Breeding - Grain sorghum: Rabi

Transcription

1 Breeding - Grain sorghum: Rabi R Madhusudhana, Co-ordinating with scientists at several SAUs C o n t e n t s Executive summary... 1 Detailed report... 6 Multi-location AICSIP trials Initial and Advanced Hybrid Trial-IAHT (Deep soil) Initial and Advanced Varietal Trial-IAVT (Deep soil) Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrids trial-iavht (Shallow soils) Parental line trial: Inter-institutional trials:... 9 Rabi Sorghum breeding at IIMR Development of improved rabi sorghum varieties with high yield, drought tolerance and charcoal rot 2. resistance (MY Samdur) Development of multi-genotype varieties (MAGIC lines) for genetic diversification and enhancing yield stability in Rabi sorghum (Parashuram Patroti) Development of genetically diversified high yielding rabi sorghum hybrids (R Madhusudhana) Stay green QTL introgression in rabi sorghum genotypes (R Madhusudhana) Rabi Sorghum breeding at AICSIP centers Rahuri Parbhani Tandur Vijayapura (Bijapur) Gulbarga Dharwad Surat Akola Phaltan Other activities Publications a) Journal articles b) Books and chapters c) Technical bulletin d) Popular articles e) Symposium/ Seminars f) Abstracts g) Folders h) Press notes Executive summary During , both basic and applied researches towards improvement of rabi grain sorghum were taken up. Applied researches dealt with multi-location yield trials of finished or near finished products (varieties and hybrids) from the centers of All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum (AICRPS) and private companies. Basic and strategic researches focused on various aspects including new MS and R line development, breeding for earliness, drought tolerance, cold tolerance, resistance against key insects and diseases etc. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 1 of 39

2 Multi-location AICSIP trials: During the year , following 4 multi-location yield trials were conducted across rabi locations. 1. Initial and Advanced Hybrid Trial (Deep soil) 2. Initial and Advanced Varietal Trial (Deep soil) 3. Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid Trial (Shallow soil) 4. Parental line trial (PLT) 1. Initial and Advanced Hybrid Trial (IAHT-Deep soil): In this combined trial of initial and advanced hybrids under deep soil, 6 hybrids along with 2 hybrid checks (CSH15R and CSH13), 3 varietal checks (CSV22, CSV29 and M35-1) and a local check were evaluated for grain yield, fodder yield and other agronomic traits. No test hybrid did show superiority which is statistically significant over the check CSH15R for grain yield and Fodder yields. Grain yield in test hybrids ranged from 2501 kg/ha (SPH 1899) to 3021 kg/ha (SPH 1863). None of the test hybrids were statistically superior to the check, CSH15R, which yielded 2707 kg/ha. Three test hybrids namely SPH1863 (11.58%), SPH1864 (10.02%) and SPH1897 (9.49%) were numerically superior over CSH15R. For fodder yield, all test hybrids were on-par with the check hybrid CSH-15R (8400 kg/ha). 2. Initial and Advanced Varietal Trial (IAVT-Deep soil): In this trial of varieties under deep soil, 18 test varieties, 3 checks (CSV 22, CSV29R and M35-1) and a local check along with 2 hybrid checks (CSH13 and CSH15R) were evaluated for grain and fodder yield and other agronomic traits None of the test varieties were statistically superior to CSV22 for grain yield. Two varieties were significantly superior for their fodder yield. SPV 2468 and SPV 2538 gave 11.74% and 13.94% higher fodder yields respectively. Nine varieties matured significantly early and 6 had better grain size over check CSV22. Fodder yield in test varieties ranged from 8126 kg/ha (SPV 2548) to kg/ha (SPV 2538). Two test varieties, SPV2538 and SPV2468 were superior to CSV 22 (9195 kg/ha). The standard heterosis was more than 10% in these varieties Six varieties were significantly superior over CSV22 for their grain weight. The performance of the variety SPV2405 under deep soils over 3 years of testing indicated that the variety SPV2405 had no significant advantage over CSV22 3. Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid Trial (Shallow soil): In this trial of varieties and hybrids under shallow soil, 12 test varieties and 6 test hybrids along with 2 hybrids (CSH15R and CSH13) and 4 variety (M35-1, Phule Maulee, CSV26 and Phule Anuradha) checks were evaluated for grain and fodder yield and other agronomic traits. None of the test hybrids or varieties were found significantly better than the respective checks, CSH15R (hybrids) and CSV26 (varieties) for grain yield and fodder yield. Among hybrids, SPH 1903, SPH 1901, SPH 1835, SPH 1902 and test variety, SPV 2562 were better yielders under shallow soils. Two test varieties had better seed size over check CVS 26. Among hybrids, SPH 1903 (1535 kg/ha; % standard heterosis), SPH 1901 (1531 kg/ha; 25.59% standard heterosis), SPH 1835 (1430 kg/ha with 17.31% standard heterosis) and SPH 1902 (1342 kg/ha with 10.09% standard heterosis) were better grain yielders. Test variety, SPV 2562 (1615 kg/ha with 14.22% standard heterosis) was better yielder under shallow soils. The performance of the Hybrid SPH1835 under shallow soils over 3 years of testing in Rabi , and indicated that the hybrid gave 4% more grain yield and 3% more fodder yield over the check CSH15R. The performance of the Hybrid SPH1836 under shallow soils over 3 years of testing in Rabi , and indicated that the hybrid was inferior to check CSH15R by over 8% while its fodder yield was higher to check CSH15R by 14%. The performance of the variety SPV2348 under shallow soils over 3 years of testing indicated that the variety gave 12.5% more grain yield over the check CSV26. However, for fodder yield, SPV2348 gave 30% less fodder yield than CSV26. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 2 of 39

3 4. Parental Line Trial A combined (kharif & rabi) parental line trial consisting of 54 parents (26 A lines and 28 R lines) was conducted at three locations of Nandyal, Hagari and Parbhani (Parental line trial-summary Tables-Rabi). In general, parents of kharif and rabi hybrids of AHT and IHT tested showed good synchrony. Inter-Institutional trials: Three trails namely, IIHT-1 (33 hybrids), IIHT-2 (32 hybrids) and IIHT-3 (32 hybrids) were constituted with the contribution of entries from AIPSIP locations, and were evaluated at Parbhani, Rahuri, Solapur, Dharwad, Bijapur locations. In IIHT-1, None of the test hybrids were statistically significant over CSH15R. CMSR X DWR-2 (25%) and CMS x 4189 (15.28%) were numerically superior to CSH15R by over 10%. In IIHT-2, None of the test hybrids were significantly superior to CSH15R for grain yield. The best test hybrid, CMS R (1409 A) x VJR-104 yielded 2528 kg/ha grain yield as against 2418 kg/ha grain yield of CSH15R, and was superior by 4,14%. In IIHT-3, None of the test hybrids were significantly superior to CSH15R for grain yield. The best test hybrid, RMS A X RSR 1080 yielded 2454 kg/ha grain yield as against 2519 kg/ha grain yield of CSH15R. Rabi sorghum breeding at IIMR CRS 48, IC , CRS 60, and IC were tolerant while CRS 20, IC , IC , CRS 59, CSV 26, CRS 7, CRSDT6, Phule Suchitra CRSDT4 and Selection were moderately tolerant at all stages of crop growth for moisture stress. Early flowering, panicle emergence, peduncle length were few traits useful for breeding for terminal drought tolerance in rabi sorghum. Genotype (IC ) as resistant (<10%) and 5 genotypes (CRSDT12, CRSDT10, IC , CRS 7, CSV 26) as moderately Resistant (10 25%) were identified for charcoal resistance. Double cross hybrid DC-2;{(DSV5 Sel.3) (CSV216R CRS4)} exhibited highest level of heterosis for the traits like panicle weight (Mp=64.27%; Bp=45.99%), grain yield per plant (Mp=81.72%; Bp=56.76%), fodder yield per plant (Mp=71.15%; Bp=55.82%) and 100 seed weight (Mp=63.27%; Bp=60%, with a highest mean value of 6.0g) whereas other double cross DC-1; {(M35-1 CSV-29R) (Parbhani Moti CRS-20)} found superior for plant height, panicle exertion and panicle length. Around 50 landraces and 10 exotic lines were identified as promising germplasm. PVRL 16-5, PVRL16-10, TSLC-4, WASIM LOCAL-4, RSLG 2231, RSLG 2249, IS 17909, IS 17962, IS 18347, IS 18482, IS are some of the identified lines. Towards diversifying the rabi parental lines to introduce dwarf genes, crosses have been made between RS585 x C43, RS585 x CS3541, CSV-29R x C43, CSV-29 x 296B, 104B x 296B, RS585 x CSV17, M35-1 x CSV17, CSV261R x CSV17. Multi-location trials at three AICRP-Sorghum centers namely Vijayapura, Solapur and at IIMR, Hyderabad were conducted using BC3F4 progenies of CRS4 and RSLG262 in replicated trials in both moisture stress and no-stress conditions. Preliminary analysis of data from Solapur and Hyderabad centers indicate improvement in TE, water extraction ability, green area retention at maturity, grain and stover yields. The MAS lines evaluated in Lysimetry also reflected their field performance. The lines will be evaluated in the rabi season of for further confirmation and mass multiplication of selected lines for further adaptive trials in farmers fields. Rabi sorghum breeding at AICSIP centers 1. Rahuri In the state level trials under rainfed, SPH 2418 and RSV 1996 were found superior over the checks PKV Kranti and Parbhani Moti. Under state level irrigated trials, RSH 1366 and RSV 2025 were superior over CSH15R and Phule Revati. RSV 1910 for drought, RSV 1959 & RSV 2155 for shoot fly were promising. RSV 1910 under shallow soils, RSV 2121& RSV 1976 under medium soils and RSV 1945 & RSV 2104 under deep soils were superior over respective check varieties. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 3 of 39

4 A/B pair viz; 104 A/B, 1409 A/B, 185A/B, 479 A/B, A/B, A/B, A/B, 38 A/B, 42 A/B, 49 A/B, 1222 A/B and 4111 A/B were maintained. Nucleus, breeder and truthful seed production of 18 varieties of rabi sorghum was carried out. Trait specific material developed in different breeding generations 2. Parbhani 13 AB lines and 20 R lines maintained 11 varietal selections made and advanced 5 station trials conducted, and selections made 126 R lines and 104 B line progenies are in different generations of advancement. Trait specific material for drought, shoot fly are under different breeding generations 3. Tandur In the station trial, out of 11 entries tested SVT 55, SVT59 and SVT 68 were promising and out yielded the checks with respect to grain and fodder yields. Seed multiplication was carried out and the entry SVT 55 One hundred and fifty-one field day selections based on yield and grain quality obtained from IIMR, Hyderabad and ICRISAT in Rabi 2017 were evaluated to identify promising entries to be used in breeding programme. Promising Rabi adapted, drought adapted advanced breeding entries suitable to the region were identified in the physiology trials. The station breeding programme consisted of segregating material of 148 crosses and a total of 966 single plant selections made in different generations (F2-F6) based on plant type, ear head characteristics, grain quality and duration. 4. Vijayapura (Bijapur) High yielding variety: The centre has developed high grain and fodder yielding variety BJV 44 (notified by CVRC in 2017) suitable for deep soils with sufficient moisture content. It is recommended for cultivation in Zone 3 and zone 8 of Karnataka. The grain and fodder yield is high and also resistant to charcoal rot and shoot fly. Specialty sorghum: Developed three speciality type varieties of Rabi sorghum and released at state level during 2016 which are suitable for value addition viz., AKJ-1 (for flaking), SMJ-1 (for hurda/seethani: roasted tender grains) and KMJ-1 (for popping). (Note: These varieties have been notified by CVRC in 2017). Parental line development: Ten new B lines on milo with near Maldandi grain features are developed and are in advanced stage of conversion. Six new A/B pair lines on maldandi source of cytoplasm are developed. Two stable restorers on maldandi are developed. Ten restorers on milo source are developed. Six promising derivatives of R354 for shoot fly resistance were developed through MAS. Seed production: Nucleus seed production of 6 varieties viz., M-35-1, CSV 29R, BJV-44, AKJ-1, KMJ-1, SMJ-1 was undertaken 5. Gulbarga Station trial found GS-23, GS-17-9 promising compared to CSV-22 and M35-1. MLVT rabi trial was conducted and found one entry RARSV-1015 superior to existing check CSV-22 and M35-1. GS-23 completed 2 nd year of farm trial having high grain & fodder yield, better grain & roti quality, high protein content than M-35-1, tolerant to charcoal rot disease and resistant rust disease is under state release proposal. Mutation breeding carried out to develop non-lodging sorghum lines. A total of 315 single plant selections in 16 lines for non-lodging. A total 9 back crosses were carried out for glossiness and trichome QTL introgression into GS23, GRS1, GS15-10 recurrent parents. B line improvement for earliness, shoot fly resistance, terminal drought tolerance, high TE and low VPD, high water extraction ability, stay-green trait undertaken. For grain and fodder yield, F1 to F6 generation of 62 crosses were evaluated and 344 families were selected. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 4 of 39

5 6. Dharwad Station varietal trial-i: Among 14 entries evaluated, SVD-1352 and SVD-1357 were superior to M35-1. Station varietal trial-ii: Of the 14 tested entries, SPV-2217, SPV-2217, SVD-1365 and SVD-1368 were superior. Station varietal trial-iii: Among 14 entries evaluated, SVD-1264 better over M35-1. Station hybrid trial-i: Among 14 entries, SHD-104R and SHD-105R were superior over M35-1, SPV Station hybrid trial- II: of the 14 entries tested, SHD-112R and SHD-114R were superior over M 35-1, SPV-2217 Station hybrid trial- III: Of the 14 entries tested, SHD-120R, SHD-77R, SHD-82R and SHD-121R over M35-1, SPV A/B lines and 34 restorers maintained, and 56 varietal selections made. In various breeding generations of 356 crosses, 851 selections were made for various agronomic and quality traits. 7. Akola In restorer development programme, 35 selections under F9 generation, 56 individual plant selections under F2 generation were planted. In B line development programme, 7 selections under F11 generation. Under MS line development programme, total 168 BC pairs were planted. In breeding for special trait that is for hurda (parching) sorghum, among 9 crosses in F2 generation, total 132 individual plant selections were planted. In mutation breeding programme for development of hurda (parching) sorghum, total 738 individual plant selections were planted among the three genotypes in M3-M4 generation. Two station hybrid/varietal trials and two AICSIP trials were conducted successfully. During Rabi 2017, the maintenance of A, B, R lines, experimental hybridization programme and varietal selection programme was carried out. 8. Surat In Large Scale Varietal Trial on Rabi Sorghum, SR-2896, SR-2898, SR-833-2, SPV-1835, Parbhani Moti, RSV 1006, CRS-13 were superior over BP-53, NIZER GOTI, CSV-216R(NC), CSV-22, CSV 29R. Small Scale Varietal Trial on Rabi Sorghum, SR-2993, SPV-2227, SR-2872, SPV-1794, SPV-1709 were identified as promising. Preliminary Evaluation Trial on Rabi Sorghum, SR-2989, SR-2882, SR-2917, SR-2981, SR-2992, SPV were promising. Maintained 51 A/B sets and 57 R lines. 75 MS based crosses made. 142 state rabi germplasm maintained. Publications: Twenty-seven research publications, 1 technical bulletins, 1 popular article, 8 posters, 5 abstracts and 4 folders on rabi grain sorghum have been published during the period. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 5 of 39

6 S. No All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum, Hyderabad Detailed report Multi-location AICSIP trials During the year , following 4 multi-location yield trials were conducted. 1. Initial and Advanced Hybrid Trial (Deep soil) 2. Initial and Advanced Varietal Trial (Deep soil) 3. Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid Trial (Shallow soil). 4. Parental line trial 1. Initial and Advanced Hybrid Trial-IAHT (Deep soil) In this combined trial of initial and advanced hybrids trials under deep soil, 6 hybrids along with 2 hybrid checks (CSH15R and CSH13), 3 varietal checks (CSV22, CSV29 and M35-1) and a local check were evaluated for grain yield, fodder yield and other agronomic traits (Table 1). Days to flowering The new hybrids ranged for flowering time from days. All hybrids were on par with CSH15R for flowering. Plant height The range of plant height of hybrid was from 199 to 236 cm. Grain Yield The grain yield in test hybrids ranged from 2501 kg/ha (SPH 1899) to 3021 kg/ha (SPH 1863). None of the test hybrids were statistically superior to the check, CSH15R, which yielded 2707 kg/ha. Three test hybrids namely SPH1863 (11.58%), SPH1864 (10.02%) and SPH1897 (9.49%) were numerically superior over CSH15R. Fodder yield All test hybrids were on-par with the check hybrid CSH-15R (8400 kg/ha). Grain size All but one test hybrids were on-par with check CSH15R (3.29). Hybrid SPH1863 with 3.53 g was significantly superior to test weight of CSH15R. Remarks No test hybrid did show superiority which is statistically significant over the check CSH15R for grain yield and Fodder yields. Table 1: Performance of hybrids in All India IAHT - Deep Soil: Rabi Entry Pedigree Centre Level of Testing GY R % over check* FY R % over check* DTF DTM PH GW 1 SPH A x RSV 1006 Rahuri AHT I SPH 1864 RMS 16A x RSV 1098 Rahuri AHT I SPH A x RSV 1822 Rahuri IHT SPH1897 PMS-104A x PR 108 Parbha IHT SPH1898 AKR-47A x SVD1272 Dharwa IHT SPH1899 AKRMS-66-2-A x AKRB 568 Akola IHT CSH 13 Check CSH 15R Check CSV 22 Check CSV 29R Check Local Check Check M35-1 Check General CV (%) SE of Diff P-Value CD (5%) CD (1%) Note: R - Ranking; GY - Grain yield (kg/ha); FY - Fodder yield (kg/ha); DTF - Days to flowering; DTM - Days to maturity; PH - Plant height (cm); GW Grain weight (g); Local check varied from location to location. *Percent over CSH 15R. Underlined and Bold Statistically significant at 5% over CSH15R. 2. Initial and Advanced Varietal Trial-IAVT (Deep soil) In this trial of varieties under deep soil, 18 test varieties, 3 checks (CSV 22, CSV29R and M35-1), a local check along with 2 hybrid checks (CSH13 and CSH15R) were evaluated for grain and fodder yield and other agronomic traits (Table 1). Days to flowering The varieties ranged from 69 to 77 days and 9 test varieties were statistically early compared to the check variety, CSV22. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 6 of 39

7 S. No All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum, Hyderabad Plant height The range of plant height of varieties was from 203 to 249 cm, and 4 varieties were significantly tall over CSV22. Grain Yield None of the varieties were superior to check variety CSV 22, which yielded 2968 kg/ha. The range for grain yield test varieties was from 2445 kg/ha (SPV 2550) to 3135 kg/ha (SPV 2468). The standard heterosis of SPV 2468 over CSV22 was less (5.63%) and was not significant. Fodder yield: Fodder yield in test varieties ranged from 7917 kg/ha (SPV 2548) to kg/ha (SPV 2538). Grain size All test varieties were bold seeded with grain weight of > 3g. Six varieties were significantly superior over CSV22 for their grain weight. Remarks None of the test varieties were statistically superior to CSV22 for grain yield. Two varieties were significantly superior for their fodder yield. SPV 2468 and SPV 2538 gave 11.74% and 13.94% higher fodder yields respectively. Nine varieties matured significantly early and 6 had better grain size over check CSV22. Table 1: Performance of varieties in All India IAVT Deep Soil: Rabi Entry Pedigree Centre Level of Testing GY R % over check* FY R % over check* DTF DTM PH GW 1 SPV2405 RS 585 x CSV 14R Dharwad AVT II SPV2468 (296Bx 1409B) x (104B x SPV 216R) Dharwad AVT I SPV2536 MSV 23 x RSV Rahuri IVT SPV2537 RSV 1006 x RSV Rahuri IVT SPV2538 JP gy-M5-selection Gulberga IVT SPV2539 IS26779(sel) x M Gulberga IVT SPV2540 Selection from Elangovan-239 Akola IVT SPV2541 (SPV 1380 x Ringni x M 35-1)-8-2 Akola IVT SPV2542 (SPV 1589 x SPV 1595)-2-1 Parbhani IVT SPV2543 (P.Moti x SPV 1672)-2 Parbhani IVT SPV2544 SPV-2217 X CSV 18 Dharwad IVT SPV2545 CSV18 X SPV 2334 Dharwad IVT SPV2546 Swati x RR 06-6 Solapur IVT SPV2547 CSV 216R x Swati Solapur IVT SPV2548 (CSV216R x 104B) x (GM x 401B) Bijapur IVT SPV2549 BRJ 356 x SLB 8 Bijapur IVT SPV2550 M35-1x SPV1359 Tandur IVT SPV2551 PV 15 x CSV 216R Tandur IVT CSH 13 Check CSH 15R Check CSV 22 Check CSV 29R Check Local Check Ch M35-1 k Check Gen. Mean CV (%) SE of Diff P-Value CD (5%) CD (1%) Note: R - Ranking; GY - Grain yield (kg/ha); FY - Fodder yield (kg/ha); DTF - Days to flowering; DTM Days to maturity; PH - Plant height (cm); GW Grain weight (g); Local check varied from location to location. *Percent over CSV22 for varieties. Underlined and Bold Statistically significant at 5% over CSV22. The performance of the Variety SPV2405 under deep soils over 3 years of testing in Rabi , and (Table 1A) indicated that the variety SPV2405 (2909 kg/ha) gave 4 % more grain yield over the check CSV 22 (2778 kg/ha). For fodder yield, the variety SPV2405 (8214 kg/ha) gave 4 % more fodder yield than the check CSV22 (7850 kg/ha). Thus, there is no significant advantage of SPV2405 over CSV22. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 7 of 39

8 Table 1A: Performance of Variety over 3 years in IVT ( ) and AVHT-Deep soil ( & ) % over % over S Centre Grain yield (kg/ha) Fodder yield (kg/ha) Entry CSV 22 CSV 22 No Mean Mean 1 SPV 2405 Dharwad CSV 22 (Check) MPKV Rahuri Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrids trial-iavht (Shallow soils) In this trial of varieties and hybrids under shallow soil, 12 test varieties and 6 test hybrids along with 2 hybrids (CSH15R and CSH13) and 4 variety (M35-1, Phule Maulee, CSV26 and Phule Anuradha) checks were evaluated for grain and fodder yield and other agronomic traits (Table 1). Days to flowering The hybrids and varieties ranged in their flowering time from 70 to 73 and 68 to 77 days respectively. All hybrids were on par with the CSH 15R while two test varieties (SPV 2560 and SPV 2561) were early to check, CSV26. Plant height The range of plant height of varieties and hybrids was from 119 to 164 cm. Grain Yield None of the hybrids and varieties were superior to respective checks, hybrid CSH-15R and variety CSV26. Among hybrids, SPH 1903 (1535 kg/ha; % standard heterosis), SPH 1901 (1531 kg/ha; 25.59% standard heterosis), SPH 1835 (1430 kg/ha with 17.31% standard heterosis) and SPH 1902 (1342 kg/ha with 10.09% standard heterosis) were better grain yielders. Test variety, SPV 2562 (1615 kg/ha with 14.22% standard heterosis) was better yielder under shallow soils. Fodder yield: None of the test entries were superior over their respective checks. Check variety, CSV26 gave maximum fodder yield and none of the test hybrids or varieties could surpass it. Grain size Most of the hybrids and varieties had test grain weight less than 3 g. Check Phule Anuradha had highest grain weight of 2.78 g. Remarks None of the test hybrids or varieties were found significantly better than the respective checks, CSH15R (hybrids) and CSV26 (varieties) for grain yield and fodder yield. Among hybrids, SPH 1903, SPH 1901, SPH 1835, SPH 1902 and test variety, SPV 2562 were better yielders under shallow soils. Two test varieties had better seed size over check CVS 26. Table 1: Performance of hybrids & varieties in All India IAVHT Shallow Soil: Rabi S. Entry Pedigree Centre Level of GY R % over FY R % over DT PH GW No Testing check* check* F Hybrids 1 SPH A x RSV 1098 Rahuri AHT II SPH 1836 RMS A X RSV 1151 Rahuri AHT II SPH1900 AKRMS-66-2A x AKRB 569 Akola IHT SPH1901 AKRMS-66-2A x AKRB 570 Akola IHT SPH A x RSV 1945 Rahuri IHT SPH A x PR 106 Parbha IHT CSH 13 Check i CSH 15R Check Varieties 1 SPV 2348 (RS 29 x NR 486) x NR 486 IIMR AVT II SPV2552 RSV 1006 x RSV Rahuri IVT SPV2553 RSV 1006 x RSV Rahuri IVT SPV2554 Chincholli-2 x EP 81 Gulberg IVT SPV2555 IS 26779(Sel) x M (E) Gulberg IVT SPV2556 (P.Moti x AKSV-13R)-12-1 Akola IVT SPV2557 (SPV 504 x AKR 354)-3-2 Akola IVT SPV2558 (PKV Kranthi x CR 59) Parbha IVT SPV2559 (PVR 453 x CRS9) Parbha i IVT SPV2560 RS 585 x M35-1 Solapur i IVT SPV2561 Phule Anuradha x CRS 7 Solapur IVT SPV2562 (CSV216R x 401B x 401B x CSV216R) Bijapur IVT CSV 26 Check M35-1 Check Phule Anuradha Check Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 8 of 39

9 S. No Entry Pedigree Centre Level of Testing GY R % over check* FY R % over check* DT F PH GW 16 Phule Maulee Check General Mean CV(%) SE of Diff P-Value CD(5%) CD(1%) Note: R - Ranking; GY - Grain yield (kg/ha); FY - Fodder yield (kg/ha); DTF - Days to flowering; PH - Plant height (cm); GW Grain weight (g); Local check varied from location to location. *Percent over CSV26 for varieties and CSH15R for hybrids. Underlined and Bold Statistically significant at 5% over respective checks. SPH1835: The performance of the Hybrid SPH1835 under shallow soils over 3 years of testing in Rabi , and (Table 1A) indicated that the hybrid gave 4% more grain yield and 3% more fodder yield over the check CSH15R. Table 1A: Performance of variety over 3 years in IHT ( ) and AHT-Shallow soil ( and ) % over % over S Centre Grain yield (kg/ha) Fodder yield (kg/ha) Entry CSH15R CSH15R No Mean Mean 1 SPH1835 Rahuri CSH15R SPH1836: The performance of the Hybrid SPH1836 under shallow soils over 3 years of testing in Rabi , and (Table 2A) indicated that the hybrid was inferior to check CSH15R by over 8% while its fodder yield was higher to check CSH15R by 14%. Table 2A: Performance of variety over 3 years in IHT ( ) & AHT-Shallow soil ( & ) % over % over S Centre Grain yield (kg/ha) Fodder yield (kg/ha) Entry CSH15R CSH15R No Mean Mean 1 SPH1836 Rahuri CSH15R SPV2348: The performance of the variety SPV2348 under shallow soils over 3 years of testing in Rabi , and (Table 1A) indicated that the variety gave 12.5% more grain yield over the check CSV26. However, for fodder yield, SPV2348 gave 30% less fodder yield than CSV26. Table 1A: Performance of variety over 3 years in IVT ( ) & AVT-Shallow soil ( & ) % over % over S Centre Grain yield (kg/ha) Fodder yield (kg/ha) Entry CSV26 CSV26 No Mean Mean 1 SPV2348 IIMR CSV Parental line trial: A combined (kharif & rabi) parental line trial consisting of 54 parents (26 A lines and 28 R lines) was conducted at three locations of Nandyal, Hagari and Parbhani (Parental line trial-summary Tables-Rabi). In general, parents of kharif and rabi hybrids of AHT and IHT tested showed good synchrony. 5. Inter-institutional trials: a) IIHT 1 During rabi , 27 experimental hybrids (2 from Bijapur, 6 from Dharwad, 10 from Rahuri, 5 from Parbhani, 4 from Akola) along with one hybrid check (CSH15R) and five varietal checks (M35-1, CSV216R, CSV26, CSV22R an CSV29R) were tested at Parbhani, Rahuri, Solapur, Dharwad and Bijapur. The results are summarized below. Days to flowering and maturity Flowering time ranged from days among the test hybrids. The test hybrids matured in 107 to 115 days. The check CSH15R flowered in 64 days while it matured in 109 days. Two test hybrids were early to CSH15R. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 9 of 39

10 S. No All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum, Hyderabad Plant height Plant height ranged from 146 to 223 cm in test hybrids against the height of 204 cm in Check CSH15R. Grain yield None of the test hybrids were statistically significant over CSH15R. CMSR X DWR- 2 (25%) and CMS X 4189 (15.28%) were numerically superior to CSH15R by over 10%. Fodder yield None of the check hybrids were significantly better than the hybrid check CSH15R. The range in fodder yield among test hybrids was from 5116 kg/ha (CMS R (SB 401A) x VJR-101) to 7541 kg/ha (CMSR x DWR-2) against the check hybrid value of 6263 kg/ha. Over 9 hybrids showed over 10% superiority over CSH15R. Grain size None of the test hybrids were significantly better for grain size over CSH15R. Maximum grain size was recorded in CMS R x RSR 1072 (3.66 g/100 seeds) and lowest in CMS x 4046 (3.0 g/100 seeds). The check, CSH 15R recorded 3.31 g/100 seeds Remarks None of the test hybrids could significantly out yield CSH15R for grain and fodder yields. Two hybrids for grain yield and 9 hybrids for fodder yield were better by over 10%. Table 1. Summary of experimental hybrids in Inter-Institutional Hybrid Trial 1: Rabi Pedigree Center GY R %over Check FY R %over Check DTF DTM PH GW 1 CMS R (SB 401A) x VJR-101 Bijapur CMS R (SB 401A) x VJR-109 Bijapur CMSR X DWR-1 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-2 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-1 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-2 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-3 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-2 Dharwad CMS R X RSR 1071 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1068 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1073 Rahuri CMS R X Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1074 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1072 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1083 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1084 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1078 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1076 Rahuri CMS X ENT 4 Parbhani CMS X Parbhani CMS X 4046 Parbhani CMS X Parbhani CMS X 4189 Parbhani CMS-R x AKR 517 Akola CMS-R x AKR Akola CMS-R x AKR 456 Akola CMS-R x AKR 533 Akola M35-1 Check CSV216R Check CSV22 Check CSV26 Check CSV29 Check CSH15R Check LOC. MEAN C.D. (5%) C.D. (1%) C.V. (%) F (Probability) Note: R - Ranking; GY - Grain Yield (kg/ha); FY - Fodder Yield (kg/ha); DTF - Days to flowering; DTM - Days to maturity; PH - Plant height (cm); GW grain weight (g); *Percent over CSH 15R. Underlined and Bold Statistically significant at 5% over CSH15R. b) IIHT 2 In this trial of IIHT 2 during rabi , 26 experimental hybrids along with hybrid check (CSH15R) and five (M35-1, CSV22R, CSV216R, CSV26 and CSV29R) varietal checks were tested. The results are summarized below. Days to flowering and maturity Flowering time ranged from days among the test hybrids. The test hybrids matured in 108 to 113 days. The check CSH15R flowered in 65 days while it matured in 109 days. No test hybrid was early to CSH15R in flowering and maturity. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 10 of 39

11 Plant height Plant height ranged from 152 to 207 cm in test hybrids against the height of 197 cm in Check CSH15R. Grain yield None of the test hybrids were significantly superior to CSH15R for grain yield. The best test hybrid, CMS R (1409 A) x VJR-104 yielded 2528 kg/ha grain yield as against 2418 kg/ha grain yield of CSH15R, and was superior by 4,14%. Fodder yield None of the check hybrids were significantly better than the hybrid check CSH15R. One hybrid, CMS R X RSV 1060 (10150 kg/ha) out yielded CSH5R by 17.98%. Grain size Six test hybrids were significantly better for grain size over CSH15R. Maximum grain size was recorded in CMSR X DWR-3 (3.76 g/100 seeds) and lowest in CMS-R x AKR 550 (2.92 g/100 seeds). The check, CSH 15R recorded 3.41 g/100 seeds Remarks None of the test hybrids were statistically superior to check CSH 15R for grain and fodder yield. Table 2. Summary of experimental hybrids in Inter-Institutional Hybrid Trial 2: Rabi S. No Hybrid Center GY R %over Check FY R %over Check DTF DTM PH GW 1 CMS R (SLA 45) x VJR-106 Bijapur CMS R (1409 A) x VJR-104 Bijapur CMSR X DWR-3 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-2 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-3 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-1 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-4 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-2 Dharwad CMS R X RSR 1077 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1087 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1079 Rahuri CMS R X RSV 1060 Rahuri CMS R X RSR 1069 Rahuri A X RSV 2068 Rahuri A X SPV 2418 Rahuri A X RSV 1945 Rahuri A X RSV 2106 Rahuri CMS X 2043 Parbhani CMS X 2043 Parbhani CMS X 2036 Parbhani CMS X Parbhani CMS X 2036 Parbhani CMS X 9091 Parbhani CMS-R x AKR 549 Akola CMS-R x AKR 550 Akola CMS-R x AKR 554 Akola M35-1 Check CSV216R Check CSV22 Check CSV26 Check CSV29 Check CSH15R Check LOC. MEAN C.D. (5%) C.D. (1%) C.V. (%) F (Probability) Note: R - Ranking; GY - Grain Yield (kg/ha); FY - Fodder Yield (kg/ha); DTF - Days to flowering; DTM - Days to maturity; PH - Plant height (cm); GW grain weight (g); *Percent over CSH 15R. Underlined and Bold Statistically significant at 5% over CSH15R. c) IIHT 3 In this trial of IIHT 3 during rabi , 26 experimental hybrids along with hybrid check (CSH15R) and five (M35-1, CSV22R, CSV216R, CSV26 and CSV29R) varietal checks were tested. The results are summarized below. Days to flowering and maturity Flowering time ranged from days among the test hybrids. The test hybrids matured in 108 to 115 days. The check CSH15R flowered in 67 days while it matured in 112 days. Eight test hybrids were early to flower and 5 hybrids were early to mature than CSH15R. Plant height Plant height ranged from 159 to 209 cm in test hybrids against the height of 200 cm in Check CSH15R. 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 11 of 39

12 Grain yield None of the test hybrids were significantly superior to CSH15R for grain yield. The best test hybrid, RMS A X RSR 1080 yielded 2454 kg/ha grain yield as against 2519 kg/ha grain yield of CSH15R. Fodder yield None of the check hybrids were significantly better than the hybrid check CSH15R. One hybrid, 104 A X RSV 1887 (9859 kg/ha) out yielded CSH5R by 10.63%. Grain size No test hybrids was significantly better for grain size over CSH15R. Remarks None of the test hybrids were statistically superior to check CSH 15R for grain and fodder yield. Table 3. Summary of experimental hybrids in Inter-Institutional Hybrid Trial 3: Rabi S. No Hybrid Center GY R %over Check FY R %over Check DTF DTM PH GW 1 CMS R (1409 A) x VJR-105 Bijapur CMS R (1409 A) x VJR-112 Bijapur CMSR X DWR-2 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-3 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-2 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-3 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-2 Dharwad CMSR X DWR-3 Dharwad A X RSV 1960 Rahuri A X RSV 1887 Rahuri A X RSV 2145 Rahuri A X RSV 1905 Rahuri RMS A X RSV 1910 Rahuri RMS A X RSR 1083 Rahuri RMS A X RSR 1080 Rahuri RMS A X RSV 2062 Rahuri RMS A X RSV 1822 Rahuri CMS X Parbhani CMS X Parbhani CMS X 2043 Parbhani CMS X ENT 5 Parbhani CMS X Parbhani CMS X Parbhani CMS-R x AKR 524 Akola CMS-R x AKR 553 Akola CMS-R x AKR 524 Akola M35-1 Check CSV216R Check CSV22 Check CSV26 Check CSV29 Check CSH15R Check LOC. MEAN C.D. (5%) C.D. (1%) C.V. (%) F (Probability) Note: R - Ranking; GY - Grain Yield (kg/ha); FY - Fodder Yield (kg/ha); DTF - Days to flowering; DTM - Days to maturity; PH - Plant height (cm); GW grain weight (g); *Percent over CSH 15R. Underlined and Bold Statistically significant at 5% over CSH15R. Rabi Sorghum breeding at IIMR 1. Development of improved rabi sorghum varieties with high yield, drought tolerance and charcoal rot resistance (MY Samdur) Breeding for varieties with drought tolerance under rainfed / soil moisture situations (shallow-medium and deep soils and under irrigated condition) is a high priority to improve productivity in large drought prone area of India. Twenty-five genotypes were evaluated along with four checks viz., M35-1, Phule Anuradha, CSV 22, and CSV 26 during post-rainy season under three water regimes at Centre on Rabi Sorghum farm, Solapur, Maharashtra, India (1. Well watered -irrigated throughout the crop season, 2. Limited water stressed i.e irrigated till GS2 growth stage (stress at flowering phase DAS) and 3. Severe water stressed i.e. irrigated till GS1 growth stage (stress at vegetative stage DAS). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. Plot size was 3 rows of 3m length for each genotypes and spacing 45x15cm. Drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes were categorized on the basis of Weighted Geometric Mean Index (WGMI). To calculate WGMI, different weights were given to the treatments according to experimental mean yield difference 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 12 of 39

13 between severe drought stress (yield under GS1 environment) and well watered (non-drought stress) environment. The experimental mean grain yield under GS1, GS2 and well watered conditions were 5.69, and q/ha, respectively hence weights 5.03, 3.47, and 1 were given to these treatments to make yield in all environments in equal proportion. The experimental mean fodder yield under GS1, GS2 and well watered conditions were 48.63, 56.59, and q/ha, respectively hence weights 1.28, 1.16, and 1 were given to these treatments. Genotypes having higher WGMI than summation of mean WGMI and standard deviation of WGMI were categorized as tolerant, higher than mean WGMI as moderately tolerant and lower than mean WGMI as susceptible. W log X Weighted Geometric Mean Index (WGMI)=Antilog W=weight and X = variable W A) Identification of drought stress tolerant genotypes For grain yield (q/ha) based on these criteria genotypes under GS1 environment CRSDT10, CRSDT3, CRSDT4, and CRS 58 were categorized as drought stress tolerant and CRS 57, CRS 52, Phule Anuradha, CRS 7, M35-1 and CRSDT 7, as moderately tolerant. Under GS2 environment genotypes CRSDT4, CRS 60, Selection 3, Phule Suchitra and CRS 58 as tolerant and IC , CRSDT5, CRS 52, CRSDT12, IC , M35-1, CRSDT3, and CRSDT8 as moderately tolerant. For all three (GS 1, GS 2 and well-watered) environments CRSDT 4, CRSDT3, CRS 58, CRSDT10 and CRS 52 were found to be tolerant and CRS 57, CRS 7, Phule Anuradha, Phule Suchitra, M35-1, Selection 3, CRSDT12, CRSDT7, and IC found to be moderately tolerant (Table 1). For fodder yield Under GS1 environment for fodder yield CRS 48, IC , IC and CRS 60 as drought stress tolerant and CRS 20, IC , IC , CRS 59, CRS 7, CSV 26, CRSDT6, Selection 3, CRSDT4 and Phule Suchitra as moderately tolerant. Under GS 2 environment CRS 20, CRS 60, IC , and CRS 48 as tolerant and IC , IC , IC , Phule Suchitra, CRS 59, CSV 26, CRSDT4, CRSDT12, Selection 3, CRSDT6, and CRS 7 categorized as moderately drought stress tolerant. For all three (GS 1, GS 2 and well watered) environments CRS 48, IC , CRS 60, and IC tolerant and CRS 20, IC , IC , CRS 59, CSV 26, CRS 7, CRSDT6, Phule Suchitra CRSDT4 and Selection 3 moderately tolerant (Table 2). Table 1: Grain yield (q/ha) GS1, GS2 growth stages, well watered environments, weighted geometric mean indices (WGMI) for GS1, GS2 and well watered environments, DSSI, GS1 and GS2 for growth stages of rabi sorghum genotypes ( ) Genotypes GS1 GS2 WW WGMI (GS WGMI (GS 2) WGMI DSSI DSSI (GS2) CRSDT CRSDT CRSDT CRSDT CRSDT CRSDT CRS CRSDT CRSDT CRS CRS CRS CRS IC IC IC IC CRS CRS CRS Selection M CSV Phule Suchitra Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 13 of 39

14 Genotypes GS1 GS2 WW WGMI (GS WGMI (GS 2) WGMI DSSI DSSI (GS2) Phule Mean SD (σ) CD P=0.05 P=0.01 Main Sub Main x Sub Table 2: Fodder yield (q/ha) GS1, GS2 growth stages, well watered environments, weighted geometric mean indices (WGMI) for GS1, GS2 and well watered environments DSSI for GS1and, GS2 growth stages of rabi sorghum genotypes ( ) Genotypes GS1 GS2 WW WGMI (GS WGMI (GS WGMI DSSI (GS1) DSSI (GS2) CRSDT CRSDT CRSDT CRSDT CRSDT CRSDT CRS CRSDT CRSDT CRS CRS CRS CRS IC IC IC IC CRS CRS CRS Selection M CSV Phule Suchitra Phule Anuradha Mean SD (σ) CD P=0.05 P=0.01 Main Sub Main x Sub B) Identification of drought stress tolerant traits: Correlations between peduncle length (cm) and days to flowering were negative under all environments but was negative and significant under GS1 environment (r=- 0.79**, -0.34, for GS1, GS2 and non-drought environments respectively) indicating higher peduncle length earlier the flowering. Under low soil moisture condition early flowering is helpful to escape from drought condition or it can impart drought tolerance as plant can complete life cycle within available soil moisture. Hence long peduncle length traits may be selected as agronomic traits in breeding for drought tolerance. Correlations between grain yield and per cent panicle emergence was positive and significant (r-0.45*) under GS1 environment hence panicle emergence is also important character for drought stress tolerance. C) Charcoal rot resistance Charcoal rot incidence: Charcoal rot incidence varied significantly amongst genotypes under 0 and 4 irrigation schedules and also when data of 3 irrigation schedules was pooled. Charcoal rot incidence was maximum and varied significantly amongst genotypes under the treatment of 4 irrigation schedule and it ranged 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 14 of 39

15 between 8.89 % (IC ) to 57.77% (CRS 58). CR Incidence was <10% in only one genotype (IC ), > % in 4 genotypes, % in 13 genotypes and > 40.0% in remaining 7 genotypes. Charcoal rot Index (CRI): CR Index was derived by taking into consideration the CR incidence, mean number of nodes crossed (MNC) and mean lesion size (MLS) of the pathogen. Results depicted in Table 2 revealed that CRI varied significantly under all the three irrigation schedules and was maximum ( ) in treatment under 4 irrigation levels. Based on CRI values under the 4 irrigation treatment, 25 genotypes could be grouped as follows: 1. Resistant ( CRI < 10.0) : 1 genotype (IC ) 2. Moderately Resistant ( > ) : 5 genotypes (CRSDT12, CRSDT10, IC , CRS 7, CSV 26) 3. Susceptible ( > ) : 14 genotypes Table 3: Comparison of Weighted Geometric Mean Index (WGMI) and Drought stress Susceptible Index (DSSI) WGMI WGMI=Antilog( W logx/ W) Higher WGMI related to drought tolerant Useful to identify drought tolerant and stable genotypes under more than two environments Only Drought stress tolerant and high yielding genotypes will be selected and no chance exit to select poor yielding genotypes. DSSI DSSI=(1-(Ys/Yp))/(1-(Y s/y p)) Lower DSI related to drought tolerant It is based on two environments only Drought stress tolerant genotypes may or may not be high yielder and chances of selection of poor yielding genotypes exist. Fig1: Drought stress tolerant and susceptible genotypes from higher WGMI to lower WGMI 2. Development of multi-genotype varieties (MAGIC lines) for genetic diversification and enhancing yield stability in Rabi sorghum (Parashuram Patroti) Evaluation of Inter-Mated Double cross derivatives and Selection of superior transgressive segregants: (Generated from Strategy-I) 25 Inter-mated Double Cross derivatives generated from inter-mating between two double cross populations in last Rabi season were evaluated along with three checks viz., M35-1, CSV29R and CSV26R in a Randomized Block Design with two replications during Rabi Important rabi adaptive traits and physiological parameters related to drought were considered in identifying and advancement of desirable and superior transgressive segregants whose performance surpassing the check values. The lines viz., IDC-16, IDC-7, IDC- 15, IDC-2 and IDC-9 found superior over the checks in terms of yield related parameters (grain, fodder yield and 100 seed weight) and physiological traits such as SCMR, Relative Water Content, Leaf temperature difference and Specific Weight (Table 1). In previous study where Double and single crosses along with their parents were evaluated in Randomized Block Design in two replications and the mean values were used to estimate the magnitude of heterosis for yield and its attributing traits over mid-parent and better parent. Results revealed that there are significant differences 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 15 of 39

16 for most of the traits and double cross hybrids were better in their performance over single cross hybrids. One of the double cross hybrid DC-2;{(DSV5 Sel.3) (CSV216R CRS4)} exhibited highest level of heterosis for the traits like panicle weight (Mp=64.27%; Bp=45.99%), grain yield per plant (Mp=81.72%; Bp=56.76%), fodder yield per plant (Mp=71.15%; Bp=55.82%) and 100 seed weight (Mp=63.27%; Bp=60%, with a highest mean value of 6.0g) whereas other double cross DC-1; {(M35-1 CSV-29R) (Parbhani Moti CRS-20)}found superior for plant height, panicle exertion and panicle length. Even though two single cross hybrids viz., CSV216R CRS4 and Parbhani Moti CRS20 showed good levels of heterosis for Panicle exertion, panicle length, grain yield and fodder yield but the values are less than double cross hybrids (Table 2). So study indicated that an additional round hybridization involving more parents may be of much rewarding in diversifying the genetic base of breeding populations and realizing fair amount of heterosis in post rainy situation than that of bi-parental matings. Table 1. Mean performance of Inter-mated Double Cross derivatives for different rabi adaptive traits in Post rainy sorghum Identity DF Ped L PE (cm) PL(cm) PW(cm) GYP(g) FYP(g) 100 SW(g) SCMR LTD RWC (%) IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC IDC M CSV26R CVS29R Mean SED CD@5% CV Inter-mating between double crosses (Generated from Strategy-II): Around 50 Double crosses were inter-mated considering set I (25 DC individuals) as female group and Set II (25 DC individuals) as male group. The bulk of pollen collected from male group was pollinated with individual female plants. Thus 20 such crossed panicles were harvested during Rabi IDENTITY DF PH (cm) PE(cm) PL (cm) MP BP MP BP MP BP MP BP Single cross M35-1 CSV-29R Parbhani Moti CRS DSV 5 Sel ## ## Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 16 of 39

17 ## ## CSV-216R CRS-4 Double cross {(M35-1 CSV-29R) (Parbhani Moti CRS-20)} {(DSV 5 Sel. 3) (CSV-216R CRS-4)} IDENTITY PW(g) GYP (g) FYP(g) 100 SW (g) MP BP MP BP MP BP MP BP Single Cross M35-1 CSV-29R Parbhani Moti CRS DSV 5 Sel CSV-216R CRS Double cross {(M35-1 CSV-29R) (Parbhani Moti CRS-20)} {(DSV 5 Sel. 3) (CSV-216R CRS-4)} ## ## 2. Selection and Advancement of F 2, F 3 and F 6 s segregating populations: F2s: 49, F 3s: 4 Different populations (F 3 I : 85; F 3-II : 5; F 3-III : 5 & F 3-IV : 90) and F 6s: 36 were raised and individual plant selections for important rabi adaptive traits was made and selected lines are further advanced. 125 individual F 2 plant selections, 86 individual F 3 plant selections were made following >20 cm panicle length, days to flowering, cm plant height criteria. These entries are further advanced through pedigree selection to isolate better genotypes. 3. Multiplication and Evaluation of Landraces and exotic lines: 203 landraces and 70 exotic lines along with Rabi check varieties were evaluated in an Augmented Design with two replications. This was the second year evaluation and based on pooled analysis of two year data, few stable early, medium tall, high grain & fodder yield, bold seeded types were identified which can be utilized in hybridization programme in near future. Around 50 landraces and 10 exotic lines were identified as promising germplasm. PVRL 16-5, PVRL16-10, TSLC-4, WASIM LOCAL-4, RSLG 2231, RSLG 2249, IS 17909, IS 17962, IS 18347, IS 18482, IS are some of the identified lines. Among the promising germplasm 5-6 lines selected based on their phenology can be tested for their restoration / maintenance behavior over 104 A. Table 2. Percent Heterosis over Mid parent (MP) and Better parent (BP) for yield and its attributing traits in Rabi Sorghum ## ## ## ## ## ## 3. Development of genetically diversified high yielding rabi sorghum hybrids (R Madhusudhana) Heterosis levels in rabi sorghum hybrids is insignificant because rabi landraces are used in the development of both parents (A and R parents) resulting in lack of genetic diversity between them. CMS-based seed parents and restorers need to be genetically diversified by introgressing genes from durra/guinea-based B-lines and from caudatum-based and guinea/durra-based R-lines for various yield and yield component traits. Towards 1-Breeding Rabi Report-agm18 Page 17 of 39