Crop Physiology Laboratory Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Transcription

1 Crop Physiology Laboratory Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Farmer Research Summit UI Campus, Urbana, IL January 8, 2016

2 The Six Secrets of Soybean Success Rank Factor Weather Fertility Genetics/Variety Foliar Protection 5 6 Given key prerequisites

3 Soybean Yield Components Yield = Pod number/acre x Seeds per pod x Weight per seed

4 The Legendary 5 Bean Pod Champaign, 2013

5 Soybean Yield Components Yield = Pod number/acre x Seeds per pod x Weight per seed

6 The Six Secrets of Soybean Success Rank Factor Weather Fertility Genetics/Variety Foliar Protection 5 6 Given key prerequisites

7 Soybean Yield Components Yield = Pod number/acre x Seeds per pod x Weight per seed

8 How Does Pod Number Effect Soybean Yield 3.0 Pod Number (per node) Bushels Node Number

9 How Does Pod Number Effect Soybean Yield 3.0 Pod Number (per node) Bushels 62 Bushels Node Number

10 Katie Parker M.S. Student Crop Physiology Laboratory Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

11 Soybean Yield Components Yield = Pod number/acre x Seeds per pod x Weight per seed

12 Treatments Two field experiments were planted at Champaign, IL (central) and Harrisburg, IL (southern) during Four agronomic factors were : 1) Variety: 3.1 and 3.8 RM variety (Champaign); 4.8 and 5.3 RM variety (Harrisburg). 2) Fertilization regime: Untreated control vs preplant banded phosphorus at 75 lbs P 2 O 5 acre -1 as Mosaic s MicroEssentials SZ TM ( S-1Zn). 3) Foliar Protection: Untreated control vs a foliar insecticide (Fastac) and fungicide (Priaxor) applied at R3. 4) Plant Growth Regulators (PGR): Megafol applied at V5 or Ascend at R2 or Utilize applied at R2.

13 Yield Response to Management Treatment Harrisburg Yield Champaign bu ac -1 Untreated Fertility Foliar Protection Fertility & Foliar Protection Plant Growth Regulator Fertility, Foliar Protection, and PGR LSD (α=0.10)

14 Yield Response to PGR s Harrisburg Champaign Treatment Yield bu ac -1 Untreated Megafol Utilize Ascend LSD (α=0.10)

15 Pod Sampling Five plants plot - 1 were sampled at R5 (beginning seed), late R6 (full seed), and R8 (full maturity). Number and weight of beans were determined using canopy region subsets: nodes 4 to 6 (boeom third of canopy), nodes 10 to 12 (middle third), and nodes 15 to 17 (upper third).

16 Study Conclusions Middle region of the soybean canopy was responsible for approximately 58% of final yield compared to the bottom and top regions Harrisburg, IL Greatest yield increase due to foliar protection Increase from increased seed weight in the top nodes Champaign, IL 6 bushel increase from fertility with foliar protection Increased seed number at the middle and the top nodes.

17 Record Soybean Yield: 160 bu/a Achieved in 2010 by Kip Cullers 1. Plant for even and fast seed emergence. 2. Eliminate weeds early. 3. Scout fields daily. 4. Use fungicides. 5. Maximize plant populations. 6. Plant big seed. 7. Don t let soybeans get too tall.

18 Culler s Thoughts Cullers sprayed his plot at the second trifoliate with a full rate of Cobra herbicide heated up with crop oil and 32%. Ultimately, it killed the main growing point and caused the plant to branch into the equivalent of three to four plants. - Cullers Thinks the Cobra application will allow him to back off on soybean seed populations in the future.

19 Crop Science 101

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21 Y-Branch Trial Branching Treatment Plant Population Plants acre -1 Control 160,000 Cobra 160,000 Low Decapitation 160,000 High Decapitation 160,000 Control 80,000 Cobra 80,000 Low Decapitation 80,000 High Decapitation 80,000 Applied at 12.5 oz/acre All applications will be made at V3 growth stage. Low decapitation consists of leaving only the unifoliate leaves on the plant. High decapitation consists of leaving one trifoliate on the plant.

22 Decapitation Procedures

23 Cobra Burn

24 Low Decapitation

25 High Decapitation

26 Treatments at 80,000 Plants per Acre Control Cobra Low Decapitation High Decapitation

27 Treatments at 160,000 Plants per Acre Control Cobra Low Decapitation High Decapitation

28 Results of 160,000 PPA Treatment Yield Seed Weight Seed Number bu ac -1 mg seed -1 seed m -2 Control Cobra Low Decapitation High Decapitation LSD (α=0.10)

29 Results of 80,000 PPA Treatment Yield Seed Weight Seed Number bu ac -1 mg seed -1 seed m -2 Control Cobra Low Decapitation High Decapitation LSD (α=0.10)

30 80,000 PPA vs. 160,000 PPA Treatment Yield at 80,000 PPA Yield at 160,000 PPA bu ac Control Cobra Low Decapitation High Decapitation LSD (α=0.10)

31 Conclusions Stressing the soybean plant with cutting reduced soybean yields from 5 to 20 bushels. Low and high decapitation most likely decreased yield due to the reduction in beans produced by the plant. Cobra treatment caused a significant decrease in seed weight; however, seed number is comparable to that of the control.

32 Conclusions When comparing the control treatments of the different populations, 160,000 vs 80,000, the higher population resulted in a 7 to 12 bushel increase.