Tools and Techniques SS SS

51 SS SS

52 SS Safeguarding the quality & quantity of natural waterflows is a sustainable development pattern Minimize Potable Water Use Reduce Wastewater Volumes WE Water Efficiency

53 Energy is a finite resource, conserving energy is part of a sustainable pattern of development Use Energy Efficiently Source Energy Sustainably Protect the Atmosphere Energy & Atmosphere Energy Issue NC 2.2 School & Retail CS CI EB Homes ND Cx p1 c3 p1 c3 p1 c3 p1 c2 p1 Energy Savings M & V p2 c1 c5 p2 c1 c5 p2 c1 c5.1 c5.2 p2 c1.1 c1.2 c3 p2 c1 c5 c1 or c4 c8 GCTc2 GCTc15 Solar Orientation IPc1.5 GCTc11 Energy & Atmosphere

54 2030 Challenge Ed Mazria and Architecture 2030 During next 50 years, 75% of existing buildings will be replaced 2030 Challenge zero energy use in new buildings by 2030 Credible scientists give us 10 years to be well on our way toward global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions in order to avoid catastrophic climate change. Yet there are hundreds of coal-fired power plants currently on the drawing boards in the US. Seventy-six percent (76%) of the energy produced by these plants will go to operate buildings.

55 Previous information divided building energy use into separate sectors 26% of energy usage in commercial buildings is used to energize Lighting

56 26% of energy usage in commercial buildings is used to energize Lighting Buildings are the major source of demand for energy and materials that produce by-product greenhouse gases (GHG). Slowing the growth rate of GHG emissions and then reversing it over the next ten years is the key to keeping global warming under one degree centigrade ( C) above today's level. It will require immediate action and a concerted global effort.

57 The fossil fuel reduction standard for all new buildings shall be increased to: 60% in % in % in % in 2025 Carbon-neutral in 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate). These targets may be accomplished by implementing innovative sustainable design strategies, generating on-site renewable power and/or purchasing (20% maximum) renewable energy and/or certified renewable energy credits. Energy is a finite resource, conserving energy is part of a sustainable pattern of development Use Energy Efficiently Protect the Atmosphere Source Energy Sustainably Energy & Atmosphere

58 Prerequisite 1 Verify that the project s energy-related systems are installed, calibrated and perform as intended NC/CI/CS/S/R Lighting and daylighting controls EB operating as intended Prerequisite 2 For NC2.2, CI, CS, S, R - requires energy use of the building that complies with ASHRAE : The mandatory provisions of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard And Prescriptive or Performance requirements EB2.0 requires Energy Star rating of 60

59 Prerequisite 2 Lighting system mandatory provisions of ASHR/IESNA include, section 9.4: Automatic Lighting shut-off Buildings larger than 5,000 sq. ft. must have automatic shut-off of lighting in all spaces via: Building time clock Occupancy Sensors Prerequisite 2 Lighting system mandatory provisions of ASHR/IESNA include, section 9.4: Space Control Each space shall have one control device Local control and easily accessible No more than 4 hours of override time Control up to 2500 sq.ft. in spaces up to 10,000 sq.ft. Occupancy sensors - classrooms, conference rooms and break rooms

60 Prerequisite 2 Lighting system mandatory provisions of ASHR/IESNA include, section 9.4: Exterior Lighting Control Photocell control for dusk to dawn operation Automatic timeclock for non dusk to dawn operation Tandem Wiring Use tandem-wired ballasts on fixture with 1 or 3 lamps over 30 watts with two or more fixtures in the same space Prerequisite 2 Lighting system mandatory provisions of ASHR/IESNA include, section 9.4: Exit Signs Internally illuminated exit signs shall use less than 5 watts of power per face Exterior Building Grounds Lighting Lamps higher than 100 watts shall have a minimum efficiency of 60lm/W unless controlled by a motion sensor

61 Prerequisite 2 Lighting system mandatory provisions of ASHR/IESNA include, section 9.4: Exterior Building Lighting Power Must meet lighting power densities for building exteriors Allowance is sum of all applications plus 5% Trade-offs only between Tradable Surfaces Prerequisite 2 Exterior Building Lighting Power Tradable Surfaces Parking Lot and Drives Walkways less than 10 wide Plaza Areas Main Entries Canopies Non-Tradable Surfaces Building Facades Teller Machines Gatehouses 0.15 W/sq.ft. 1.0 W/linear foot 0.2 W/sq.ft. 30 W/linear foot of door width 1.25 W/sq.ft. 0.2 W/sq. ft of illuminated wall 270 W per location, 90 watt for each 1.25 W/sq.ft.

62 Prerequisite 2 Prescriptive, Section 9.5 Must meet interior lighting power allowance either through Building Area Method or Space by Space Method Performance, Section 11, Energy Cost Budget Method Meet all mandatory requirements Compliance when the Design Energy Cost does not exceed the Energy Cost Budget Components that meet energy efficiency listed in Design Energy Cost EB2.0 requires Energy Star rating of 60 Rate Your Energy Performance On a scale of Relative to similar buildings nationwide EPA s energy performance rating system, based on source energy, accounts for the impact of weather variations as well as key physical and operating characteristics of each building. Buildings rating 75 or greater may qualify for the ENERGY STAR prerequisite.

63 June 26, 2007 In a move that aligns with its deep commitment to solutions for climate change, the USGBC membership has overwhelmingly passed a vote for all LEED certified projects to achieve at least two Optimize Energy Performance points within LEED, which will improve the energy performance of all LEED certified green buildings by 14% for new construction and 7% for existing buildings. Mandatory 2 Points

64 Lighting Power Density ASHRAE 90.1 Controls Daylighting Occupant Sensors Internal Gains Cooling offset Heating contribution Exterior Lighting Lighting Energy Performance Energy Savings 35% Lighting 7.6% LEED Total 5.2% Bldg Total Energy Tradeoff 2.09 kbtu Heating Increase 0.29 kbtu Cooling Decrease Daylighting Impacts: Offices

65 Energy Savings 18.4% Lighting 4.4% LEED Total 3.3% Bldg Total Energy Tradeoff 0.42 kbtu Heating Increase 0.16 kbtu Cooling Decrease Daylighting Impacts: Schools Credit 1 Two mandatory points for energy savings Option 1 - Whole building Energy Simulation (1-10 points) Requires that the energy analysis done for the Building Performance Rating Method include ALL of energy costs

66 Credit 1 To achieve points using this credit, the proposed design: Must comply with mandatory provisions of ASHRAE , section 9.4 Must include all energy costs within and associated with the building project and Must be compared against a baseline building that complies with Appendix G to Standard Credit 1 Option 2 Prescriptive Compliance Path (4 points) AHSRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings 2004 or Small Retail Buildings 2004 Option 3 Prescriptive Compliance Path (2-5 points) Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide Option 4 - Prescriptive Compliance Path (1 point) Advanced buildings Benchmark Version 1.1

67 Whole Building Energy Simulation New Bldgs. NC2.1 NC2.2/S/CS/R Points 15% 10.5% 1 20% 14.0% 2 25% 17.5% 3 30% 21.0% 4 35% 24.5% 5 40% 28.0% 6 45% 31.5% 7 50% 35.0% 8 55% 38.5% 9 60% 42.0% 10 Whole Building Energy Simulation Existing Bldgs. NC2.1 NC2.2/S/CS/R Points 5% 3.5% 1 10% 7.0% 2 15% 10.5% 3 20% 14.0% 4 25% 17.5% 5 30% 21.0% 6 35% 24.5% 7 40% 28.0% 8 45% 31.5% 9 50% 25.0% 10

68 2004 Building Type Published Automotive Repair 0.9 Convention Center 1.2 Courthouse 1.2 Dining-Bar Lounge/Leisure 1.3 Dining-Café/Fast Food 1.4 Dining-Family 1.6 Dormitory 1.0 Exercise Center 1.0 Fire Station 1.0 Gymnasium 1.1 Healthcare-Clinic 1.0 Healthcare-Hospital 1.2 Hotel 1.0 Library 1.3 Manufacturing 1.3 Motel 1.0 ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 LPD s ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1

69 Credit 1 Credit 1

70 Credit 1 Credit 1 Option 1 - Whole building Energy Simulation Total watts used for lighting is included in simulation Still need to calculate total lighting wattage Process energy includes lighting power exempt from light power allowance Regulated energy includes interior and exterior lighting

71 Lighting Energy Use Exercise Lighting Energy Use Exercise

72 Lighting Energy Use Exercise Lighting Energy Use Exercise

73 Lighting Energy Use Exercise Lighting Energy Use Exercise

74 Lighting Energy Use Exercise OPTION 2 PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH (4 Points) Comply with the prescriptive measures of the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings Optimize Energy (c1)

75 First in a series to provide recommendations for achieving 30% energy savings over ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Focuses on small office buildings < 20,000 ft2 Allows small office buildings to easily achieve high energy savings without detailed calculations or analyses. For more information on the entire Advanced Energy Design Guide series, please visit the AEDG web page at Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings

76 USDOE - Climate Zones Lighting Recommendations

77 Space Type Floor space allocation LPD LPD*area Corridor/Transition 10% Other Areas 10% Lobby 10% Office - enclosed 25% Office - open plan 20% Conference Meeting/Multipurpose 10% Active storage 15% % The target lighting in open offices is 30 average maintained footcandles for ambient lighting with a total of at least 50 footcandles provided on the desktop. AEDG - Spaces OPTION 2 PRESCRIPTIVE PATH (4 Points) Comply with the prescriptive measures of the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail Buildings Optimize Energy (c1)

78 Second in a series to provide recommendations for achieving 30% energy savings over ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Focuses on small retail buildings, < 20,000 ft2 Allows small retail buildings to easily achieve high energy savings without detailed calculations or analyses. For more information on the entire Advanced Energy Design Guide series, please visit the AEDG web page at Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail Buildings LPD = 1.3 W/sf Lighting Recommendation Courtesy ASHRAE

79 RP-2 Table 2: Lighting Design Guide for Merchandising ans Associated areas Circulation General Perimeter Feature Display Grocery and Supermarket / Warehouse Store / Discount / Drug and Convenience / Mass Merchant - Low Grocery and Supermarket / Warehouse Store / Discount / Drug and Convenience / Mass Merchant - High (300) Department / Speciality Retailer / Home and Bath Bedding - Low Department / Speciality Retailer / Home and Bath Bedding - High Upscale Department / Upscale Specialty - Low Upscale Department / Upscale Specialty - High (200) Designer Shop or Boutique / Furniture / Fine and Precious Jewlery / Upscale Crystal, China or Silver - Low Designer Shop or Boutique / Furniture / Fine and Precious Jewlery / Upscale Crystal, China or Silver - High (300) IESNA RP-2 Table (c) For lighting equipment installed in retail spaces that is and specifically designed and directed to highlight merchandise, calculate the additional lighting power as follows: 1.0 W/ft2 (the floor area for all products not listed below) 1.7 W/ft2 (the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods and small electronics) 2.6 W/ft2 (the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics and artwork) 4.2 W/ft2 (the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal, and china) ASHRAE

80 The following additional lighting power densities (LPDs), from the Recommendation Tables in Chapter 3, are available for adjustable lighting equipment that is specifically designed and directed to highlight merchandise (accent lighting) above and beyond the base 1.3 W/ft2 allowance. 0.4 W/ft2 (spaces not listed below) 0.6 W/ft2 (sporting goods, small electronics) 0.9 W/ft2 (furniture, clothing, cosmetics, and artwork) 1.5 W/ft2 (jewelry, crystal, china) Additional Accent Lighting Courtesy ASHRAE OPTION 3 PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH: Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide (2-5 Points) Comply with the prescriptive measures identified in the Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide developed by the New Buildings Institute Optimize Energy (c1)

81 Comply with Sections One and Two of the Core Performance Guide 3 points for office, school, public assembly, and retail projects under 100,000 square feet 2) points are available for all other project types under 100,000 square feet (except health care, warehouse, or laboratory projects) Option 3 Core Performance Core Performance Requirements (Section Two) Energy Code Compliance Lighting Controls Install control systems throughout the building occupancy sensors, time clocks Separate switching in the daylight zones Option 3 Core Performance

82 Up to two (2) additional points are available to projects that implement performance strategies listed in Section Three, Enhanced Performance. For every three strategies implemented from this section, one point is available. Option 3 Core Performance Enhanced Performance Strategies (3) Incorporate daylighting controls systems Reduce lighting to achieve 40% reduction from ASHRAE Option 3 Core Performance

83 ASHRAE Building Area Type % reduction Automotive Facility % Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food % Dormitory % Exercise Center % Gymnasium % Hospital % Hotel % Manufacturing Facility % Motel % Motion Picture Theater % Multi-Family % Museum % Office % Police/Fire Station % Post Office % Religious Building % Retail % School/University % Sports Arena % Town Hall % Energy Savings from 2001 OPTION 4 PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH (1 Point) Comply with the Basic Criteria and Prescriptive Measures of the Advanced Buildings Benchmark Version 1.1 Optimize Energy (c1)

84 Existing Bldgs. Energy Star Rating Points Rate Your Energy Performance For many facilities, you can rate their energy performance on a scale of relative to similar buildings nationwide. EPA s energy performance rating system, based on source energy, accounts for the impact of weather variations as well as key physical and operating characteristics of each building. Buildings rating 75 or greater may qualify for the ENERGY STAR. Optimize Energy Performance (EB-c1) Option A Reduce lighting power density to 15% below (1 point) Option B Reduce lighting power density to 25% below (2 points) Option C Reduce lighting power density to 35% below (3 points) (CI-c1.1)

85 Model Building Type Space Type description 27 NA (typical all bldgs) Office - open plan Task Area % Task Area FC General Area % General Area FC Total FC Existing LPD (2004) % 25% 35% % FC Light Source 80 FL SYSTEM #1 Light Distribution Type Linear Dir/Indir 535 SYSTEM #2 % FC Light Source Light Distribution Type 18 FL Task 539 % FC Light Source 2 CF SYSTEM #3 Light Distribution Type indiredt Wall Scounce 524 HP Ballast lumen T8 HP Ballast - 80 Series T8 HP Ballast - 70 Series T Published Building Type calculated savings over 2004 calculated savings over 2004 calculated savings over 2004 Automotive Repair % % % 0.9 Convention Center % % % 1.2 Courthouse % % % 1.2 Dining-Bar Lounge/Leisure % % % 1.3 Dining-Café/Fast Food % % % 1.4 Dining-Family % % % 1.6 Dormitory % % % 1.0 Exercise Center % % % 1.0 Fire Station % % % 1.0 Gymnasium % % % 1.1 Healthcare-Clinic % % % 1.0 Healthcare-Hospital % % % 1.2 Hotel % % % 1.0 Library % % % 1.3 Manufacturing % % % 1.3 Motel % % % 1.0 Multi-Family % % % 0.7 Museum % % % 1.1 Office % % % 1.0 Parking Garage % % % 0.3 Penitentiary % % % 1.0 Police Station % % % 1.0 Post Office % % % 1.1 Religious % % % 1.3 Retail (general) % % % 1.5 School/University % % % 1.2 Sports Arena % % % 1.1 ASHRAE 90.1 possible savings

86 Install daylight responsive controls in all regularly occupied spaces within 15 feet of windows and under skylights 1 point Optimize Energy Performance Lighting Controls (CI-c1.2) Prerequisites (Mandatory Measures) 8.1 Install at least three ENERGY STAR labeled light fixtures or ENERGY STAR labeled Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs) in high-use rooms (kitchen, dinning room, living room, family room, hallways) Lighting (Homes c8)

87 Optional Measures 8.2 Select and install any of the following measures (0.5 Point each, 1.5 Max. Points): Motion sensor control on all outdoor fixtures Four wireless photovoltaic light fixtures, if exterior fixtures are installed Three additional ENERGY STAR labeled light fixtures, or three ENERGY STAR labeled Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs), in addition to those installed per Prerequisite 8.1 Lighting (Homes c8) Optional Measures 8.3 Install ENERGY STAR Advanced Lighting Package (ALP) (3 Points) Lighting (Homes c8)

88 Energy Star Advanced Lighting Package Energy Case Studies

89 Lighting energy use Set goals for light levels based on tasks to be performed Interior Lighting will be designed to meet the following light level goals (shown in footcandles) Lobbies 20 Corridor/stairs 10 Meeting Rooms Atrium (normal) 10 Atrium (meeting) 30 Office (ambient) 30 Office (task) 50 Lighting energy use Set goals for light levels based opportunities Givens: Façade system Hybrid HVAC system High ceilings Shallow depth to Core walls Large area of glazed surface

90 Daylight study Alley Yale Floor plan of Level 3 north

91 Alley Yale Daylight Zone Ceiling mounted photocell Linear pendant fixtures dimmed automatically Lighting plan of Level 3 north

92

93

94 Alley Yale Energy Efficient Lighting Interior Components Light Colors High Ceilings Low or no Partitions Flat white reflecting surfaces

95 Energy Efficient Lighting Efficient Sources Energy Efficient Lighting Efficient Light fixtures

96 Energy Efficient Lighting Efficient Light fixtures Energy Efficient Lighting Efficient Light fixtures

97 Daylight Use Reduce energy usage by using daylight to provide lighting during daylight hours Use automatic dimming or switching control of electric lighting Requires integration of architecture, interiors and building systems Must know daylight zones Daylight use components High ceilings Light colored surfaces Large, open spaces Vertical glazing large and high up on glazed wall Top lighting when possible Mitigate glare to make sure daylight is used Provide task or highlight with electric light Don t forget lighting controls

98 Photo of physical model Main level floor plan

99 Sunlight diagram altitude and azimuth solstices and equinox various times of day Lightscape rendering of daylight for entire building June 21, 10 AM

100 Sun angle diagram at Concourse and INS corridor physical model of concourse in cloudy sky simulator June 21, 1pm South Ticketing Hall June 21, 5pm

101

102

103 Wall mount uplights provide ambient light levels Uplight fixtures automatically turned-off via photocell control as daylight provides ambient light levels Final estimated energy savings Approximately 480kwh per year Contributing elements of design Large Skylights at good spacing ratio Clerestories at top of high walls Light colored architectural surfaces Large open spaces provide for light dispersion Ambient electric light corresponds to skylight and clerestory locations Tasklighting at low level and just where needed Photocell automatic shut-off of electric light Hi-performance glazing Fritted glass where needed to reduce glare and heat gain

104

105

106 Using resources at a rate consistent with how quickly they renew is a sustainable development pattern Source Sustainably Recycled Content Reuse Resources Reduce Waste Volumes Local & Regional Materials MR Materials & Resources Material Issue NC 2.2 School & Retail CS CI EB Homes ND Resource Reuse MRc3 (windows only) MRc3 (windows only) MRc3 (windows only) Recycled Content MRc4 (windows only) MRc4 (windows only) MRc4 (windows only) Regional MRc5 (windows only) MRc5 (windows only) MRc5 (windows only) Hg content ID ID ID MRp2 MRc6 MR Materials & Resources

107 Windows only luminaires & controls don t count toward this credit!! Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials 10%/20% (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer) Based on recycled content ($) value CSI Div 2-10 only Partial recycled content: use fractional mass of recycled portion times $ value of product Steel products: default is 25% post-consumer MR Recycled Content MRc4.1 & %/20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally CSI Div 2-10 only Windows only luminaires & controls don t count toward this credit!! MR Regional Materials MRc5.1 & 5.2

108 Toxic Material Source Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs (EB MR Pre 2) Establish and maintain a toxic material source reduction program to reduce the amount of mercury brought into buildings through purchases of light bulbs MR Materials & Resources Maintain mercury content of all mercurycontaining light bulbs below 100 picograms per lumen hour, on weighted average, for all mercury-containing light bulbs acquired for the existing building and associated grounds MR EB MR Prerequisite 2

109 Submittals Initial LEED-EB Certification Provide a copy of the organizational policy specifying that all future purchases of mercury-containing light bulbs will be made in such a way that the average mercury content of the light bulbs is less than the specified level in picograms/lumen hour MR EB MR Prerequisite 2 Provide records of all acquisitions during the performance period of mercurycontaining light bulbs for use in the building and grounds MR EB MR Prerequisite 2

110 Include manufacturer Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for each type of light bulb purchased showing mercury content of the light bulbs in milligrams MR EB MR Prerequisite 2

111

112

113 Facilitate the reduction of waste and toxins generated by building occupants and building operations that are hauled to and disposed of in landfills or incineration Collect and recycle at least 95% of the fluorescent light bulbs used AND Divert/Recycle 30% of total waste stream (by weight or volume) (1 point) Divert/Recycle 40% of total waste stream (by weight or volume) (2 points) Divert/Recycle 50% of total waste stream (by weight or volume) (3 points) MR Occupant Recycling (EB MR Credit )

114 Maintain mercury content of all mercurycontaining light bulbs below 80 picograms per lumen hour of light output (picogram/lumen hour), on weighted average, for all mercury-containing light bulbs acquired for the existing building and associated grounds MR Additional Toxic Material Reduction: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs (EB MRc6) (1 Point) Creating healthy spaces, preventing pollution & waste both indoors and outdoors is a sustainable pattern of development Enhance Human Ecology Reduce Contaminants EQ Provide Control Indoor Environmental Quality

115 Env. Qual. Issue Daylight NC 2.2 EQc8.1 School & Retail EQc8.1 CS EQc8.1 CI EQc8.1 EQc8.2 EB EQc2.4 EQc2.5 Homes ND Views EQc8.2 EQc8.2 EQc8.2 EQc8.3 EQc2.4 EQc2.5 Light Control EQc6.1 EQc6.1 EQc6.1 EQc2.2 Reduced Hg ID ID MRc4.1 MRc4.2 EQ Environmental Quality NC-2.2, CI-2.0, R-Pilot Provide individual lighting controls for at least 90% of building occupants to suit individual task needs & preferences AND Provide lighting system controllability for all shared multi-occupant spaces to enable lighting adjustment that meets group needs & preferences EQ Controllability of Systems: Lighting (EQc6.1) (1 Point)

116 EB 2.0 Provide lighting controls, for at least 50% of occupants, enabling adjustments to suit individual task needs, or those of a group sharing a multi-occupant space or work area Provide documentation Provide drawings EQ Controllability of Systems: Lighting (EQc6.1) School Pilot FOR ADMIN. OFFICES AND OTHER REGULARLY OCCUPIED SPACES: Provide individual lighting controls for at least 90% of building occupants in workspaces to enable adjustments to suit individual task needs and preferences AND EQ Controllability of Systems: Lighting (EQc6.1)

117 School Pilot EQ Classroom lighting must operate in two modes: general illumination and A/V General illumination mode: Achieve fc average at desk level with minimum of 25 fc at any point > 3 ft from wall A/V mode: Not including contribution from teaching wall light, achieve fc average at desk level for any point > 3 ft from side walls, 10 ft from front wall & 6 ft from back wall. Limit vertical illumination on projection screen to no more than 7 fc Controllability of Systems: Lighting (EQc6.1) Controls Each distinct room or area must have local control Automatic time of day sweep shut-off with local override switches. Tasklights at each work station EQ

118 Control components Occupancy sensors Timed switches Building sweeps Local override switches with timers Local control for each --- of space Photo cell control at daylight zones Dimming or dual- switching at daylight zones locally control tasklights at workstations. EQ Alley Yale Daylight Zone Ceiling mounted photocell Linear pendant fixtures dimmed automatically EQ Lighting plan of Level 3 north

119 EQ EQ

120 2.05 CENTRAL LIGHTING CONTROL PROCESSOR Central lighting control processor shall provide power failure memory. Central lighting control processor shall provide preset lighting scenes for up to 512 zones. Central lighting control processor shall be expandable to 16,384 zones when using multiple processors. Central lighting control processor shall allow design of system off site and downloading upon installation or modifications after installation. Central lighting control processor shall be capable of interfacing to other equipment via integral RS232 interface and/or modem and/or RS232 wallstations. Central lighting control processor shall be capable of operating up to 192 wallstations, preset local lighting controls, and control interfaces-expandable to 6,144 when using multiple processors. Central lighting control processor shall have the capability to connect up to 32 processors together using TCP/IP over 10/100 BaseT Ethernet or RS485 over twisted shielded pair. Central lighting control processor shall have integral astronomical timeclock. Central lighting control processor shall have an integral partitionable space wizard. EQ Lighting Controls Tools EQ

121 Lighting Controls Tools Lighting Controls Tools EQ

122 Lighting Controls Tools EQ EQ Daylight & Views (EQc8.1 & 8.2)

123 NC-2.2 Provide daylight to 75% of all critical visual task spaces Excluded spaces include copy rooms, storage areas, mechanical plant rooms, laundry rooms, break rooms, kitchens, stairways, rest rooms & other low occupancy support areas EQ Daylight & Views: Daylight 75% of Spaces (EQc8.1) NC-2.2, CI-2.0, R (75%=1, 90%=2) - CS-2.0, School-Pilot classrooms (75%=1, 90%=2) OPTION 1: GLAZING FACTOR CALC. Achieve min. glazing factor of 2% in at least 75% of all regularly occupied areas Glazing factor calculation: Glass below 30 doesn t count!!! EQ Option 1: Glazing Factor Calc.

124 2-6 to 7-6 Above 7-6 SIDELIGHT VISION SIDELIGHT DAYLIGHT SAWTOOTH VERTICAL MONITOR SKYLIGHT Geometry Factor Min Tvis Height Factor EQ Glazing Factor Calculation Geometry Factor Min Tvis Height Factor Regulary Occupied Space (ID) Regularly Occupied Space (Name) Regularly Occupied Space (Area sf) Sidelighting Vision Glazing Ares (sf) T vis GF Sidelighting Daylight Glazing Ares (sf) T vis GF Toplighting Sawtooth Monitor Ares (sf) T vis GF Toplighting Vertical Monitor Ares (sf) T vis GF Toplighting Horizontal Skylight Ares (sf) T vis GF Glazing Factor 101 Office % % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 3.3% 102 Office % % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1.8% 103 Open Office (Daylit Area) % % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 3.3% 103 Open Office (Non Daylit Area) % % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.0% 104 Office % % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2.1% 105 Office % % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2.1% Total Regularly Occupied Space Area (SF) Total Regularly Occupied Space Area with a Minimum 2% Glazing Factor Percentage of Regularly Occupied Space with a 2% Glazing Factor EQ % Glazing Factor Calculation

125 Geometry Factor Min Tvis Height Factor Regulary Occupied Space (ID) Regularly Occupied Space (Name) Regularly Occupied Space (Area sf) Sidelighting Vision Glazing Area Ares (SF) (sf) T vis GF Sidelighting Daylight Glazing Ares Area (SF) (sf) T vis GF Glazing Factor 101 Office % % 102 Office % % 103 Open Office (Daylit Area) % % 103 Open Office (Non Daylit Area) % % 104 Office % % 105 Office % % 3.3% 1.8% 3.3% 0.0% 2.1% 2.1% EQ Glazing Factor Calculation

126

127 Calculator doesn t know what s outside the window!!!

128 Spaces that don t work for LEED calculator Ducted skylights Interior borrowed daylight All windows are 8 wide x 10.5 tall Window glass Tvis = 40% Entry doors/windows are 25 wide by 10.5 tall Entry glass Tvis = 40% Atrium glass is 4 wide by 30 long Skylight transmission is 30%

129 3 24 sf 5 40 sf Total area = 25 x 90 = 2250 sf View window = 40sf x 5 = 200 sf Daylight window = 24sf x 5 = 120sf GFview = 200/2250x0.1x.4/.4x.8 =.0071 GFday = 120/2250x0.1x.4/.7x1.4 =.0043 Total =.0114 or 1.1% Daylit area = /0.02 x 2250 = 1282 sf Blue Area

130 Total area = 90 x 70 minus conference room & restrooms = 6300 sf (30x25) (10x25) = 5300sf View window = 40sf x 10 = 400 sf Daylight window = 24sf x 10 = 240sf GFview = 400/5300x0.1x.4/.4x.8 =.006 GFday = 240/5300x0.1x.4/.7x1.4 =.0036 GFatrium = 120/5300x.5x.3/.4x1.0 =.0085 Total = = 1.8% So not all of this space is daylit. We could calculate the fractional daylit area OR we could increase the daylit area by simulating the glazing in the entry doors. This might give us enough extra GF to simulate part or all of the conference room as daylit Red Area EQ EQC8 Option 2: Simulation

131 NC-2.2, CI-2.0, R (75%=1, 90%=2) - CS-2.0, School-Pilot classrooms (75%=1, 90%=2) OPTION 2 SIMULATION Computer simulation demonstrates minimum daylight illumination level of 25 fc in at least 75% of all regularly occupied areas clear sky conditions, at noon, on equinox, 30 above floor EQ EQC8 Option 2: Simulation NC-2.2, CS-2.0, School-Pilot classrooms (75%=1, 90%=2) OPTION 3 MSUREMENT Measure indoor light to demonstrate minimum of 25 fc daylight in at least 75% of all regularly occupied areas Horizontal measurements taken on 10 grid for all occupied spaces (record on floor plans) EQ EQC8 Option 3: Measurement

132 CS-2.0 OPTION 4 PRESCRIPTIVE Use combination of sidelighting & toplighting to achieve a total Daylighting Zone that is at least 75% of all regularly occupied spaces Combined light levels EQ CS 2.0 OPTION 4 PRESCRIPTIVE CS-2.0 Ceiling does not obstruct daylight penetration (defined by a line in section that joins the window-head to a line on the floor that is two times the height of the window head above the floor). EQ CS 2.0 OPTION 4 PRESCRIPTIVE

133 CS-2.0 Toplighting Daylight Zone: Zone under skylight equal to outline of the skylight, plus in each direction the lesser of: 70% of ceiling height, 1/2 distance to the edge of the nearest skylight, or distance to any permanent opaque partition EQ CS 2.0 OPTION 4 PRESCRIPTIVE CS-2.0 Also: Skylight roof coverage = 3%-6% of roof area with min. 0.5 visible light transmittance (VLT) Distance between skylights <1.4 ceiling height Skylight diffuser has measured haze value > 90% (Tested according to ASTM D1003). Avoid direct line of sight to skylight diffuser EQ CS 2.0 OPTION 4 PRESCRIPTIVE

134 EB-2.0 Achieve 2% daylight factor in: EQ Credit 8.1: 50% of all spaces occupied for critical visual tasks. (1 point) EQ Credit 8.2: 75% of all spaces occupied for critical visual tasks. (1 point) EQ EB Daylight & Views: Daylight (EQc8.1 & 8.2) NC-2.2, CI-2.0 c8.3, CS-2.0, School-Pilot Achieve direct line of sight to the outdoor environment via vision glazing between 2'6" and 7'6 above finish floor for occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas EQ Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces (EQc8.2)

135 NC-2.2, CI-2.0 c8.3, CS-2.0, School-Pilot Determine the area with direct line of sight by totaling the regularly occupied square footage that meets the following criteria: In plan view, the area is within sight lines drawn from perimeter vision glazing In section view, a direct sight line can be drawn from the area to perimeter vision glazing EQ Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces (EQc8.2) NC-2.2, CI-2.0 c8.3, CS-2.0, School-Pilot Plan View access to views no access to views 11 EQ Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces (EQc8.2)

136 NC-2.2, CI-2.0 c8.3, CS-2.0, School-Pilot Section View EQ Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces (EQc8.2) For private offices, the whole office area can be counted if 75% of the office has views access to views no access to views For multi-occupant spaces, count only the area that has direct views

137 EB-2008 IEQ Credit 2.4: Achieve 2% DF in 50% of reg occupied spaces OR direct line of sight to vision glazing from 45% of regularly occupied spaces. (1 point) IEQ Credit 2.5: Achieve 2% DF in 75% of reg occupied spaces OR direct line of sight to vision glazing from 90% of regularly occupied spaces. (1 point) EQ Daylight and Views: Views (EB IEQc 8.3 & 8.4) To address sustainable measures and design expertise not covered under existing LEED prerequisites and credits Chesapeake Bay Foundation Headquarters Annapolis, Maryland Exemplary Performance on an existing credit Oquirrh Park Olympic Speed Skating Oval Salt Lake City, Utah New measures not addressed by other credits ID Innovation in Design

138 EQc8.1: Daylight 95% of regularly occupied spaces EQc8.2: May be eligible No threshold set in Reference Guide Not eligible: SSc8 & EQc6.1 ID Exemplary Performance ID Reduce quantity of waste & toxins generated by building occupants and operations that is landfilled or incinerated Collect and recycle at least 95% of the batteries & at least 95% of fluorescent lamps AND Divert/Recycle 40% of total waste stream (by weight or volume) IDc1 Pre-Approved Option A: Occupant Recycling (1 Point)

139 NC Design & install an extensive lighting control system where savings = 5% of c1 regulated building energy budget ID IDc1 Process Energy Savings: Lighting Control NC Specify lamps with a weighted average mercury content < 80 picograms per lumen hour of light output for all mercury-containing lamps acquired for the building and associated grounds ID IDc1 Mercury in Lamps

140 NC Full Spectrum Lighting Until scientific evidence is presented that supports the positive effects on human health and performance, the USGBC will ot award an Innovation credit for the use of FSFL. DENIED ID Denied ID Credits ASHRAE AEDG Series

141 AEDG Advanced Energy Design Guides is the third in a series designed to provide recommendations for achieving 30% energy savings over the minimum code requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard This Guide focuses on K-12 school buildings, which include elementary, middle, and high school buildings. The recommendations in this guide will allow Contractors, Consulting Engineers, Architects and Designers to easily achieve advanced levels of energy savings without having to resort to detailed calculations or analyses. For more information on the entire Advanced Energy Design Guide series, please visit the AEDG web page at AEDG for K-12 School Buildings

142 Item Component Recommendation How-to-Tip Classroom Daylighting (Daylighting Fenestration to Floor Area Ratio) Gym Toplighting (Daylighting Fenestration to Floor Area Ratio) Interior Lighting- Daylighted Option Toplighted - South Facing Roof Monitors: 8%-11% North Facing Roof Monitors: 12%-15% Sidelighted- South Facing: 8%-11% North Facing: 15% - 20% Combined Toplighted and Sidelighted- South Facing Sidelighted: 6%-8%, Toplighted: 2%-3% North Facing Sidelighted: 9%-13%, Toplighted: 3%-5% South Facing Roof Monitors: 5% - 8% North Facing Roof Monitors 7% to 10% C Zones Only: Skylights: 3% -4% DL-1 DL-19, DL-28 DL-35 DL-1 DL-19, DL-20 DL-27 DL-1 DL-19, DL-20 DL-35 DL-1 DL-19, DL-36, DL-37 Lighting Power Density (LPD) 1.2 W/ft 2 maximum EL-1 EL-9 Light Source system efficacy (linear fluorescent and HID) 75 mean lumens/ watt minimum EL-2, EL- 3 Light Source system efficacy (all other sources) 50 mean lumens/watt minimum EL-4, EL- 5 Lighting Controls Manual on, Auto-off all zones EL-6, EL-8, DL-16 Dimming Controls Daylight Harvesting Dim all fixtures in classrooms and gym, and other fixtures within 15 ft of sidelighting edge, and within 10 ft of toplighting edge DL-16 Lighting Recommendations Item Component Recommendation How-to Tip Interior Lighting- Non-Daylighted Option Lighting Power Density (LPD) Light Source system efficacy (linear fluorescent) Light Source system efficacy (all other sources) Lighting Controls - general Dimming Controls Daylight Harvesting 0.9 W/ft 2 EL-1 EL-9 85 mean lumens/watt minimum 50 mean lumens/watt minimum Manual on, Auto-off all zones Dim fixtures within 15 ft of sidelighting edge, and within 10 ft of toplighting edge EL-2, EL-3 EL-4, EL-5 EL-6, EL-8, DL-16 DL-16 Lighting Recommendations

143 is the fourth in a series designed to provide recommendations for achieving 30% energy savings over the minimum code requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard This Guide focuses on warehouses up to 50,000 ft2 and self storage buildings. The recommendations in this guide will allow Contractors, Consulting Engineers, Architects and Designers to easily achieve advanced levels of energy savings without having to resort to detailed calculations or analyses. For more information on the entire Advanced Energy Design Guide series, please visit the AEDG web page at AEDG for Small Warehouses and Self Storage Buildings Skylights Area (percent of gross roof) Thermal transmittance U-1.36 U % prismatic diffusing skylights required in warehouse areas Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) Visible light transmittance (VLT) 0.19 NR 0.45 Lighting Recommendations

144 Interior Lighting Exterior Lighting Lighting power density (LPD) Linear fluorescent lamps Controls for daylight harvesting Occupancy controls Ceiling surface reflectances Warehouse (bulky & Self Storage) = 0.6 W/ft 2 Warehouse (fine storage) = 0.85 W/ft 2 Office area = 0.9 W/ft 2 T5HO or T8 high-performance with high-performance electronic ballast Automatic dimming or switching of all luminaires in daylit areas Auto-on/off for all luminaires in the warehouse and self storage areas, manual-on/auto-off for all office areas 80% Canopied areas 0.5 W/ft 2 Lighting Recommendations The ASHRAE 30% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Highway Lodging The ASHRAE 30% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Existing Buildings The ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Big Box Retail Additional 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides planned for K-12 School Buildings Small Office Buildings Small Retail Buildings Publication dates to be determined. Additional AEDG Guides

145 ASHRAE STANDARD 189

146 The standard will be written in mandatory language in ASHRAE format Standard 189 will be an ANSI-accredited standard that can be incorporated into building codes It is intended that the standard will eventually become a prerequisite under LEED ASHRAE 189 Lighting Zone Developed areas of National Parks, State Parks, Forest Land, and Rural areas Areas predominantly consisting of residential zoning, neighborhood business districts, light industrial with limited nighttime use and residential mixed use areas All other areas Description High activity commercial districts in major metropolitan areas as designated by the local jurisdiction ASHRAE 4-Zone

147 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Base Site Allowance (base allowance may be used in tradable or nontradable surfaces) 500 W 600 W 750 W 1300 W TABLE Individual Lighting Power Allowances for Building Exteriors Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Uncovered Parking Areas Parking areas and 0.04 W/ft drives 2 Building Grounds Walkways less than 0.7 W/lf 10 feet wide Walkways 10 feet wide or greater 0.14 W/ft Plaza areas 2 Special Feature Areas Stairways 0.75 W/ft 2 Pedestrian Tunnels 0.15 W/ft 2 Landscaping 0.04 W/ft W/ft W/lf 0.14 W/ft W/ft W/ft W/ft W/ft W/lf 0.16 W/ft W/ft W/ft W/ft W/ft W/lf 0.2 W/ft W/ft W/ft W/ft 2 TABLE Individual Lighting Power Allowances for Building Exteriors

148 THE FUTURE Living Building Challenge

149 Beyond LEED - Living Building - Restorative Design Living Building Challenge Imagine a building that is built to operate as elegantly and efficiently as a flower No Credits Just Prerequisites

150 Nature as Model Nature as Mentor Nature as Measure Solar tracking PV array mimics Sunflower Prerequisites To be certified a Living Building projects must meet all 16 prerequisites Living Building Challenge

151 1. Responsible Site Selection 2. Limits to Growth 3. Habitat Exchange Site Design Prerequisites 4. Net Zero Energy Energy Prerequisites

152 5. Materials Red List (lists toxins not allowed in the project including NO MERCURY) 6. Construction Carbon Footprint 7. Responsible Industry 8. Appropriate Materials/Services Radius 9. Leadership in Construction Waste Materials Prerequisites 10.Net Zero Water 11. Sustainable Water Discharge Water Prerequisites

153 12.A Civilized Work Environment (Every occupiable space must have operable windows that provide access to fresh air and daylight) 13. Healthy Air/Source Control 14. Healthy Air Ventilation Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisites 15. Beauty and Spirit 16. Inspiration and Education Beauty & Inspiration Prerequisites

154 LEED Version 3.0 Draft version available for review as of May 20, 2008 Three Key Pieces LEED 2009 LEED Rating System updates/revisions Revision & evolution of the LEED certification process LEED Online v3 LEED Version 3

155 LEED points for all products 40 = Certified; 80 = platinum LEED Bookshelf (prerequisite & credit alignment across products) Continuous improvement cycle Comprehensive but incremental evolution Transparent environmental/human impact credit weighting Regional bonus points LEED Version 3 The New NC Scorecard

156 The New NC Scorecard

157 SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction Lighting Power densities shall not exceed ASHRAE NEW ASHRAE LIGHTING POWER DENSITY CATEGORIES FOR EXTERIOR LIGHTING LEED 2009 and Lighting