Engineering. Chemical. The Essential Reference. Louis Theodore. Mc Graw Hill Education. Singapore Sydney Toronto. New York Chicago San Francisco

Transcription

1 Chemical Engineering The Essential Reference Louis Theodore Mc Graw Hill Education New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto

2 Preface xv Introduction xvii Vapor Pressure. Partial Pressure, and Partial Volume Property Estimation 40 Part I Introduction to Engineering 1 References 41 1 Basic Calculations and Key Tables Introduction 4 I -2 Units and Dimensions Unit Conversion Factors The Gravitational Constant. gr Significant Figures and Scientific Notation Dimensionless Groups Mathematics Tables Tables of Atomic Weights Water (Steam) Tables 18 3 Numerical Methods and Optimization Introduction Differentiation Numerical Integration Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations Nonlinear Algebraic Equations Ordinary Differential Equations Partial Differential Equations Optimization 59 References 60 References 25 4 Oral and Written 2 Process Variables 27 Communication Introduction Temperature Pressure Molecular Weights and Moles Mass and Volume Viscosity Surface Tension Introduction Technical Jargon Sources of Information Oral Presentations Technical Writing On That First Job 71 References Heat Capacity and Thermal Conductivity Diffusion Coefficient pfl Reynolds Number The Ideal-Gas Law 36 5 Second Language(s) Introduction Earl}' History Questions Regarding the Learning Process 75

3 X Contents 5-4 Second-Language Factors The Choice of Language Fluidization 151 References Barriers 78 References 79 6 Chemical Engineering Processes 6-1 Introduction The Chemical Industry Today Inorganic Chemicals Organic Chemicals Petrochemicals Shreve's Unit Processes 88 <si 10 Heat Transfer Introduction Conduction Convection Radiation Condensation, Boiling, Refrigeration, and Cryogenics Heat Exchangers The Heat Exchanger Dilemma 171 References 171 References Mass Transfer 173 Part II Unit Operations 91 7 The Conservation Laws and Stoichiometry Introduction The Conservation Laws Conservation of Mass The Conservation Law for Energy The Conservation Law for Momentum Stoichiometry 102 References Thermodynamics Introduction Enthalpy Effects Second-Law Calculations Phase Equilibrium Chemical Reaction Equilibrium 121 References Introduction Equilibrium and Rate Principles Absorption Adsorption Distillation Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Leaching 201 References Membrane Separation Processes Introduction Membrane Separation Principles Reverse Osmosis Ultrafiltration Microti ltration Gas Permeation Pervaporation Electrodialysis 224 References Fluid Flow Introduction Basic Laws Key Fluid Flow Equations Prime Movers Fluid-Particle Applications Flow-through Porous Media Chemical Reactors Introduction Chemical Kinetics Arrhenius Equation Batch Reactors Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) Tubular Flow Reactors 235

4 Contents xi 13-7 Catalytic Reactors Thermal Effects Interpretation of Kinetic Data 243 References Current Medical Problem Areas Health Risk Factors Chemical Engineering Medical Applications Chemical Engineering Opportunities Process Control 251 References Introduction Process Control Fundamentals Calibration of Flow and Temperature Transducers Sizing Concerns Feedback Control Feedforward Control Cascade Control 264 References Legal Considerations Introduction Laws and Regulations: The Differences Intellectual Property Law Contract Law Tort Law Patents Copyright Infringement and Interference Process and Plant Design 15-1 Introduction Preliminary Studies Process Schematics Material Balances Equipment Design Instrumentation and Controls Design Approach The Design Report 275 References 276 Part III Peripheral Topics Copyrights Trademarks The Engineering Professional Licensing Process 314 References Purchasing Equipment Introduction Factors in Equipment Selection Preliminary Studies Equipment Design Equipment Specifications Materials Selection Instrumentation and Controls Biomedical Engineering 16-1 Introduction Basic Operations Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Design Considerations Design Procedures 288 References Equipment Selection Equipment Fabrication Installation Procedures Purchasing Equipment Guidelines 321 References Operation/ Maintenance, and Inspection Medical Applications 17-1 Introduction Early History Definitions Key Anatomic Parts Introduction Installation Procedures Operation Maintenance and Inspection Testing Improving Operation and Performance 329

5 xii Contents 20-7 Other Equipment 330 References Planning and Scheduling Execution and Implementation Monitoring and Controlling Energy Management Introduction Early History Energy Resources Closing (Project Termination) Small-Scale Project Management Reports 387 References Energy Quantity and Availability General Conservation Practices in Industry General Domestic and Commercial Property Conservation Applications 344 Part IV Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Topics Architecture and the Role of Urban Planning U.S. Energy Policy and Energy Independence Future Outlook 347 References Water Management Introduction Physicochemical Properties of Water The Hydrologic Cycle Water Usage Regulatory Status Acid Rain Treatment Processes Future Concerns 362 References Nanotechnology Introduction Early History Fundamentals and Basic Principles Nanomaterials Production Methods Current Applications Environmental Concerns Current Environmental Regulations Environmental Management Introduction Environmental Regulations Air, Water, and Solid Waste Management Classification, Sources, and Effects of Pollutants Multimedia Concerns ISO Energy Conservation The Pollution Prevention Concept Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Sustainability 402 References Health, Safety; and Accident Management Introduction Safety and Accidents Emergency Planning and Response Regulations Introduction to Environmental Risk Assessment Health Risk Assessment Hazard Risk Assessment 414 References Future Prospects 372 References Probability and Statistics Project Management Introduction Initiation Introduction Probability Definitions and Interpretations Introduction to Probability Distributions Discrete Probability Distributions 421

6 Contenl5 xiii 27-5 Continuous Probability Distributions Contemporary Statistics Regression Analysis Analysis of Variance 434 References Moral Issues Engineering Ethics Environmental Justice The Pros and Cons of Environmental Justice 455 References Economics and Finance Introduction Capital Costs Operating Costs Project Evaluation Perturbation Studies in Optimization Cost-Benefit Analysis Principles of Accounting 445 References Ethics Open-Ended Problems Introduction The Author's Approach Earlier Experience Developing Students' Power of Critical Thinking Creativity and Brainstorming Inquiring Minds Applications 462 References Introduction The Present State 450 Index 465