Protected culture in Morocco

Transcription

1 Protected culture in Morocco Choukr-Allah R. in Choukr-Allah R. (ed.). Protected cultivation in Mediterranean region Paris : CIHEAM / IAV Hassan II Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n pages 9-15 Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Choukr-Allah R. Protected culture in Morocco. In : Choukr-Allah R. (ed.). Protected cultivation in Mediterranean region. Paris : CIHEAM / IAV Hassan II, p (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 31)

2 et Agadir, Complexe Abstract: on area of is estimated at 8,540 ha hit tomato, melon, leading cut fiuit is moving fiom to to as well as is in to look to as well as new to quality of in has management, to name but a few, as development of of economy and in in in EEC This open field of of to south to meet time schedule imposed by EEC. At see a change even in cultivation since to is cultivation is about 8,540 ha including vegetables, cut and The multispan and type and type as we11 as level of technical this intensive Statistics available in to censing by and office 1996, total at 8,540 ha. The dedicated to is 935 ha (17.7%) and melon: 609 ha (11.5%). beans (Table l) plastic of 2930 ha canceling of in Cahiers Options vol31 9

3 i -Tomato CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes cultivation is along of Atlantic coast between as as abundant light to 1400 hrs). (ha) Table 1. Vegetable crops under greenhouse 1994/95 season Acreage Crop Tomato Strawberry pepper Cucumber Green bean Courgette Water melon O00 O (T) ~- Egg plant 200 Total ~ of located in south valley) with a total of 3162 ha in The of El second with 801 ha, followed by of Casablanca (352 last two a in in of of plastic in is also to of of by a in (Table 2). The main of of banana is (55% of total is located close to (Table 3). plastic in 351 than vegetable (Table 4). The El The dedicated to cut to is Table 2. Vegetable crop acreage and production for export 1994/ / Tomato O O O OPEN O o Eggplant O Total O (T) (T) WVA96 l0

4 ~ CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes I Table 3. Banana crops under greenhouse season Acreage (ha) Production (T) O El Jadida O O Casablanca 5 Total Table 4. Area of cut flowers per region ~- (ha) Acreage El Jadida Tadla Total 340 l00 " V A 96 _._. "VA 1996 The basic used vegetable is a 3 to 3.4 m high, 9 m wide and 56 m long, about 500 m2. with elements in aluminum, is well adapted to 9) has 2 lengthwise sheets of plastic house witha plastic with ventilation achieved by At this type (Table 5) 40% of vegetable The is made of Eucalyptus method is in in it 54 % of vegetable in to of than 20% of of this type. With is a tendency to in most of se is polyethylene film. A small of use polyethylene film. Table 5. of protected area per type of shelter Type of cut % plantations Ganar Types l Low tunnels ~- ~ ~~ ~ Total vol31 11

5 is a 5 to 6 m high fiom 0.8 to m wide and 125 m long a single sheet to one end to many design but only two basic types - a wooden pole block-type house a galvanized steel pipe fiame house. The most dominant style is with A new to last 3 type is a tendency to use wooden pole blocktype houses and, 1995, y 48 % of usually 200 pm thick and last 2 se is achievedby lifting sides by sidewalls. The of used is dominated by Souss of wood galvanized tube of plastic months of 28% to 90% of total Total yield as well as. quality of since tomato 40 to last t/ha national yield of is between 240 O00 and 300 O00 Yields of 500 O00 be obtained in that supplemental more sophisticated to heat loss of is unusual and limited to is in in One of development of soilless is pathological. effect, intensive plastic is soil fatigue leading to a in this in some 1939, total 70 ha. The main used pozzala11 and sand. The calcium levels inducing 21 ha still in using pozzalan tomato have been tested including of and of and also indicate that quality in soilless much than with soil be expected expansion of to be able to that can be applied to soilless it is evident that a avoiding minimizing use of pesticides in soilless will be using se two of since y could be do into soil as amendments. Given limited season, soil fatigue andhigh can ody one This does not allow m to basin hps to choose of highest quality on vol31

6 all vegetable main -& an company Ninety-five of long shelf-life 6f Gallia type and Osso used - Gavendish. Given that available in than it to use to (0.4 to 7 ds/m). Given of excessive salinity of being dug as deep as 120 m in Qualidia is of into coastal of to of lining with plastic of and as is being widely used in to addition have tomato is now common to use honey bees manual and mechanical since quality of and total of bees in to selective use of pesticides. now of of if y to compete in To of high quality of some insects as well as mechanical means using nets. show that to install as between 23.6 and 19.4 (Table 32 and 39% of investment depending on type 20%, % of cost of 1 kg of tomato 1.69 and 2.15 and between

7 236 Table 6. Cost of land soil Financial expenses Total of different investments for tomato and melon crops under greenhouse Tomato Total % Total % 4 O00 1 O00 20 O O O O O O cost of tomato This is mostly due to costs as well as taxes and commission. This shows that is We can thus anxiety to using up-to-date technology to compete within Table 7. Cost price of tomato shipped up to Perpignan, France cost cost cost Tomato cost Spain 2.46 Total 6.13 * L2: 1 US$ Source: O APEFEE, Fiche technique le d'une de Tomate au Castilla Prados de en Choukr-Allah, La situazione nei paesi intensiva. Anna di Janiek, J in - 24 no. 1 :

8 1996. de la campagne La tomate et le de la production agricole, le Souss la "VA, Le Sirjacobs, au - et Eaux. Vol. 16, no. 62: