Mapping Global Value Chains. Sébastien Miroudot Koen De Backer OECD

Transcription

1 Mapping Global Value Chains Sébastien Miroudot Koen De Backer OECD

2 Why mapping GVCs is important. Trade policy. Trade and employment. National competitiveness and growth 4. Moving up the value chain and innovation 5. Global systemic risk

3 A number of indicators Participation in GVCs: to what extent are countries participating in GVCs Length of GVCs: how many production stages in GVCs Position of countries in GVCs: where are countries positioned in GVCs

4 A number of indicators Participation in GVCs: Import content (or foreign VA content) of exports GVC participation index: imports and exports of inputs used in third countries Length of GVCs: Average propagation length (APLs) Index of the number of production stages Position of countries in GVCs: VA as a percentage of gross output Distance to final demand index 4

5 New data available at OECD Bilateral Trade Database by Industry and by End-Use (BTDIxE) OECD inter-country input-output tables OECD ORBIS firm-level data Global view 5

6 Some stylised findings. Increasing importance of GVCs. Larger versus smaller countries. Not only Asia, but also NAFTA and EU 4. Emerging economies moving up the value chain

7 Average length of GVCs (005),4,,8,6 International Domestic,4, Source: OECD ICIO model, indicator based on Fally (0) 7

8 Length of GVCs, by industry (005),8,6,4,,8,6,4, Domestic International Source: OECD ICIO model, indicator based on Fally (0) 8

9 GVC participation and distance to final demand: motor vehicle industry 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5 4,5 4,5,5,5 Distance to final demand (right axis) GVC participation (left axis) Source: OECD ICIO model, indicator based on Koopman et al. (0) 9

10 Trade network of intermediate inputs: motor vehicle industry Source: OECD BTDIxE database 0

11 GVC participation and distance to final demand: computer services 5 4,5 4,5,5,5 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0, 0, 0, 0 Distance to final demand (left) GVC participation index (right)

12 Latin America in GVCs: Argentina Agriculture Mining and quarrying Food Textile Wood Paper Fuel Chemicals Rubber & plastics Other non-metallic Basic metals Fabricated metal products Machinery & equip. Office & computing mach. Electrical machinery TV & comm. equip. Medical & optical instr. Motor vehicles Other transport equipment Manufacturing nec Utility Hotels & restaurants Transport and storage Post & telecoms Finance & insurance Real estate Other Business Activities 5 00% 4,5 4,5,5,5 0,5 0 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% Distance to final demand Participation

13 Agriculture Latin America in GVCs: Brazil Mining and quarrying Food Textile Wood Paper Fuel Chemicals Rubber & plastics Other non-metallic Basic metals Fabricated metal products Machinery & equip. Office & computing mach. Electrical machinery TV & comm. equip. Medical & optical instr. Motor vehicles Other transport equipment Manufacturing nec Construction Hotels & restaurants Transport and storage Finance & insurance Other Business Activities Education Other social services 5 4,5 4,5,5,5 0,5 0 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% Distance to final demand Participation

14 Latin America in GVCs: Chile Agriculture Mining and quarrying Food Textile Wood Paper Chemicals Rubber & plastics Other non-metallic Basic metals Fabricated metal products Machinery & equip. Electrical machinery Motor vehicles Manufacturing nec Construction Hotels & restaurants Transport and storage Post & telecoms Finance & insurance Other social services 5 00% 4,5 4,5,5,5 0,5 0 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% Distance to final demand Participation 4

15 Latin America in GVCs: Mexico Agriculture Mining and quarrying Food Textile Wood Paper Fuel Chemicals Rubber & plastics Other non-metallic Basic metals Fabricated metal products Machinery & equip. Office & computing mach. Electrical machinery Motor vehicles Manufacturing nec Construction Hotels & restaurants Transport and storage Finance & insurance Computer & rel. activities Other Business Activities Public admin. Education Health & social work Other social services 5 00% 4,5 4,5,5,5 0,5 0 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% Distance to final demand Participation 5