Weed Management in Soybean
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- Phoebe Watkins
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1 Weed Management in Soybean Questions from Ontario Farmers Boundary Roundup + Conquest Guardian Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Pursuit (Post) Roundup (Post)
2 Question # 1 I heard RR soybeans are off patent. Can I grow bin run RR soybeans?
3 Roundup Ready Soybean Date August 28, 2011 Spring 2012 Spring 2013 Details Patent on first generation RR1 soybean expires. Seed planted before August 28, 2011 cannot be saved without breaching the TUA and patent law. Stockpiling is not allowed under the law. Seed purchased prior to patent expiry is still protected by the law regardless of when it is planted. RR1 soybean seed purchased after August 28, 2011 can be saved and replanted if you do not have to sign an agreement. Earliest a farmer could replant RR1 soybean seed from the bin is 2013 from seed purchased and saved in ***The patent for RR2Y soybean was filed on December 12, 2000 and expires on December 12, 2020 (20 years) ***
4 Question # 2 I planted my corn very early this spring and put down my PRE residual corn herbicide. I had a really poor stand of corn and I want to re-seed to soybean. Is it safe?
5 Corn Herbicides Primextra Dual + Callisto Converge Battalion Frontier + Marksman Nurse, AAFC Swanton, UG Sikkema, UG Injury (%) 2 WAE - Mean of 9 Studies 6 WBP 4 WBP 2 WBP PRE
6 Corn herbicide injury in soybean Primextra Dual + Callisto Battalion Frontier + Marksman Converge
7 Corn Herbicides Primextra Dual + Callisto Converge Battalion Frontier + Marksman Nurse, AAFC Swanton, UG Sikkema, UG Yield loss (% of check) - Mean of 9 Studies 6 WBP 4 WBP 2 WBP PRE
8 Corn Herbicides Herbicide Primextra Battalion Frontier + Marksman Converge Dual + Callisto Minimum Interval Don t Don t Explanation Less than 4% injury Less than 5% yield loss 4 wks 7% injury 4 wks 2 % yield loss 6 wks 2 % injury 6 wks - 0 % yield loss 6 wks 11% injury 6 wks 14 % yield loss Injury year after
9 Question # 3 Is there a benefit of adding Crop Booster to Roundup in RR soybean?
10 No effect on weed control Crop Booster 4 studies Buckwheat, Wild Lamb's-quarters Mustard, Wild Nightshade, E. black Pigweed, Redroot Ragweed, Common Foxtail, Green All Weeds Visual Weed Control (% 8 WAA) Sikkema, UG Roundup Roundup + Crop Booster
11 No effect on RR soybean yield Crop Booster 4 studies Check 23.4 Roundup 41.6 Roundup + Crop Booster Sikkema, UG Soybean Yield (bu/ac)
12 Crop Booster Summary 1. No difference in weed control 2. No difference in RR soybean yield Roundup (Post)
13 Question # 4 My IP soybeans are at the flowering stage and I have some weed escapes. Which herbicides are safest to apply at this late stage?
14 Late herbicide application in IP Soybean Pinnacle & Pursuit cause the most injury! Assure Basagran Reflex FirstRate Classic Pursuit Pinnacle Injury (% 1 WAA) Sikkema, UG Nurse, AAFC Recommended Rate Spray Overlap
15 Herbicide injury in soybean Assure Basagran Reflex Soybean usually recovers with no yield loss
16 Pinnacle injury in soybean Pursuit injury in soybean
17 Late herbicide application in IP Soybean Pinnacle & Pursuit cause the greatest yield loss! Assure Basagran Reflex FirstRate Classic Pursuit Pinnacle Yield loss (%) - 4 studies Sikkema, UG Nurse, AAFC Recommended Rate Spray Overlap
18 Late Herbicides Summary 1. Assure, Basagran and Reflex a. May cause leaf burn shortly after application b. Crop usually recovers with no impact on yield 2. FirstRate and Classic a. May cause yellowing, reddening of the veins and stunting b. Crop usually recovers with no impact on yield 3. Pursuit and Pinnacle a. May cause yellowing, reddening of the veins and stunting b. Crop yield losses may occur
19 Question # 5 I heard about glyphosateresistant weeds. What are my weed management options in RR soybean?
20 Roundup Ready Soybean Weed Control Strategies 1. Single application of Roundup 2. PRE residual herbicide followed by a POST application of Roundup 3. Tankmix of Roundup with another POST herbicide 4. Sequential application of Roundup
21 Roundup Ready Soybean Yield (bu/ac) Yield (bu/ac) Weed-free Roundup EP Roundup LP Roundup + Pursuit EP Boundary PRE; Roundup LP Roundup EP; Roundup LP Sikkema, UG Nurse, AAFC Average of 11 studies
22 Weed Control (%) Roundup Ready Soybean Weed Control Roundup EP Roundup LP Roundup + Pursuit EP Pursuit PRE; Roundup LP Roundup EP; Roundup LP Sikkema, UG Nurse, AAFC Velvetleaf Pigweed Ragweed Lamb's-quarters Foxtail
23 Weed Control (%) Roundup Ready Soybean Weed Control Roundup EP Roundup LP Roundup + Pursuit EP Pursuit PRE; Roundup LP Roundup EP; Roundup LP Sikkema, UG Nurse, AAFC Velvetleaf Pigweed Ragweed Lamb's-quarters Foxtail
24 Weed Control (%) Roundup Ready Soybean Weed Control Roundup EP Roundup LP Roundup + Pursuit EP Pursuit PRE; Roundup LP Roundup EP; Roundup LP Sikkema, UG Nurse, AAFC Velvetleaf Pigweed Ragweed Lamb's-quarters Foxtail
25 Weed management options in RR soybean Roundup EP Roundup LP Boundary (PRE); Roundup LP Roundup + Pursuit EP
26 Roundup Ready Soybean Conclusions 1. Excellent soybean yields can be obtained with different weed management programs 2. Weed management is field specific 3. The most consistent weed control was provided by a. A residual herbicide (PRE) fb glyphosate (LP) b. A tankmix of glyphosate plus a residual herbicide (EP) c. A sequential application of glyphosate applied EP fb LP
27 Roundup Ready Soybean Comments 1. Due to the possibility of glyphosate-resistant weeds or weed shifts, the following are recommended: a. A diverse crop rotation b. Inclusion of multiple herbicide modes-ofaction a. Preemergence residual followed by glyphosate postemergence b. Postemergence tankmix of glyphosate + another effective herbicide
28 Weed Control (%) 8 WAA Which PRE residual should I use? It depends Sikkema, UG Nurse, AAFC Pursuit PRE; Roundup LP Boundary PRE; Roundup LP Broadstrike RC + Dual PRE; Roundup LP Velvetleaf Pigweed Ragweed Lamb's-quarters Foxtail
29 Weed Control (%) 8 WAA Which PRE residual should I use? It depends Sikkema, UG Nurse, AAFC Pursuit PRE; Roundup LP Boundary PRE; Roundup LP Broadstrike RC + Dual PRE; Roundup LP Velvetleaf Pigweed Ragweed Lamb's-quarters Foxtail
30 Glyphosate Resistant Giant Ragweed Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG
31 Giant Ragweed Survey Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG
32 S R Day of application Vink, UG 1 day after application 7 days after application 28 days after application
33 S R Day of application Vink, UG S R 1 day after application Vink, UG 7 days after application 28 days after application
34 S R Day of application Vink, UG S R 1 day after application Vink, UG S R Vink, UG 7 days after application 28 days after application
35 S R Day of application Vink, UG S R 1 day after application Vink, UG S R S R Vink, UG Vink, UG 7 days after application 28 days after application
36 Ontario 2009: 17 sites confirmed
37 Canada fleabane - Survey Vink, UG Vink, UG Canada fleabane in soybean In Essex county in 2010 Vink, UG
38 Suspected Glyphosate Resistant Canada fleabane Susceptible Resistant Vink, UG Vink, UG Control 450 g/ha 900 g/ha Control 450 g/ha 900 g/ha Two weeks after application
39 Results: Ontario sites
40 Question # 6 When is the best time to apply Roundup in RR soybean?
41 Yield (bu/ac) Roundup Ready Soybean 50 Roundup Application Timing Hamill, AAFC Sikkema, UG Uni Weedy Average of 16 Experiments
42 Roundup Ready Soybean Application Timing Days After Emergence Delay in Application Yield Loss (bu/ac) Value ($/acre)
43 1st Trifoliate Sikkema, UG 2nd Trifoliate Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG 3rd Trifoliate 4th Trifoliate
44 Roundup Ready Soybean So, what is the right application timing? Well, it depends 1. Relative time of weed emergence 2. Weed species composition 3. Weed density 4. Environmental and fertility conditions 5. Soybean and Roundup price
45 Roundup Ready Soybean Early/Correct Application Timing 1. Protect the full yield potential of the crop a. Severe yield losses may result if application is delayed too long 2. Generally weeds are easier to control when they are young and actively growing 3. Late emerging weeds generally do not reduce crop yield 4. A second application will be required in some fields
46 Question # 7 Does time of day affect weed control with postemergence herbicides in soybean?
47 Weed Control (%) 4 WAA Time of Day 100 Pursuit b a a 83 a 76 a 57 b 40 b am 9 am 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am Velvetleaf - Ridgetown and Harrow
48 Weed Control (%) 4 WAA Time of Day 100 Pursuit b a a a 56 a 43 ab 28 b 0 6 am 9 am 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am Common ragweed - Harrow
49 Weed Control (%) 8 WAA Time of Day 100 Roundup (2 sites) am 9 am 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am Barnyard grass Green foxtail Lamb's-quarters
50 Weed Control (%) 4 WAA Time of Day 100 Roundup a a a a b b 36 b am 9 am 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am Velvetleaf - Ridgetown
51 Weed Control (%) 4 WAA Time of Day Roundup a 91 a 95 a a a 84 a 62 b am 9 am 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am Pigweed - Ridgetown and Harrow
52 Weed Control (%) 4 WAA Time of Day Roundup b 90 a a a a 79 b c am 9 am 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am Common ragweed - Ridgetown
53 Weedy Check 6 am 9 am Glyphosate Time of Day 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am
54 Yield (bu/ac) Time of Day Roundup 2-4 bu/ac difference in yield Weedy 6 am 9 am 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am Yield (bu/ac)
55 Time of Day Summary 1. Change in efficacy during the day is thought to be due to: a. Changes in air temperature i. Epicuticular wax is more fluid at higher temperatures ii. Increase in membrane permeability iii. Increase in rates of diffusion iv. Increase in enzyme activity and metabolic processes b. Changes in leaf angle i. Decrease in spray interception and retention
56 Leaf orientation during the day Leaf orientation during the night
57 Time of Day Summary 2. Time of day affects a. The level of weed control b. Soybean yield c. Net returns
58 Question # 8 I have heard about glyphosate resistant weeds so I want to add a tankmix partner to my preplant burndown. Is it safe to add 2,4-D or Amitrol?
59 Amitrol DPP 7 DPP 1 DPP 7 DAP Hamill, AAFC Swanton, UG Sikkema, UG Injury (%) 7 DAE - Mean of 6 Studies 1 L/ac 2 L/ac
60 Amitrol DPP 7 DPP 1 DPP 7 DAP Hamill, AAFC Swanton, UG Sikkema, UG Yield (% of check) - Mean of 6 Studies 1 L/ac 2 L/ac
61 2,4-D 600 Ester 14 DPP Less than 1% injury 7 DPP 1 DPP 7 DAP Hamill, AAFC Swanton, UG Sikkema, UG Injury (%) 7 DAE - Mean of 6 Studies 0.5 L/ac 1.0 L/ac
62 2,4-D 600 Ester Less than 1% yield loss 14 DPP 7 DPP 1 DPP 7 DAP Hamill, AAFC Swanton, UG Sikkema, UG Yield (% of check) - Mean of 6 Studies 0.5 L/ac 1.0 L/ac
63 Amitrol & 2,4-D Summary 1. When applied 2 weeks before seeding soybean a. There was less than 1% injury b. There was less than 1% yield loss
64 Question # 9 I just scouted my field and noticed that there are manganese deficiency symptoms and weed escapes. Should I add manganese to glyphosate?
65 Roundup + Manganese Every Mn formulation reduced weed control with Roundup Roundup 96 Roundup + Ecoman 66 Roundup + MangaMax 70 Roundup + ManMax 58 Roundup + Superman 83 Roundup + This Stoller 72 Roundup + Nortrace 6% 91 Roundup + Notrace 22% Roundup + WolfTrax Weed control (%) 56 DAA Sikkema, UG Summary of 4 experiments across 12 weed species
66 Roundup + Manganese Roundup Roundup + Ecoman Roundup + MangaMax Roundup + ManMax 34 Roundup + Superman Roundup + This Stoller Roundup + Nortrace 6% Roundup + Notrace 22% 41 Roundup + WolfTrax Soybean Yield (bu/ac) Sikkema, UG Summary of 4 experiments
67 Roundup + Superman Weed free 30 Weed free + Superman 34 Roundup 30 Roundup + Superman 31 Roundup fb Superman Soybean Yield (bu/ac) Sikkema, UG Summary of 2 experiments
68 Question # 10 Is there an effect of nozzle selection, water carrier volume and spray pressure on weed control?
69 Weed Control (%) Flat fan vs Air Induction Reflex - Weed Control 4 WAA Velvetleaf Common ragweed Lamb's-quarters FF AI Sikkema, UG Spieser,OMAFRA 1 No difference in broadleaf weed control with Reflex, Basagran, FirstRate and Roundup
70 Weed Control (%) Water Volume - Flat Fan Weed Control 4 WAA Velvetleaf - Reflex Lamb's-quarters - Reflex Barnyard grass - Assure 100 L/ha 200 L/ha Sikkema, UG Spieser,OMAFRA 1 No difference in broadleaf weed control with Basagran, FirstRate and Roundup
71 Weed Control (%) Water Volume Air Induction Weed Control 4 WAA Velvetleaf - Reflex Common ragweed - Reflex Barnyard grass - Assure 100 L/ha 200 L/ha Sikkema, UG Spieser,OMAFRA 1 No difference in broadleaf weed control with Basagran, FirstRate and Roundup
72 Weed Control (%) Water Volume Air Induction Roundup Weed Control 4 WAA Sikkema, UG Spieser,OMAFRA Velvetleaf 100 L/ha 200 L/ha Lady's thumb
73 Weed Control (%) Spray Pressure Air Induction Weed Control 4 WAA Lamb's-quarters - Basagran Barnyard grass - Assure 280 kpa 490 kpa Sikkema, UG Spieser,OMAFRA 1 No difference in broadleaf weed control with Reflex, FirstRate and Roundup
74 Nozzles, Water Volume & Pressure Summary 1. Nozzle selection (FF vs AI) a. No difference in broadleaf weed control with Basagran, FirstRate, Reflex and Roundup b. Reduced barnyard grass control (3%) with Assure with the AI nozzle
75 Nozzles, Water Volume & Pressure Summary 1. Nozzle selection (FF vs AI) a. No difference in broadleaf weed control with Basagran, FirstRate, Reflex and Roundup b. Reduced barnyard grass control (3%) with Assure with the AI nozzle 2. Higher water volume (FF) a. Improved velvetleaf and lamb s-quarters control with Reflex b. Improved barnyard grass control with Assure
76 Nozzles, Water Volume & Pressure Summary 1. Nozzle selection (FF vs AI) a. No difference in broadleaf weed control with Basagran, FirstRate, Reflex and Roundup b. Reduced barnyard grass control (3%) with Assure with the AI nozzle 2. Higher water volume (FF) a. Improved velvetleaf and lamb s-quarters control with Reflex b. Improved barnyard grass control with Assure 3. Higher water volume (AI) a. Improved velvetleaf and ragweed control with Reflex b. Improved barnyard grass control with Assure c. Lower velvetleaf and lady s thumb control with Roundup
77 Nozzles, Water Volume & Pressure Summary 1. Nozzle selection (FF vs AI) a. No difference in broadleaf weed control with Basagran, FirstRate, Reflex and Roundup b. Reduced barnyard grass control (3%) with Assure with the AI nozzle 2. Higher water volume (FF) a. Improved velvetleaf and lamb s-quarters control with Reflex b. Improved barnyard grass control with Assure 3. Higher water volume (AI) a. Improved velvetleaf and ragweed control with Reflex b. Improved barnyard grass control with Assure c. Lower velvetleaf and lady s thumb control with Roundup 4. Higher spray pressure (AI) a. Improved lamb s-quarters control with Basagran b. Improved barnyard grass control with Assure
78 Thank You 1. Research Technicians: Christy Shropshire, Todd Cowan, Lynette Brown and Chris Kramer 2. Grain Farmers of Ontario 3. Agricultural Adaptation Council (Farm Innovation Program) 4. Herbicide Manufacturers Peter H Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus
79 Weed Management in Soybean Questions from Ontario Farmers Boundary Roundup + Conquest Guardian Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Pursuit (Post) Roundup (Post)
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