Methodological Support for Ecosystem Services Mapping and Biophysical Valuation

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2 MetEcosMap the project Predefined project under BG03 Biodiversity and ecosystem services, European Economic Area Financial Mechanism (EEA FM) A national methodological framework on ecosystem state and services assessment, monitoring and in situ verification, verified by fieldwork and peer review by international and national stakeholders. A group process of wide stakeholder involvement and interinstitutional cooperation to support the implementation and reporting on Action 5 Methodological coordination and support to the ongoing projects under BG03 open call BG03.02 and pre-defined project 1-IBBIS, ensuring comparability of results and outputs across these projects. Team: project partnership between IBEI, EFA (Bulgaria) and NINA (Norway), and team of experts responsible for each ecosystem type.

3 Methodology - WPs 3.1. Methodological framework for biophysical and ecosystem assessment, containing predefined indicative content for each ecosystem type 3.2. Methodology for mapping of each ecosystem type 3.4. Identification of representative ecosystems for each ecosystem type 3.5. In-situ verification in the selected representative ecosystems 3.6. Developing of in-situ verification guide 3.7. Overview and selection of assessments methods 3.8. Developing of monitoring guide

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5 Methodology Three main steps: Mapping the ecosystem types Mapping ecosystem condition Mapping ecosystem services Adopted approach: Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) working group under Biodiversity Information :

6 Ecosystem types Detailisation of the EUNIS habitats to Level 2* ES Types (Level 1/ Level 2) Terrestrial/ Urban Terrestrial/ Cropland Terrestrial/ Grassland Terrestrial/ Woodland and forest Terrestrial/ Heathland and shrub Terrestrial/ Sparsely vegetated land Terrestrial/ Wetlands Fresh water/ River and lakes Marine/ Marine * except Forest and Freshwater ecosystems at EUNIS 3, and Croplandand Urban combined EUNIS 3 and MAES Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (EUNIS 2) Terrestrial Sparsely vegetated land B1. Coastal dunes and sandy shores B2. Coastal shingle B3. Costal Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, including the supralittoral H2. Screes H3. Inland cliffs, rock pavements and outrcrops /eunis-habitat-classification

7 Methodological Support for Ecosystem Services Ecosystem types work so far European map of ecosystem types: EUNIS 2 level Based on paneuropean data; Scale 1:

8 Ecosystem types work so far National map of ecosystem types: EUNIS 1 level Based on high scale national data NATURA 2000 mapping and database: Mapping and assessment of the ecosystems in Bulgaria on the territory of NATURA 2000, 2013 First approach and a starting point

9 NATURA 2000 mapping and database: Mapping and assessment of the ecosystems in Bulgaria on the territory of NATURA 2000, 2013 Methodological Support for Ecosystem Services Ecosystem types work so far

10 Main Source Data Forest cadaster: Scale 1: Land Parcel Identification Sistem: Scale 1: Urban cadaster: Scale 1:

11 Main Source Data data overlap

12 Ecosystem Types Main specifications: GIS vector format - geospatial standards of OGC and INSPIRE; One complete coverage in a single layer; Cartographic projection: ETRS89-LAEA; Scale between 1: and 1: MMU ha

13 Ecosystem Types Step 1: Assembling source data: For each ecosystem type list of source data provided Step 2: Defining rules for ES level 3 mapping: Based on source data available; Based on the ES type 3 description

14 Ecosystem Types - example Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Terrestrial Grassland E1. Dry grasslands E2. Mesic grasslands E3. Seasonally wet and wet grasslands E4. Alpine and subalpine grasslands E6. Inland salt steppes Subtype Description Nomenclature(s) Dry grasslands Mesic grasslands Dry lands dominated by grass or herbs mostly with low productivity but high species richness. They could be open or closed, arid, floristically rich, steppe-like, typically with species of genus Stipa and Festuca. In Bulgaria within this group are included also communities dominated by Dichantium (Botriochloa) ischaemum, Chrysopogon gryllus and Poa bulbosa. They are often semi-natural in term of origin, developed on places of termophile oak forests. Lowland and montane mesotrophic and eutrophic pastures and hay meadows. They are generally more productive than dry grasslands. The soils are moistened by underground or surface water supplied by slope runoff. Species richness is generally high. Typical dominant species are Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca pratensis, Alopecurus pratensis, Trisetum flavescens. EUNIS E1; Bondev (1991)-129, 130; HD 92/42/EEC 6210, 6220, 6240, 6250, 6260, 62C0, 62A0, EUNIS E2, Bondev (1991)- 26, 44, 73, 74, 148; HD 92/42/EEC 6510, 6520

15 Ecosystem Types Step 3: Generation of GIS database: Detailed description given in mandatory for all ecosystem types. Step 4: Validation of results: Common requirements; At least 85% accuracy both thematic and geometric.

16 Ecosystem Types Database Each polygon represents one ecosystem type at level 3 One record in the vector dataset for each polygon. The ID of the polygon used for relation with metadata. Description of the data sources used for type determination. Resulting table from validation.

17 Ecosystem Types Step 5: Preparation of Digital Maps for ES types ate level 3: Maps in scale 1: according to the EEA 50km. grid; Map specifications. Step 6: Generation of metadata: INSIPRE compatible at least Inspire Metadata Editor

18 ETC-SIA: Task 222_5_1 ecosystem mapping Banko, G., Weiss, M November The color codes for each ecosystem type should follow the one used in the Map of ecosystem types V 1.4. In case no correspondence between the BG and EU types appropriate color codes should be proposed inline with the codes used in level 2 ecosystem types.

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20 Ecosystem Condition Step 1: Collecting data for ecosystem condition parameters: Table for condition parameters provided in each methodology; Table with the available data for each parameter provided in the methodology. Step 2: Assessment: Using the available data calculate for each polygon the applicable parameters; Fill the geodatabase.

21 Ecosytem structure Biotic diversity Methodological Support for Ecosystem Services Ecosystem Condition - example GRASSLANDS ECOSYSTEMS Ecological condition indicators Assessment scale Type Indicator Group Indicator Parameter Unit Measurement approach 1 (very bad) 2 (bad) 3 (moderate) 4 (good) 5 (very good) Vegetation cover percent estimation <10% 11-30% 31-50% 51-70% >70% Plant diversity Plant species richness number of species per sample plot area Calculation < >30 Animal diversity Wild animal species richness number of species per sample plot area Calculation < >150 Invasive species Other biotic diversity indicators Alien and invasive species presence Red list species (plant/animal) Number per unit area OR Percent cover number of species per grid unit Abiotic heterogeneity Soil heterogeneity Soil quality Soil type Number per grid unit of national data Cover per sample plot Grid data according to the Red Data Book of Bulgaria Assessment by soil map Example: Grassland Ecosystems >10 >15% % % % 0 0% >22 Anthrosols Gleysols Histosols Arenosols All other types

22 Ecosystem Condition - Database Calculation for each polygon the applicable ecosystem condition parameter example Vegetation Cover - % Prepare table containing the resulting values for each polygon with values for every parameter Fill the other requested info in the table

23 Ecosystem Condition - Database the parameter values from 1 to 5. Ecosystem condition indicator assessment template and calculation Parameters for ecosystem conditions assessment for cropland ecosystems example Vegetation Cover- % Parameter Unit Methodology Assessment scale 1 (very bad) 2 (bad) 3 (moderate) 4 (good) 5 (very good) Vegetation Cover % Statistic Assessment of the score for each parameter

24 Ecosystem Condition IP Index Define IP - An index of ecosystem performance IP= ni/ ni(max) Where: ni sum of parameter assessments ni(max) sum of the maximum of parameter assessments (i.e. n *5) IP a real number with values between 0 and 1 Fill for each polygon the resulting IP in the database table

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26 Ecosystem Services Step 1: Collecting data for ecosystem services indicators: Table for ecosystem indicators provided in each methodology; Table with the available data for each indicator provided in the methodology. Step 2: Assessment: Using the available data calculate for each polygon the applicable indicators; Fill the geodatabase.

27 Materials Water Provisioning Nutrition Biomass Section Division Group Methodological Support for Ecosystem Services Ecosystem Services Indicators table Class (codes CICES) Indicator Measuringmethod Parametersandunits Data sources % error P1. Cultivated crops (1111) 1. Net primary production; 2. Ecosystem condition 1. kg/ha/year; 2. condition unit Y/N P2. Reared animals and their outputs (1112) 1. Number of animals; 2. Ecosystem condition 1. n/ha; 2.condition unit Y/N P3. Wild plants, algae and their outputs (1113, 1115) 1. Usage of plant biomass/amount of plan biomass; 2. Ecosystem condition 1. kg/ha/year; 2. condition unit Y/N P4. Wild animals and their outputs (1114, 1116) 1. Usage of animal biomass/amount of animal biomass 1. kg/ha; Y/N P5. Ground water for drinking (1122) 1. Public water supply; 2.Groundwater recharge rate 1. Mill.m 3 /year; m3/capita; 2. m 3 /ha; l/sec Y/N P6. Surface water for non-drinking purposes (1221) 1. Total gross fresh water abstraction from fresh surface water? 1. Mill. m 3 /year Y/N P7. Ground water for non-drinking purposes (1222) 1. Groundwater recharge rate 1. m 3 /ha Y/N Example: Urban Ecosystems

28 Energy Biomass E. Material Provisioning Materials Water Nutrition Biomass Section Division Group Methodological Support for Ecosystem Services Ecosystem Services Indicators table Class Indicator Parameters andunits Measurem ent approach 1 Assessment scale and score P1 Indicators P1 Parameters P1 P2 Indicators P2 Parameters P2 P3 Indicators P3 Parameters P3 P4 Indicators P4 Parameters P4 P5 Indicators P5 Parameters P5 P6 Indicators P7 Parameters P6 P7 Indicators P8 Parameters P7 P8 Indicators P9 Parameters P8 P9 Indicators P10 Parameters P9 P10 Indicators P10 Parameters P10 P11 Indicators P11 Parameters P11 Example: Urban Ecosystems

29 Ecosystem Services Calculation for each polygon the applicable ecosystem service indicator example Prepare table containing the resulting values Crop Yield t/ha for each polygon with values for every indicator Fill the other requested info in the table

30 Ecosystem Services - example the parameter values from 1 to 5 Parameters for ecosystem services assessment for cropland ecosystems example Crop Yield t/ha Parameter Unit Methodology Assessment scale 1 (low relevant capacity) 2 (relevant capacity) 3 (medium relevant capacity) 4 (high relevant capacity) 5 (very high relevant capacity) Crop Yield t/ha Statistic >1-1.5 > >2-3.0 >3 Define score for each indicator If service has more than 1 indicator, calculate the final score

31 Conclusions Annexes GIS database schema Nomenclatures Descriptive document for the GIS database Database example 9 methodologies for each ecosystem type at EUNIS 1 Maps example

32 Conclusions Common Methodology for all ES types; National coverage in/out NATURA 2000; Methodological guidance not only for the final product specifications, but also for the assessment approach; Mandatory nomenclatures: comparison of results between different ES mapping; Results on national, regional and local level possibility for large scale analyses, but also identification of single important ecosystem polygons; Possibility for future comparative analyses on monitoring of the parameters.

33 Thank you for your attention! Vassil Vassilev