Fayoum pilot project for the reuse for irrigation

Transcription

1 Fayoum pilot project for the reuse for irrigation Amer Mohamed H., Alganar D.S. in Bouchet R. (ed.). Reuse low quality water for irrigation Bari : CIHEAM Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n pages 3747 Article available on line / Article dponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite th article / Pour citer cet article Amer Mohamed H., Alganar D.S. Fayoum pilot project for the reuse for irrigation. In : Bouchet R. ( ed.). Reuse low quality water for irrigation. Bari : CIHEAM, p (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 1)

2 I Fayoum pilot project for the reuse drainage water for irrigation and Drainage Research Institute Egypt The Fayoum territory one the depressions in desert. lies about 85 km southwest Cairo (see Figure l), and it stretches over an area about 400,000 feddans (l feddan = 1.04 acres). closed basin with an altitude ranging from 24 meters above sea level to meters below sea level on the bed Lake Qaroun which lies in the north and whose surface area approximately 3,100 km2. The present cultivable area 315,000 Hassan Wassef while the excess and drainage water dcharges into Lake Qaroun (69%) and depression (31%). in short supply in certain parts the Fayoum. As a result some arable lands lay fallow in summer and other areas are irrigated. Th leads to low average agricultural productivity levels in the area. Th report designed to shed some light on such problems and to explain some the wellsuited solutions. The research on which it based was done under the umbrella a project study ( ) which 'was carried out jointly by the an An area about 10,000 feddans was chosen for the project, with a nearby area 6,000 fedduns which might be potentially developed as a result th study. A working team from both the study: hydrological, agronomic, pedological and socioeconomical studies. The overall efficiency irrigation water use relatively high compared to water use in the Delta. drainage water that actually drained into Lake Qaroun too high, causing a re the lake levels to unacceptable limits. Objectives the project 1. To new lands and supplying to old TO improve the uniformity irrigation water supply, reuse drainage water should be initiated. Th would contribute to lowering Lake Qaroun levels and providing additional water as supplementary irrigation for exting lands and developing available water for the surrounding expansion areas. 2. To at the tail ends which uncultivated due to soil

3 38 3. To to the quality the soil. 4. To 5. To do an economic General aspects the project The pilot about 10,000 feddans located in one the five Figure 2 location the with its section it its The flow by 65% a) the inadequaccy and the unevenness the b) Consequently, the the affecting aspects the which th study was to the l. determinations A found that the pilot its flooded by the same time, the These facts explain the necessity it was Nile at Lahoun to two Youssef (55 m3/sec.), (42 m3/sec.). (17m3/sec.) (25 m3/sec.). (10,000 feddans). A to evaluate the possibility feddans, allowing cultivating new out in (2.5 feddans) was selected (see Figure 2). 6,000 field 24 a week. Ta'adil 36, Ta'adil 54 and Ta'adil 69, excluding mvfeddan with B mslfeddan. studies about 66O'million cubic 69% The catchment to (figure 41, and 31% to an open an 8 km Lahoun (+ 25 to (43 Figure 3 which by two small (2.5 feddans) takes its

4 effect using high the pilot land about 14%. and the fallow found (6,000 feddans) by expansion El the been developed by supplied to Salt the design model C the monthly unit (CWU) about 250 km2 and its volume about 1100 due to the (= , the lake by (Figure 5). Th was caused by an excess lake inflow A lake inflow can be efficiency Ground water Seven deep wells installed at a 30 depth. The location these wells shown in Figure 2 shown in Figure 7. well it no significant effect Wadi El on exts in some locations. E Climate CWV the consumptive ET the should be the excess drainage water and Table it obvious as exting lands which A Shakshouk at data (Figure 2). at Fayoum town and A study the Wadi by pumping about 10 dsec. out both the (22" C), (55%), (11 mm) and the (2,010 mm). 2. Crop water use mixing locations in the Two objective : about 86% the end 20,000 feddans);

5 mixing the high quality the (7001,000 p.p.m.) with the flow a) The new (6,000 feddans). to at 10 m/sec. with a salinity 800 p.p.m. and a static head 3.58 m. The total cost LE 3 million. V The experimental plot study 2.5 feddans was establhed to study the use common as vegetables. 12 pumped to twin tanks which connected to a (2 m). took place in volumes each time a main pipe line at the head the plots. 45 b) The El Nazla by means an open channel 6 km long at a cost LE 3.5 million. 2 Vfeddan. in the season, the a tile at a The combined benefit levels the a high feasibility, as obtained = 78.6%) the case pumping and 63% the case will used: i) Soil studies iii) (50% 50% A semi detailed soil found was the soil clay loam, silt, silt clay, sand clay and sandy foam to to 50%. (923%). sandy soils 1. Salinity all Soil salinity flooded by iv) mixed (50% 50% whole v) vi) as used by 1. Effects soils the salinity development a depth 2.0 m, it with initial soil 4 mmhoskm, (1,700 ppm) showed soil desalinization. Soil

6 41 which had initial soil salinity less than 4 mmhoslcm as shown in Table 2. species a study was made all seasons. mixed b) lack system capacity. supply, by and affected by by developing yield. to 1,700 yield. Cotton yields by was no in to a joint study was objective was to study the (10,000 feddans) and in an expansion (6,000 intensive studies, 2.5 feddans was selected. was concluded that: geopedological, and socio soil salinity as long as less than that the soil. Th means that with 1,300 or 1,700 ppm the soil if it mmhos (2,560 ppm). On less than mmhos, salts will accumulate. Gypsum application at a 2 tonslfeddan, with installation value by about 30%; conclusions and 1. a peak demand 2. by new would be capable by itself solving peak demand, without 3. wheat could than 4 the yield but was affected by in efficiency and a) 2.5 mmhos. Conclusions and recommendations sensitive to as: to taken into account. 5. Wadi El by in two a pumping station to (10 mísec.) a cost LE 3 million. The to feed by a 6 km open

7 channel at a cost about LE 3.5 million. choice. field plots, it was found the soil salinity as long as salt less than that the (1,700 ppm) mixed (1,300 ppm), the if it 'was 4 leads to the accumulation salts. 7. to 1,700 4 yield. mmhoskm than 2.5 salinity could El Guindy, S, Study on the salinity on Crop Agriculture. (1986). Water and Salt Balance. Joint report (1987). Cairo:

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9 ~~ CIHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 44 Figure 1:The Fayoum 1 1 El i... el 10 km Figure 2: project area

10 45 Figure 3 A crosssection from Fayoum City 1 bottom a 3. J Figure 4: Fayoum IA \ 1 I, \ Bahr El Gharaq Batts drain Wadi drain drains options

11 Figure 5 Average annual water levels M.S.L. Figure 6 dcharges compared with crop water consumption y 1 J F A M J A O

12 47 Figure 7: Cropping pattern for plots and lysimeters i 1987 i op N D J F M A M J J A S O N D : j T p i l 1 1 l 3 U :1 3 I c a I r1 : : i 9 23 i i.29 30