Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) VARANSI. District Planning Committee. Varansi (Uttar Pradesh)

Transcription

1 [ Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) VARANSI District Planning Committee Varansi (Uttar Pradesh)

2 [ Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) VARANSI District Planning Committee Varansi (Uttar Pradesh)

3 CONTENTS PARTICULARS Executive Summary PAGE No. Chapter -1 Introduction 1-8 i - viii Chapter -2 Agriculture Profile Uttar Pradesh 9-30 Chapter -3 Farm Profile Of The District Chapter 4 Constraints, Potential, strategies and vision for farm sector Chapter -5 Proposed New Programmes In Crop Sector I Agriculture A. Soil Management and Land Use Project i. Enrichment of Organic Carbon Content Using Green Manuring ii. iii. Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) System Establishment, Renovation and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories and Soil Health Card Programme a) Soil testing & fertilizer testing laboratories B. Adoption of organic farming C. Water and Soil Conservation 1. Efficient Use Water Resources and Management i. Adoption and promotion of precision farming techniques through micro irrigation ii. iii. Demonstration cum training of ridge and furrow system of paddy cultivation for increasing water use efficiency and ecofriendly cultivation Water Harvesting, Storage and Utilization for Irrigation D. Seed and Planting Material i. Establishment of Seed Treatment and Demonstrations Units at Gram Panchayats Level for early and high germination rate to increase crop yield ii. iii. iv. Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material for Improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Oil-seed for Improving Productivity Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter

4 Pulses for Improving Productivity E. Technology Dissemination i. Customized Farmer Trainings and Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) ii. iii. iv. Establishment of Integrated Farmers Training Centers (IFTC) at District Level Establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centres Knowledge Dissemination at Field Level by Subject Matter Specialist (SMS) v. Publication and mass campaign for resource development of agri and allied sector using ICT vi. vii. viii. ix. Training cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management in Major Crop to Decrease the Pesticide Level in Food Chain Training and Demonstrations of Weed Management in Major Crop to Reduce the Yield Loss Farmers Training for Seed Production at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Farmers Study Tour within and outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture F. Farm Mechanization i. Establishment of farm mechanization centers at Panchayat Level to Minimize the Energy loss of Human resources II Horticulture A. Programme for Small and marginal farmers and women Empowerment i. Promotion of Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops under Low Tunnels for Early Production of Vegetables ii. iii. Demonstration and Supply of Healthy Nursery Raising In Vegetable Crops Development of nutritional kitchen garden for Balanced Nutrition at Village Level and Involvement of women in Horticulture B. Entrepreneur Development Programmes i. Promotion of Commercial Floriculture in Varansi District ii. iii. Incentive for Establishing Backyard Mushroom Units Promotion of Bee Keeping C. Commercial Fruits i. Promotion of Rejuvenation of Senile, Old and

5 ii. Unproductive Orchards of Mango and Guava Programme for High Density Planting of Mango and Guava III Post Harvest & Agriculture Marketing Development of Facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce i. Improvement and creating of new market facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce ii. Value addition to Horticultural Produce through establishment of Grading and Packaging Houses Chapter - 6 Summary of Crop Sector Chapter - 7 Proposed New Programmes in Livestock Sector A Animal Husbandry i. Programme for year round production of Green Fodder to Provide Balanced Nutrition to Cattle ii. iii. iv. Strengthening of Animal Insemination Centres Improvement of Cattle Poultry development v. Improvement in Goat Breed vi. vii. Development of Goat and Piggery Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System B Dairy i. Programme for Quality and Hygienic Milk Production ii. iii. iv. Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units Mini Milk Processing Unit Dairy Training Workshop for Women C Fishery Development i. Demonstration and Training of Fish Culture ii. iii. iv. Renovating of Village Ponds for Fish Production Development of new hatcheries for production of Fingerlings Development of modern fish market Planting, monitoring and evaluation of C- DAP. 107 Chapter-8 Summary of Livestock Sector 108 Annexure-I Matrix for Convergence Opportunity in District Varansi

6 Annexure-II Various ongoing projects in the district Varansi in the field of Agriculture and allied sectors Annexure-III Copy of Letters from District Planning Committee

7 Executive Summary Concerned by the slow growth in the Agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council (NDC) in its meeting held on 29 th May, 2007 resolved that agriculture development strategies must be reoriented to meet the needs of the farmers. The NDC in its resolution advised the State Governments to prepare Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) that will fully utilize available resources and will include allied agriculture sectors. C-DAP, Varansi is an innovative way to draw up plans for agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agro-climatic conditions, natural resource issues and technology into account, and integrating livestock, poultry and fisheries more fully. Accordingly, the C-DAP for district Varansi has been prepared. Varansi district is situated in the Agro-climatic zone of eastern plain Region of Uttar Pradesh, bordering the districts of Jaunpur in the North, Ghazipur in the northeast, Chandauli in the East, Mirzapur in the South and Sant Ravidasnagar in the West. The district covers a total area of sq. km. with a population of lakh and density of 2063 persons per sq. km., as against the state average of 689 persons per sq km. It has 8 blocks namely, Araziline, Baragaon, Chiraigaon, Cholapur, Haruha, KVP, Pindra and Sewapuri. The river system consists of the mighty Ganga and its tributaries including Gomti, Varuna, Asi, Banganga, Chandra Prabha and Karmanasa. The net sown area of the district is 1.13 lakh ha with the cropping intensity of 138%. Small and marginal farmers dominate the scenario of land holding and nearly 94% of the land holdings are of less than 1 ha in size. The net irrigated area is 99,049 ha, which is 86.92% of net cropped area. Paddy (rice), maize, jowar (sorghum) and pulses like arhar (pigeon pea) and urd (blackgram) are the major crops grown during kharif season; while i

8 wheat, pea, gram (bengal gram) and masoor (lentil) are the principal crops grown during rabi season. Paddy and maize are also cultivated during zaid season. Fruits including mango, guava, aonla and vegetables like tomato, brinjal, cucumber, leafy vegetables, lady fingers and capsicum are also grown in the district. The district has a large number of cold stores spread in five blocks that provide ease to the farmers for storing potato. The major constraints include lack of assured irrigation facility particularly during summer, low productivity of cereals and pulses due to non-availability of timely and adequate quantity of quality inputs, inefficient use of irrigation water, poor post harvest handling and storage facilities, inadequate market support, and lack of emphasis on allied activities in agriculture like bee keeping, poultry, dairy and fishery. The interventions proposed include Improving Soil Health through Enrichment of Organic Carbon, INM, Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories, Adoption of Organic Farming; Efficient use of Water Resources and management; Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material; strengthening Technology Dissemination Mechanism; encouraging Farm Mechanization; horticulture programme for small and marginal farmers; entrepreneurial development through commercial horticulture, mushroom production; bee keeping; commercial fruit cultivation and value addition through grading and packaging facility. Dairy development includes Quality and Hygienic Milk production, promoting Commercial Dairy Units and Establishment of Milk Processing Unit. Fishery development includes establishment of hatcheries and Modern Fish Market, besides training to farmers to upgrade their knowledge and skills. Other interventions related to livestock sector include programmes for availability of fodder, strengthening Artificial Insemination centres, disease surveillance and overall improvement of cattle, pig and poultry. The total cost of the projects proposed in C-DAP of district Varansi is Rs Lakh. The details of the project plan are given in Appendix I. ii

9 Appendix-I COMPREHENSIVE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN OF VARANSI AT A GLANCE (OUTLAY AND YEARWISE ALLOCATION) (Rs. In lakh) S. No. Name of Programme Outlay 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year CROP SECTOR I. AGRICULTURE A. Soil Management and Land Use Project i. Enrichment of Organic Carbon Content Using Green Manuring ii. Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management System (INM) iii. Establishment, Renovation and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories and Soil Health Card Programme a) Soil testing & fertilizer testing laboratories B. Adoption of Organic Farming System C. Water & Soil Conservation 1. Efficient Use of Water Resources and Management iii

10 i. Adoption and promotion of precision farming techniques through micro irrigation ii. Demonstration cum training of ridge and furrow system of paddy cultivation for increasing water use efficiency and eco-friendly cultivation iii. Water Harvesting, Storage and Utilization for Irrigation D. Seed and Planting Material i. Establishment of Seed Treatment and Demonstrations Units at Gram Panchayat Level for early and high germination rate to increase crop yield ii. Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material for Improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) iii. Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Oilseed for Improving Productivity iv

11 iv. Programme Promotion Cultivation Summer/Winter Pulses Improving Productivity E. Technology Dissemination on of of for i. Customized Farmer Trainings and Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) ii. Establishment of Integrated Farmers Training Center $ (IFTC) at District Level iii.establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centres iv.knowledge Dissemination at Field Level by Subject Matter Specialist (SMS) v. Publication and Mass Campaign for resource development of agri and allied sector using ICT vi.training Cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management In Major Crops to Decrease the Pesticide Load in Food Chain v

12 vii.training and Demonstration Weed Management in Majors Crops to Reduce the Yield Loss viii.farmers Training for Seed Production at Krishi Vigyan Kendra ix. Farmers Study Tour within and outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture F. Farm Mechanization i. Establishment of farm mechanization centers at Panchayat Level to Minimize the Energy loss of Human resources II. HORTICULTURE A. Programme for Small and marginal farmers and women Empowerment i. Promotion of Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops under Low Tunnels for Early Production of Vegetables ii. Demonstration and Supply of Healthy Nursery Raising in Vegetable Crops vi

13 iii. Development of Nutritional Kitchen Garden for Balanced Nutrition at Village Level and Involvement of women in Horticulture B. Entrepreneur Development Programmes i. Promotion of Commercial Floriculture in Varansi District ii. Incentive for Establishing Backyard Mushroom Units iii. Promotion of Bee Keeping C. Commercial Fruits i. Promotion of Rejuvenation of Senile, Old and Unproductive Orchads of Mango and Guava. ii. Programme for High Density Planting of Mango and Guava III. POST HARVEST AND AGRICULTURE MARKETING i. Improvement and creating of new market facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce vii

14 ii. Value addition to Horticultural Produce through establishment of Grading and Packaging Houses Sub Total LIVESTOCK SECTOR A. Animal Husbandry i. Programme for year round production of Green Fodder to Provide Balanced Nutrition to Cattle ii. Strengthening Artificial Insemination Centres of iii. Improvement of cattle iv. Poultry Development v. Improvement in Goat Breed vi. Development Goat & Piggery of vii. Livestock Disease Surveillance Quick System B Dairy and Alert i. Programme for Quality and Hygienic Milk Production viii

15 ii. Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units iii. Mini Milk Processing Unit iv. Dairy Training Workshop for Women C Fisheries Development i. Demonstration and Training of Fish Culture ii. Renovating of Village Ponds for fish production iii. Development of New Hatcheries for production of fingerlings iv. Development of Modern Fish Market Sub Total Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of C-DAP Total Grand Total ix

16 Chapter - 1 INTRODUCTION The impact of the farm sector on the socio-economic fabric of the country can be realized from the fact that still sixty percent population of the country depends upon this sector for their livelihood. The sector contributes around 18.5 percent of the GDP. While the Indian economy had been growing at a rate of 6 percent per annum since 1993, the growth rate has increased to 9 percent during the last four years. This is in stark contrast to the growth rate of the agricultural sector which had witnessed sharp deceleration during the period of last one decade. The sectoral growth rate plummeted from a 3.62 percent per annum during the period of to to less than 2 percent in the subsequent period of to Agricultural growth was slightly above two percent during , yet much lower than the targeted growth rate of 4 percent. In brief, Indian agriculture is in crisis and the growth rate is not keeping pace with the growth rate of the other sectors of the economy. To address this vital issue, the concept of Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) has emerged with the basic objective of grass root planning depending upon the felt need of the people covering entire farm sector. Planning and development process in India is constitutionally a state subject and central government's role is restricted to formulating policy guidelines and providing financial resources for the sector. The basic principle of planning is to rely on the people who are the end user. The planning should be for the people, by the people and of the people, rather than the planning by the policy makers and administrators. In order to prepare a developmental plan, it is necessary to assemble a profile of the district. This will lead to an understanding of the development perspectives of the district vis-à-vis the Vision of growth in different sectors and related milestones. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is a strategic planning method which is often used in planning process through identification of the attributed that are helpful 1

17 streamlining the agricultural development programme of a district, the attributes that may limit in achieving the objectives of development, the internal attributes that are helpful in supportive to achieve the objective and finally the external attributes that may cause damage to the objective. The Agricultural Planning Units should broadly follow the SWOT analysis as the central tool for developing the document. Agriculture Planning requires much of technical support from experts in agriculture and allied sectors. Therefore, Agriculture Planning Units [District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU), Block Agriculture Planning Unit (BAPU), Village Agriculture Planning Unit (VAPU)] and at different levels of local bodies need to be constituted involving a group of experts from various disciplines relevant to the needs of the area. These units should assist the Panchayat Raj Institutions. A vision document needs to be prepared based on collective imagination for wellbeing of local community through realizing the potential for agricultural growth. The vision for development of agriculture should flow from the collective aspiration of all the stakeholders of the area. Schemes and programmes operating in the area are not necessary only basis for preparation of the vision document. Vision should also be supported by the strategy of the plan. The objective of the district planning is to design an integrated participatory action plan for the development of local area in general and agriculture and allied sectors in particular. The objective of comprehensive district agriculture plan (C-DAP) is to evolve an action plan for achieving sustainable agricultural growth with food security that will improve farmers income. It must be ensured in the process that in the plan is based on agroclimatic conditions, availability of technology, trained manpower and natural resources; the local needs and priorities in agriculture and allied sectors are reflected; productivity gaps in all such sectors are reduced and returns to the farmers are maximized; leading to quantifiable qualitative changes in agriculture and allied sectors. 2

18 METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING COMPREHENSIVE - DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLANS STEP I Primary data was collected through participation of stakeholders through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, conducted at Nyaya Panchayat and block level. Strategic Research and Extension Plans (SREP) prepared by Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) of the district were also consulted. Information collected from district offices of the line departments was integrated with the results of PRA and SREP. I. Formation of Three tier Planning Unit; a. District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU) b. Block Agriculture Planning Unit (BAPU) c. Village Agriculture Planning Unit (VAPU) These three units have been constructed using the local representatives of that particular area and trained them to make the format and gathering the information. II. Resource Mapping 1. Manual by format designing and approval a. Development of format to gather information on grass root level covering agriculture and allied sector along with entire social, economical and developmental information of the block/village/ district. b. Survey by block/village resource person at block/village level to gather information on available resources and make them use in the planning process. 3

19 2. Use of information technology in Resource Mapping a. Use of innovative software for transmitting field data direct from field to on line monitor b. Data Capturing: Providing village & block resource persons with mobile hand sets carrying e-forms for capturing and transmission of data c. Use of mobile hand sets for sending data from field to central computer 3. ICT enabled service was also used for transmission of the results of PRA Surveys. III. Financial Mapping The resources available for the development of district under different central sector and states schemes were also considered and the funds available was tried to be converged along with new intervention to get visible effect and real development. STEP - II Based on PRA, primary data and secondary data, the district profiles of individual districts were prepared. The core committee of experts, along with field officers of the line Departments from the districts analyzed the data and identified the constraints and potentials in the existing agricultural potential pattern of the district. Based on the SWOT analysis, vision for each district was developed and the strategies to boost farm production and profitability of farmers for each district were worked out. a. Formulation of new interventions based on the constraints, potential, vision and felt need emerged from PRA and PRI approach along with the discussion and meetings conducted. Integrated approach to be followed for development of district 4

20 b. The plan has been developed by involving farmers and line department of the district. The plan has been emerged from the bottom-up approach depending upon the local need and the people aspiration. STEP III Programmes both in crop sector and livestock sector were developed for obtaining holistic growth of farm sector as per the information gathered at various level of planning units (DAPU, BAPU and VAPU) of each district and its convergence with resources available from central sector schemes such as NREGS, BRGF and other central/state sector schemes was assessed. The plan documents were consulted for knowing the targets fixed for farm sector growth. Each programme was discussed Collect reliable data Identify sources Capacity building & handholding of PCs, Analysis and APUs & others Interpretations List needs, Prioritize & action points Formulation of projects Monitoring & evaluation System Development Plan Fin. Requirement & sources Delivery mechanism in detail by the panel of experts, garm pradhan and line department officials before its inclusion in the Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP). Although financial requirements are also given in each of the proposed projects, these were adjusted depending upon the size of the district, number of blocks in the district and other relevant specific features, constraints and potentials that exist. The report so prepared has been arranged in the following chapters: i. District Agriculture Profile ii. Constrains, potentials, strategies and vision for farm sector of the district iii.proposed major programmes in crop sector i. Crop Husbandry including Horticulture ii. iii. iv. Irrigation water management Rain water harvesting, conservation and its use Women Empowerment 5

21 v. Entrepreneur Development vi. Village Artisen vii. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources viii. Agriculture Marketing and Cooperation ix. Food Storage x. Soil and Water Conservation xi. Rural Infrastructure xii. Technology Dissemination to farmers iv. Summary of crop sector v. Proposed major programmes for the district in livestock sector i. Dairy Development ii. Poultry development iii. iv. Goat and piggery sector Fisheries development v. Livestock disease surveillance and quick alert system vi. vii. viii. Summary of livestock sector Details of the ongoing scheme and budget allocation Budget summary of the Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan at a glance ix. Convergence Opportunities 6

22 STEP IV District-wise modification as well as fine tuning of Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plans in consultation with Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI). STEP V The plan developed was discussed with the members of ATMA and officials of line departments for final planning process. Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plan was discussed, amended and approved by ATMA before its presentation and approval by District Planning Committee (DPC), the final approving authority of C-DAP. 7

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24 Chapter - 2 AGRICULTURE PROFILE UTTAR PRADESH Amongst all the states of India, Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of farm holdings i.e. over 20 million, spread across varied agroclimatic conditions and soil types. Agriculture is the most crucial sector for economic development of the state. It contributes the highest share of about 33% to the total income of the state. A vast majority of the population in the State relies mainly on Agriculture for its livelihood. The State has significant bearing on the Agricultural performance at the national level. It produces about one fifth of the total food grains in the country, which is the highest among all states. About one third (34.71%) of all wheat produced in the country comes from Uttar Pradesh. Similarly around 45% (44.62%) of the country's sugar cane is produced in Uttar Pradesh. Evidently the State s agriculture has a paramount role to play in the food production and food security of the country. The contribution of U.P. in the total production of the country in respect of major crops is given in Table

25 Table 2.1: Contribution of Uttar Pradesh to the Production of Some Agriculture Commodities, Name of Crops Production in Lakh tons India U.P. Contribution of U.P. % Total Food grain Rice Wheat Jowar Bajra Maize Total Pulses Gram Arhar Lentil Total Oilseeds Groundnut Rapeseed/Mustard Sunflower Sugarcane Potato Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 2.1. Agro climatic zone wise proportion of districts The state is divided into nine zones. The detailed coverage of districts is given in Table

26 Table 2.2: Agro-climatic zones of Uttar Pradesh, S.N. Agro Climatic Zone Districts 1 Tarai and Bhabar Saharanpur (58%), Muzaffarnagar Nagar (10%), Bijnor (79%), Moradabad (21%), Rampur (40%), Bareilly (19%), Pilibihit (75%), Shahjahanpur (6%), Khiri (39%), Bahraich (47%), Shravasti (71%) 2 Western Plain Saharanpur (42%), Muzaffarnagar Nagar (90%), Meerut, Bagpat, Gaziabad, Gautam Budha Nagar, Buland Shahar 3 Mid Western Plain Bareilly(81%), Badaun, Pilibihit(25%), Moradabad (79%), Jyotibaphule Nagar, Rampur (60%), Bijnor (21%), 4 South Western Agra, Firozabad, Aligarh, Hathras, Mathura, Mainpuri, Etah 5 Central Shahjahanpur (94%), Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur Dehat, Etawa, Auraiya, Farrukhabad, Kannauj, Lucknow, Unnao, Raibareilly, Sitapur, Hardoi, Khiri(61%), Fetehpur, Allahabad (58%), Kaushmbi 6 Bundelkhund Jhansi, Lalitpur, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda, Chitrkoot, 7 North East Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Deoria, Kushi Nagar, Basti, St. Kabir Nagar, Siddhartha Nagar, Gonda, Baharaich(53%), Balrampur, Shravasti (29%) 8 Eastern Azamgarh, Mau, Balia, Pratapgarh, Faizabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Barabanki, Sultanpur, Varansi, Chandauli, Jaunpur, Gazipur, St.Ravidas Nagar (86%) 9 Vindhyan Allahabad(42%), St. Ravidas Nagar (14%), Mirzapur, Sonebadhra Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Note: Percentages in parentheses indicate the portion of district falling in respective agro-climatic zone Productivity Status of Agro-Climatic Zones, Productivity of different crops in different zones pertaining to the year is indicated below Cereals The average productivity of food grains in the state is quintals per Ha and in case of cereals; it is Q/Ha. The food grains productivity varies 11

27 in different agro-climatic zones from Q/Ha (in Bundelkhand zone) to Q/Ha (in western plain zone). Similarly in case of cereals it varies from Q/Ha (in Bundelkhand zone) to Q/Ha (in western plain zone). The zone-wise details are presented in Table 2.3. Table 2.3: Zone-wise Productivity of Cereal Crops, S. N. Zones Food grains Total Cereals (Q/ha) Rice Wheat Jowar Bajra Maize 1 Tarai & Bhabhar Western Plain Mid- Western Plain 4 South West.Semi-Dry 5 Mid-Plain/ Central Bundelkhand North Eastern Plain 8 Eastern Plain Vindhyan Uttar Pradesh Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Pulses The average productivity of pulses is 7.25 Q/Ha in the state. It varies in different agro-climatic zones from 6.57 Q/Ha (in Bundelkhand zone) to 8.09 Q/Ha (in mid central plain). The zone-wise details are presented below in Table

28 Table 2.4: Zone wise Productivity of Pulses in S. No. Zones Total Pulses (Q/ha) Arhar Gram Pea Lentil Urd 1 Tarai & Bhabhar Western Plain Mid- Western Plain South West. Semi- Dry Mid-Plain/ Central Bundelkhand North Eastern Plain Eastern Plain Vindhyan Uttar Pradesh Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Oilseeds The average productivity of Oil seeds is 8.36 Q/ha in the state. It varies in different agro-climatic zones from 3.74 Q/Ha (in bundelkhand zone) to Q/Ha (in south-western semi dry zone). The zone wise details are presented below in Table 2.5. The target for average annual growth rate of agriculture sector during the 10 th Plan was 5.1 percent. However, the achievement was only about 2 percent. A lower growth rate of this order is indicative of the fact that there was something missing in the efforts and strategies for agriculture development. The past growth rates in the agriculture sector show that the state achieved a growth rate of 5.7 percent during the Fifth Plan. Thus, the State has potential for achieving much higher growth in this sector. It is in this background that a growth rate of 5.7 percent has been envisaged in agriculture sector during Eleventh Plan. 13

29 Table 2.5: Productivity of Oil Seeds, (Q/ha) S. No. Zones Total Oilseeds Rapeseed/ Mustard 1 Tarai & Bhabhar Western Plain Mid- Western Plain South West. Semi-Dry Mid-Plain/ Central Bundelkhand North Eastern Plain Eastern Plain Vindhyan Uttar Pradesh Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh As per Agriculture Census, there is a predominance of marginal and small farmers in the State, small farmers and marginal farmers account for 76.9 % and 14.6% of the total holdings respectively. This group of small and marginal farmers own 61.2% of the total land area. Average size of holding is only 0.83 ha. per farmer. However, the average size of holding of marginal farmers is 0.40 hectare Land Use Pattern The land use pattern ( ) in the State has been indicated in the Table 2.6. The total cultivated area of the state is lakh ha. And the gross cropped area is lakh ha. The cropping intensity in the state is 153 %. The area sown during rabi is more as compared to area sown in kharif. The area under sugarcane which is an annual crop is 0.38 lakh ha Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) Seed is one of the most vital inputs responsible for higher production and can contribute 10 to 15 percent increase in production. The seed scenario 14

30 in U.P. during the Tenth Five Year Plan Period has been quite encouraging in case of cereals especially paddy and wheat. An encouraging trend has been noticed in the Seed Replacement Rate also during the Tenth Five Year Plan which is evident from the Table 2.7. The recommended seed replacement rate in case of self pollinated crops is 25%. In case of hybrids e.g. maize, bajra etc and in case of cotton where Bt hybrids have been released, the replacement should be total. As such the SRR, in case of almost all the crops needs improvements. Table 2.6: Land Use Pattern, (lakh ha) S. No. Particulars Uttar Pradesh 1 Reporting Area Forest Barren Land Non Agri. Use Culturable Waste Pastures Misc. Trees etc Current Follow Other Follow Net Area Sown Area Sown more than Once Gross Cropped Area Cropping Intensity Kharif Rabi Zaid Area Under Sugarcane (annual crop) Gross Cropped Area Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 15

31 Table 2.7: Crop-Wise Seed Replacement Rate during X th Five Year Plan S. N. Name of Crop X th Plan Target of ( ) (%) (%) (%) (%) Paddy Maize Bajra Jowar Urd Moong Arhar Groundnut Til Soyabean Sunflower Cotton Kharif Wheat Barley Gram Pea Lentil Rai/Sarson Toria Linseed Rabi Annual Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh (%) 16

32 2.5. Soil Health, Consumption of Fertilizers It has been observed that soil health has deteriorated sharply during the last few years. Indiscriminate and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers, especially urea along with chemical pesticides and unavailability of organic manures has led to considerable reduction in soil health. Hence restoring soil health has emerged as a major challenge before the farmers and the State. The State Government is taking steps to check the rapid deterioration in soil health in several areas. Although use of chemical fertilizers is very low in comparison to agriculturally advanced neighbouring states like Haryana and Punjab and it is even below the national average, yet consumption of chemical fertilizers is increasing constantly and there is an imbalance in their usage which has caused the deterioration in soil health. The recommended fertilizer use in terms of NPK ratio is 4:2:1. When the nutrients are supplied to the field in the ratio of 4:2:1, maximum productivity is obtained. The pattern of fertilizer consumption in the state shows that the NPK ratio is gradually narrowing. During the ratio was 25.2: 7.6: 1. It has tapered down to 10.7: 4.0: 1.0 indicating the efforts at balanced use of fertilizer (Table 2.8). Table 2.8: Consumption of Fertilizers in 10th Five Year Plan Year Consumption (kg/ha) N P K NPK Ratio : 5.1 : : 5.0 : : 4.0 : : 4.25 : :4.0:1.0 Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 17

33 2.6. District-wise Status of Irrigation The state average of irrigated area is 79% but there is a wide variation in districts. The district wise irrigated area varies from 29% to 100%.The districts have been categorized in different slabs indicating the extent of irrigation as presented in Table 2.9. Table 2.9: Irrigation status of different districts of U.P., S.No. Slab No. Name of Districts Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Bagpat, Mathura, Shahjahanpur, Aligarh, Hathrus (100%), 90 % 1 22 Firozabad, Mainpuri, Etah, Bareilly, Badaun, and above Pilibihit, Kannauj Moradabad, Ajamgarh, Lucknow, Faizabad, Ambedkernagar, Chandauli.Gaziabad, % 23 Bulandsahar, Bijnor, J.B. Fulenagar, Rampur, Farrukhabad, Etawa, Auraiya, Pratapgarh, Varansi, Gazipur, Jaunpur, S. Rabidasnagar, Mau, Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Deoria, S. Kabirnagar, Unnao, Raibareilly, Sitapur, Hardoi, Sultanpur, Barabanki % 9 G.Budhnagar, Kanpur Dehat, Allahabad, Lalitpur, Balia, Khushinagar, Khiri, Gonda % 6 Kanpur Nagar, Fetehpur, Kaushmbi, Jhansi, Basti, Siddharthnagar % 2 Jalaun, Mirzapur, 6 Less than 50 % 8 Mahoba, Banda, Chitrkoot (29%), Hamirpur, Sonbhadra, Balrampur, Baharaich, Shravasti. Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 18

34 2.7. Agriculture Extension Dissemination of technical knowledge is a very important task. Agriculture Universities and other agencies are involved in the development of new techniques for the benefit of farmers in improving crop production. The knowledge of such techniques has to be transferred to the farmers who are the ultimate users. Through agriculture extension, this information is being disseminated to the farmers. For this purpose, Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMAs) has been set up in 32 districts of U.P. and it is proposed to cover the entire state in the near future. ATMA provides a strong platform for convergence of all extension activities for holistic development of agriculture sector. ATMA has proved to be an effective medium of extension where programmes have been prepared in consultation with stake holders and implemented with their participation Horticulture Uttar Pradesh has diverse agro-climatic conditions and with its vast agricultural & natural resources, it is facilitating production of various food crops like fruits, vegetables, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants etc. The state is fourth in the country with a cultivated area of Lakh hectares under vegetables. The state accounts for 16% of India's total population and produces 15% of the country's vegetables i.e Lac ton. UP ranks the second largest producer of vegetables among all states. Major vegetables are potato and peas (leading state), sweet potato (second among states), cabbage (sixth among states). U.P. contributes 40-45% of the potato production of the country. Similarly, UP ranks third in production of fruits among all states in the country. Major fruits grown in the state are Mango (leading state in India in terms of production), Guava (ranked fourth in India), Banana and Litchi. The overall productivity of fruits in the state is tons/ha against national average of 11.9 tons per hectares. The important spices produced in Uttar Pradesh are onion (sixth among states), turmeric, chili, garlic, fennel, fenugreek and coriander. 19

35 Nearly 72% of the total population of the state is engaged in cultivation, out of which approximately 80% farmers are in the small and marginal category. To boost the required horticultural development in the state different schemes / programmes under state / centrally sponsored schemes are being implemented. There is a good scope for vegetables and fruit production in the state, especially quality production through organic farming. During the Eleventh Five Year Plan period ( ), the growth rate of this sector has been fixed at 10%. To achieve this growth rate, the department is implementing various developmental schemes i.e. introduction of new varieties of fruits, adoption of hybrid varieties of vegetables and spices of high quality, adoption of new horticultural techniques, production of European vegetables, adoption of new techniques to increase production of flowers and medicinal plants, establishment of high-tech model nurseries, apiculture, mushroom cultivation, establishment of distillation units for flowers and medicinal & aromatic plants, onion stores units and the establishment of semiprocessing and processing units in the state. Recently organic farming has caught the fancy of the farmers and thus effort needs to be encouraged for production of chemical free fruits and vegetables with a provision of reliable traceability in order to improve nutritional security of the country Sugarcane Sugarcane is another important crop in the State. Almost half of the total sugarcane area in the country is in Uttar Pradesh. About 30 percent sugar production in the country is contributed by the State, yet at 58.2 tonnes per hectare, productivity is much below the all India average of 66.9 tonnes and average sugar recovery is almost 75 percent of all India average. Major challenges facing the sugarcane sector in U. P. are (i) Limited availability of water for irrigation; (ii) Depletion of soil fertility; (iii) Increase in the prices of fertilizer herbicides and pesticides; (iv) Price escalation of petroleum products; and (v) Limited availability of farm labor. The state is implementing intensive Cane Development Programmes including improved seed production programme, Soil and Seed treatment. 20

36 2.10. Animal Husbandry Uttar Pradesh has a livestock population of lakh heads excluding poultry per 2003 Animal census. The cow population stands at lakh heads which comprises lakh crossbred and lakh indigenous breeds. Likewise, the State has lakh buffaloes. Sheep population stands at just lakh. Although sheep wool constitutes the most important raw material for the carpet industry in the State, yet its population is showing a declining trend. Similarly, the goat population is just lakh although it is called the poor man s cow. There are only lakh pigs the most proliferate, low input and high output animal and its population is also decreasing over the years. Poultry population is also meager at just lakh birds although the State is a major consumer of poultry products. Further, virtually no growth has been recorded in poultry population in the State. Out of lakh cattle & buffaloes in the State, there are only about lakh breedable animals. Out of lakh breedable cows and buffaloes, only lakh (68 percent) are milching animals. Table 2.10: Livestock population in the State Livestock Population (000) Percent Category Increase/Decrease Crossbred cattle Indigenous cattle Total cattle Buffaloes Total Bovines Sheep Goats Pigs Camels Others Total Livestock Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 21

37 Total poultry population in the state is about million birds. Over the period of 10 th plan, fowl population has decreased by around 3.5 per cent the total poultry by 3.3 per cent in the State. Ducks and other birds have shown an increase of 2.5 per cent during the period - over 60 per cent of them comprising indigenous fowls in the backyards of rural households. Poultry production in Uttar Pradesh consists of two distinctly different streams: the organized poultry industry made up of exclusively of commercial hybrid birds and the backyard system with indigenous fowl in the rural areas. Organized poultry industry in UP is stagnant and over half of the eggs and poultry meat consumed in the state is imported from States as far away as Andhra Pradesh and some from neighbouring Punjab and Haryana. While the state s neighbouring States (Punjab and Haryana) have a successful and flourishing poultry industry and account for nearly 40 per cent of the table eggs and broiler import into the State, UP itself has lagged far behind in organized egg / broiler production. Overall Uttar Pradesh stands 1 st in milk production, 5 th in wool production, 7 th in egg production and 1 st in meat production in the country Livestock Production The livestock of the state contributed to the State s economy by producing lakh metric tonnes of milk, lakh eggs, lakh kg wool and lakh kg meat in Uttar Pradesh is the largest milk producing state in the country since last many years. Per capita availability of milk in U.P. is 290 gm while the national average is 245 gm/day against the minimum requirement of 280 gram per day per capita as recommended by ICMR. Yet, there is good scope for breeding of cows, especially cross-bred cows for increasing productivity and production of milk Meat Production The state also plays a vital role in meat production in the country. Uttar Pradesh is the largest meat exporter in the country with the exports worth Rs.200 crores. Meat production status of U.P. is given in Table

38 Table 2.11: Milk Production in U.P., Category / Animal Total milk production (lakh Litre) Percentage Contribution Buffalo Cow Goat Total Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Table 2.12: Meat Productivity and Production in U.P., Category / Av. meat productivity Total meat Percent Animal (Kg. /animal) production contribution (lakh Kg) Buffalo Goat Sheep Pig Total Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Availability of Fodder The state has negligible pasture facilities, inadequate green fodder and concentrate feed availability. Only about 4 per cent of agricultural land is under fodder crop production. Fodder requirement & production status is given in Table There is, thus a dire need for improving the productivity of fodder crops and expansion of area under green fodder. For this purpose the fodder seed production facilities in the State need strengthening. 23

39 Table 2.13: Requirement and availability of fodder, Commodity Requirement Availability Deficit Deficit (Lakh MT) (Lakh MT) (Lakh MT) (%) Green Fodder Dry Fodder Compounded Feed Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Fisheries Importance of aquatic resources in our economy is well recognized. The need for protective food production has assumed vital importance. Hence, use of aquatic resources for developmental purpose such as aquaculture and fisheries at par with the terrestrial resources for agriculture and animal husbandry, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. As a result of intensive efforts, aquaculture has become one of the fastest growing food production sub-sectors over the past two decades in India. Distribution (percentage) of aquatic resources of Uttar Pradesh is detailed in Table Table 2.14: Aquatic Resources in the U.P., Resource Percentage Rivers &Canals 62% Large & Medium Reservoirs 12% Ponds 14% Lakes 12% Total 100% Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh The Eleventh Five Year Plan ( ) has laid down the monitorable targets for fisheries sector (Table 2.15) and the salient features of this programme are as under: 24

40 Growth rate to be increased from 7.4% to 13%. Enhancement of productivity from 2.8 t/ha/yr to more than 4 t/ha/yr. Increase in total annual fish production from 2.90 lakh ton to 5.32 lakh ton. Increase in seed production capacity to get about 150 crore standard fingerlings from present 120 crore. Diversifications of fish culture activities for a variety of aquatic products e.g. prawn, catfish, ornamental fish The table 2.15 gives year wise details of physical targets during 11 th Plan Resources Available Through Convergence In view of the resource crunch, loan assistance from NABARD under RIDF is being obtained since with the condition of their utilization in three years from the year of sanction. Further, Central Loan Assistance under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) is also being provided by Government of India for early completion of the on-going projects, on which substantial expenditure has already been incurred. At present, as per modified guide lines for the accelerated irrigation benefits programme effective from December 2006, the central assistance will be in the form of central grant which will be 25% of project cost. The balance cost of the project as the state s share is to be arranged by the state government from its own resources. Major and medium projects as well as Extension, Renovation & Modernization (ERM) of irrigation projects are categorized for assistance as (a) having investment clearance of the Planning Commission (b) are in an advanced stage of construction and can be completed in the next four financial years (c) are not receiving any other form of financial assistance. Components of the projects not receiving any other form of financial assistance can also be considered for inclusion in the programme. 25

41 Table 2.15: Annual Physical Targets during Eleventh Five Year Plan S.No. Activity Pond area lease (ha) Improvement and construction of ponds (ha) 3 Fish seed production (crore) 4 Establishment of hatcheries (No.) 5 Seed rearing units Training of fishermen (No.) 7 Fish productivity (kg/ha/yr) Fish production (lakh ton) Organization of coop societies 10 Fish development through co-operatives (ha) 11 Development of water logged area (ha) Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Minor Irrigation Ground Water Department is the nodal organization at the State Level, entrusted with the responsibilities of survey and investigation for the assessment of ground water resources and assisting the user departments in the ground water development, management, augmentation, conservation & regulation of ground water resources of the state covering 820 blocks. The proposal for 11 th Five Year Plan ( ) was formulated considering the problem arising out of indiscriminate use of ground water, its declining trend & developing scarcity areas. Keeping in mind, the ground water regime (quantitatively and qualitatively) problems arising out of overexploitation, causing declining ground water level and water logging, soil degradation due to shallow water table and excessive use of chemicals in the fields, the programmes of ground water development are being 26

42 planned/proposed in such away, so as to provide permanent and sustainable solutions to the ground water problems in the State. The following ground water survey programmes are proposed to be carried out during financial year Detailed specific programmes and financial requirements are summarized below- Ground water Resource Estimation and Strengthening of Ground water survey: Monitoring of Ground water Level on hydrograph stations network (Observation well / Piezometer) Construction of Piezometers Estimation of Ground Water Resource Micro Study in Over Exploited / Critical Blocks Quality Assessment / Monitoring of Ground Water Procurement of Drilling, Survey and Monitoring Equipments Rain water harvesting: In this scheme Roof top rain water harvesting, ponds and percolation tanks will be constructed for study purpose on model basis. Inter departmental co-ordination for monitoring and implementation of Rain Water Harvesting / Recharging activities in the State. Impact assessment of rain water harvesting/recharging activities and schemes on ground water regime (ground water level and quality) are to be carried out. An outlay of Rs Lakh is proposed for this work Construction of Shallow Tube-Well for Small/Marginal farmers: The major interventions/ facilities for construction of tube wells provided Free Boring Scheme is given in Table The salient features of scheme are: Construction of Medium Deep Tube-Well in alluvial areas of State where water bearing strata is between 31 to 60 metre. Construction of Deep Tube Well for deep and difficult areas of state having water bearing strata deeper than Sixty metre. Construction of Blast Well /Deepening of Well in rocky areas. 27

43 Boring by In well Rig/Wagon Drill in rocky areas. Artesian Well Scheme (Mainly for Jalaun Distt.) Ground Water Recharging/Check dam Scheme in which Renovation of Ponds and construction of check dam is included Availability of Ground Water: As per available data Zone-wise ground water recharge, exploitation and stage of development in different regions of the state is given in Table Although overall water balance situation appears to be positive yet, 37 blocks at present are over-exploited, 13 blocks are critical and 88 blocks are semi-critical and 675 blocks are in safe categories as per stage of ground water development. The available ground water balance in the State is 2.13 million hectare-meter (M ha-m) and out of this 1.95 M ha-m is available for irrigation purposes Irrigation Potential Created: The irrigation potential from Minor Irrigation works at the start of 1 st five year plan was only lakh ha. As per 3 rd Census of Minor Irrigation Works Conducted by Govt. of India in the base year , the actual irrigation potential created through Minor Irrigation Works came to lakh hectares. The position expected at the end of 10 th Five Year Plan, after taking into consideration the depreciation of minor irrigation works at 1% as per 3 rd Census of Minor Irrigation works, is given in Table 2.18 which brings out that the State has made considerable progress through various five year plans and the 10 th plan provided a boost to the development efforts; yet, there remains a tremendous scope for further development in every sub-sector of the agriculture sector including crops, horticulture, animal husbandry and pisciculture. The eleventh plan effort based on district level development plans is envisaged to boost the sectoral growth significantly. 28

44 Table 2.16: Status of facilities provided for minor irrigation works, S.N. Name of Works Eligibility Criterion Free Boring A- Boring Small/ Marginal Farmer Average of project cost Rs. 8000/- B- Pump set (5 Hp) Rs. 18,000/- Medium Tube Well Farmers of All Categories Deep Tube Well Artesian Well Blast Well Boring by In well Rig Machine Deepening of Well in Rocky Area Surface Pump set (Rocky area of Bundle khand & Allah bad District) Construction of Check dam Renovation of Tank Farmers of All Categories Farmers of All Categories Farmers of All Categories Farmers of All Categories Farmers of All Categories Farmers of All Categories Rs Lakh Rs Lakh Rs. 12,000/- Rs.1.20 Lakh Rs. 50,000/- Rs. 122/- per hole Rs. 20,000/- Community Work Rs Lakh. Community Work Rs Lakh Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Detail of Subsidy Provided 1- General Category (1) Small Farmer 3000/- (2) Marginal Farmer 4000/ 2- Small/Marginal Farmers of SC/ST 6000/- 1- General Category (1) Small Farmer 2800/- (2) Marginal Farmer 3750/- 3- Small/Marginal Farmers of SC/ST 5650/- 50% cost of the Tube well with maximum Rs /- & for water distribution system of cost with 50% maximum Rs /- Total Rs. 85,000/- 50% cost, maximum Rs lakh. 50% cost, maximum Rs. 5000/- 50% cost, maximum Rs. 50,000/- 50% cost, maximum Rs. 7500/- 50% cost, maximum Rs. 20/- per hole. 25% cost, maximum Rs. 3000/- Cent percent Subsidy. Cent percent Subsidy 29

45 Table 2.17: Annual Ground water balance in U.P., S. No. Zone Ground Water Recharge (M ha-m) Ground Water Exploitation (M ha-m) Balance Ground Water (M ha-m) Stage of Development (%) 1 East West Central Bundelkhand Total * 69 Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Table 2.18: Irrigation potential of U.P. S. No. Year Irrigation Potential Created (Lakh ha) Depreciation (@ 1%) Net Irrigation Potential (Lakh ha) Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Over All Thus the state has made considerable progress through various five year plans and the 10 th plan provided a boost to the development efforts; yet, there remains a tremendous scope for further development in every subsector of the agriculture sector including crops, horticulture, animal husbandry and pisiculture. The eleventh plan effort based on district level development plans is envisaged to boost the sectoral growth significantly. The Comprehensive - District Agricultural development plan for district Varansi is, therefore, drawn by the state for consideration of the Planning Commission for the assistance under Additional Central Assistance Scheme in the following pages of the document. 30

46 Chapter-3 FARM PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT Varansi is situated in the Agro climatic zone of eastern plain region of Uttar Pradesh, bordering the districts of Jaunpur in the north, Ghazipur in the northeast, Chandauli in the east, Mirzapur in the south and Sant Ravidasnagar in the west. The total area of the district is sq. km, supporting a population of lakh persons. This district is densely populated, with 2063 persons per square km, as against the state average of 689 persons per square km. This district is divided in to eight blocks namely, Araziline, Baragaon, Chiraigaon, Cholapur, Haruha, KVP, Pindra, Sewapuri. The river system consists of the mighty Ganga highly revered by Hindus since ages and Gomti, Varuna, Asi, Banganga, Chandra Prabha and Karmanasa are tributaries of the Ganga, that drain the area. The brief profile of the district is given in Table

47 Table 3.1: Varansi District Profile at a Glance Item Characteristics Value 1 Area 1.1 Geographical area (Sq km) Forest (ha) Net sown area (000 ha) Area sown more than once (000 ha) Total cropped area (000 ha) Cropping intensity (%) 138 % 1.7 Fallow land (ha) Land not available for cultivation (ha) Administrative 2.1 No of blocks No of villages (inhabited) No. of villages (electrified) 728 (57.68 %) 2.4 No of villages with potable water supply 1262 (100%) 3 Rainfall (mm) 3.1 Normal Actual (2006) Actual (2005) Agro-climatic region and zone Eastern plain region 5 Population (000) 5.1 Total Male Female Population below poverty line (families) Literacy (%) 6.1 Total

48 6.2 Male Female Credit infrastructure 7.1 Nationalized bank branches Regional Rural Banks Cooperative Banks Cooperative and Village Development Bank 2 8 Agricultural & allied work forces 8.1 Cultivator Small & marginal farmers Agricultural labourers Artisans Other workers Irrigation (ha) 9.1 Net irrigated area (ha) By canals (ha) By tube wells (ha) By wells/ ponds (ha) By other Sources (ha) Agriculture support facilities 10.1 Seed/fertilizers depots (No.) Rural markets/ Mandis (No.) Cold storage (No. / Capacity) 14 / MT Rural Godowns (No. / Capacity) 102 / 2400 MT. 11 Dairy animals 11.1 Cattle (cows) 69, Buffaloes 72,279 33

49 11.3 Goat/Sheep/ pig 95726/ 15872/ Poultry birds Fertilizers consumption (kg per ha) 403 Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development & (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.)( The majority of population is rural and the district is primarily agrarian with 73.5% of the geographical area under cultivation. A net sown area is around 1.14-lakh hectares out of which nearly half (62 thousand hectares) is sown more than once with 138% crop intensity. Small and marginal farmers dominate the scenario of land holding and nearly 94% of the land holdings are of less than 1 hectare in size (Table 3.2). Table 3.2: Distribution of Operational Holdings Farm size Ha Operational holdings Area operated Number % Ha % Less than Between 1 & Above Total (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.) ( Crop Sector Kharif, rabi and zaid are three major cropping seasons in the district, with approx 0.99-lakh hectares or 87% of the net cultivated area is being irrigated. The agricultural potential of the district can be rated as high. The major crops grown in the district are wheat, paddy & pulses. Paddy, maize, jowar and pulses like Arhar, urd are the major crops grown during Kharif season, while wheat, pea, gram and masoor are the principal crops grown during Rabi season. Paddy and maize are the crops cultivated during zaid season. 34

50 The productivity of major crops in the district during is given in table 3.3. The blockwise details regarding availability of major fertilizers are given in Table 3.4. Table 3.3: Details of main crops in the district, (Checked) Crop Croped area (ha) % of total cropped area Production (q) Productivity (q/ha) 1. Food grain Wheat 69, Paddy 60, Coarse grain Maize 8, Jwar 1, Bajra 2, Pulses Urd Arhar 4, Gram 2, Peas 3, Mustard 3, Others 2, Total 160, Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development 35

51 Table 3.4: Details of Fertilizers availability through different sources in district Varansi (MT) Block Nitrogen Phosphorous Potash Total Baragaon Pindra Cholapur Chiraigaon Haruha Sewapuri Araziline KVP Total (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.)( Fruits like mango, guava, anola and vegetable crops like tomato, brinjal, cucumber, leafy vegetables, ladies fingers and capsicum are the other crops grown in the district. The details of area and productivity of major fruit crops is given in the Table 3.5. Table 3.5: Area, production and productivity of major fruit crops of district S. No. Horticulture Crop Area (ha) Production (MT) Productivity (t/ha) 1 Mango Guava Citrus Papaya Ber Karaonda Falsa Aonla Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development 36

52 The targets and achievements regarding productivity of major crops in the district are given in Table 3.7, which reveals that there has always been a gap in achievement of targets for productivity. This indicates that the efficient use of inputs and adoption of scientific crop production practices needs to be promoted for achieving the optimum productivity The district has been covered under 'State Horticulture Mission' launched in 2005, which is a part of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) of GOI. The mission involves promotion of commercial cultivation, rejuvenation, post harvest management and marketing of commercial horticulture like mango, guava, banana, aonla, mentha, scented rose, mushrooms, bee keeping, organic farming, pack house and provision of marketing infrastructure The majors constraints addressed in the district are a need for better and assured irrigation and uninterrupted power supply. Though the district has been bestowed with good network of canals, they have become dilapidated due to neglect much investment in repairs & renovation. Besides these, other constraints being faced in the district are the non-availability of timely and adequate supply of quality inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, power supply etc. The extension services need to be improved with a focus on new technology and environmental concerns. The district is also suffers from a chronic problem of being ravaged by droughts every alternate year Exploiting excessive ground water due to cultivation of paddy in the rabi season is gradually becoming hazardous to the environment. This issue can be addressed by crop diversification, through which other crops, which envisages lower water uses and are equally remunerative, if not the farmers could consider more. An alarming features which is increasingly been noticeable particularly in peri urban areas is the filling up of small pond/ tank/ reservoir for commercial purposes, which deprives rain water harvesting & consequent local ground water recharge. 37

53 3.2. Main Industries To support the agriculture sector there is a strong needs to develop industrial sector, which can enhance the demands for raw materials for processing industries. The processing industries are operating in this district. 1. Handicrafts industry 2. Khadi and handlooms 3. Agriculture and livestock based industries 4. Forest produce based 5. Fibre based other than handlooms 6. Chemical and polymers based 7. Minerals based general engineering industry Cottage industry, trade and services have traditionally been the other important sector contributing to the economy of the district, as has inward remittances by workers, both inland and overseas. Silk sarees weaving, electric fan manufacturing, fruit preservation, small wooden toy making etc have been traditionally undertaken. Most of these activities are in a state decline due to competition of similar products at much cheaper rates. Major Food and Commercial Crops Wheat, Paddy, sugarcane, potato and pulses. Major Horticulture Crops - Mango, guava, and aonla. 3.3 Livestock Sector Animal husbandry sector envisages implementation of programme to increase the production of milk, egg and wool etc through rapid breed improvement. It also generates employment opportunities and supplementary income to rural masses comprising small, marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. It is not only provides full employment to thousands of rural people but also produce food of immense nutritional importance. This sector comprises of the following sub sectors. 38

54 i. Dairy development ii. iii. Poultry development Sheep, Goat & Piggery development The blockwise population of livestock is given in Table 3.6. Table 3.6: Population of major livestock in district (checked) S. N. Block Cow Buffalo Total (Cow + buffalo) Goat PIG Sheep Poultry 1 Baragaon Pindra Cholapur Chiraigaon Haruha Sewapuri Araziline KVP Total (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.)( Dairy development in the recent times has assured great importance as an allied activity to agriculture. It has not only provided gainful employment to the people of rural areas but also increased their income. Besides, due to nutrient value of dairy products, the activity is also being practiced on commercial basis. Varansi district is being a tourist and pilgrimage centre, there is ample demand for milk around the year. Thus, dairy forms a strong support and employment base to rural and urban population of the district, which is the most important economic activity next to agriculture sector. Small and marginal farmers dominate Varansi district, which comprises around 94% of the total population. Majority of them have the land holding of less than 1 ha in size. The district has gained prominence over the decades in 39

55 the production of milk and with the ever-increasing demand for milk and milk products in the area, this district continues to remain an important source of milk supply. There are good numbers of milch animals in the district and the total milk production is estimated as 763 lakh litre per annum and 66 ml/person/day as against the national level of 247 ml/person/day. The dairy profile of Varansi district is given in Table 3.7. Table 3.7: Dairy Profile of Varansi District 1. Population of breedable Cross bred cows 15, Population of breedable Desi Cows 54, Population of breedable Buffaloes 72, Total Milk production (000 Ltrs) 76, Total Average yield (000 ltrs/day) Average (ml / person/ day) 66 Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development The total population of poultry in the district is approx 3.35 lakh. The estimated egg production in the district is 258 lakh eggs per year (Desi- 139 lakh & Improved- 119 lakh), which provides 8.0 eggs per person per annum as against the national level of 40 eggs per person per annum. There is a huge scope for development of poultry activity as meat and eggs are in short supply in the district and the requirement of the district is met by imports from A.P., Maharastra, Haryana and Jabalpur (M.P.) Sheep, goat and pig rearing are generally taken up by most of the farmers in the district for additional source of income. Due to population pressure and fragmentation of land holdings, agriculture alone cannot provide sufficient income for the farmers. Therefore, there is a good scope for rearing of livestock especially sheep, goat and pigs. They can be easily fed on farm waste and household waste. Goat rearing is traditionally done to meet both 40

56 milk and meet requirements of the people. The livestock are source of meat, skin, fibre, milk and manure and contribute as major source of livelihood for rural poor. The sheep breeds available in the region produce medium to coarse wool suitable for carpet weaving and it is consumed in the local carpet areas near Bhadhoi. Goats and pigs are prolific breeders and do not require much care compared to other livestock. The agro climatic conditions of the district are conductive to support this activity. Goat rearing has been more popular although pig and sheep rearing is also promise good scope in almost all blocks of the district, however, due to social taboo, this activity is not picking up. The total population of goats, sheep and pigs population is 95726, 15872, and 6561, respectively. The estimated annual meat production of the district is around 3.66-lakh kg, which provides 116 gms per person per annum as against the recommended level of 9 kg per person per annum. There are 8 sheep-breeding centre, 1 piggery-breeding centre and 1 ram centre in the district Fisheries play an important role in the economy of the district in augmenting food supply, generating employment in the rural areas and nutritional value of food. Although, agriculture is the most important sector in view of saturation in agriculture production, diversification of agriculture through allied activities like fish farming has become necessary. Main sources of fisheries in the district are rivers and perennial as well as seasonal water bodies. With a considerable good network of water bodies, the district offers immense scope for development of fisheries. As per information received from FFDA, there are 899 Gram Sabha ponds ( ha) and 122 private ponds (72.34 ha) in the district. There is no commercial hatchery in the district. There is one demonstration hatchery at Government fish farm at village Deendaspur, Arajiline block. However, it is not commercial operating. 41

57 Chapter-4 POTENTIALS, STRATEGIES AND VISION FOR FARM SECTOR Majority of the population in the district is rural and lacks knowledge regarding multiple cropping. So there is a need to have extension facilities for diversification to more lucrative cash crops. Among the total cropped area, the percent share of wheat and paddy is estimated to be 43.24% & 38.03%, respectively in the district Varansi. However, the share of other crops is estimated to be 20%. Paddy and wheat are predominantly cultivated in the irrigated areas. In some pockets sugarcane and potato are sown as commercial crops. The crop yield had been steadily increasing over the years. However, due to deficient rainfall during last three years the productivity of paddy, wheat and other major crops of the district have come down. It affected the productivity of paddy which came down to as low as Qt/ha in It clearly brings to light that there are problems with regard to irrigation during summer, because of which area expansion under kharif crop is different. Shortage of power supply during summer coupled with high water demand of kharif crops results in low area being sown under crop during summer. Crop diversification during summer can be an important alternative. In majority of cases the productivity of cereals and pulses is very low, in fact much lower than the potential. The scenario of kharif crop is rather poor. Due to large percentage of small and marginal farmers in the district, there is an urgent need for capital-intensive high income, high value activities particularly poultry, dairy and bee keeping need to be promoted. Vegetable production though leads to high productivity; it needs quick and assured market and calls for improving market infrastructure. 42

58 To sum up of constraints limiting the growth and productivity of agriculture in Varansi district are: 4.1. Soil and Land Related Constraints Deterioration of soil fertility The soil is sandy loam in texture. Poor Organic Carbon in the soil 4.2. Water Related Constraints Inadequate power supply resulting in inadequate water output. Poor application efficiency of irrigation water Inefficient water use practices for paddy cultivation Declining water table 4.3. Planting Material Related Constraints Low SRR of improved varieties in maize, wheat, pulses and vegetables 4.4. Constraints Related to Adoption of High Value Crops Poor post harvest handling and storage facilities Technology Related Constraints Lack of knowledge about scientific agronomic practices Insufficient extension staff for technology transfer. Lack of diagnostic plant clinics Infrastructure Related Constraints Markets lack pukka platforms and sheds Inadequate number of markets Lack of infrastructure for farmers training 43

59 Table 4.1: Strategy to achieve higher growth rate in crop sector in district Varansi Item Present trends / Potentials Constraints Strategy Wheat Paddy Maize Pulses Occupies maximum area i.e. 70 thousand hectares, yield in last year was t/ha Occupies 61 thousand hectare, yield very poor i.e t/ha. Occupies 8.3 thousand hectare, yield poor i.e t/ha, potential exist to take it to 2.0 t/ha. Total area in pulses is approx 9.0 thousand hectares. The productivity is low. The area is suitable for pulses and poor yields are due to poor SRR. There is a good scope to increase productivity of winter pulses pea and gram. Poor seed replacement rate Low and imbalanced fertilizer consumption Less use of farm mechanization Inadequate electricity for tube wells Poor SRR Poor water management Imbalanced fertilizer use Poor seed replacement rate Poor irrigation during summer Low fertilizer application Poor SRR and agronomic techniques Faster seed replacement with superior varieties, Balanced use of fertilizers Use of organic manures Use of agro service centre for timely sowing. Use of farm mechanization to reduce the cost. Electricity Power allocation Technology Transfer from KVKs / KGKs. Improve on farm water management i.e. adequate water or follow Ridge and furrow system of cultivation. Demonstration for transfer of crop production technology Promote INM New composite and hybrid varieties with high SRR. Appropriate on farm water management technologies Demonstration for transfer of crop production technology Use of INM Follow NFSM guidelines. Give subsidized seeds of improved varieties and demonstrate new technology. Adoption of improved package of cultivation practices. 44

60 Vegetables There is need to boost vegetable production to increase cash flow with the farm women. Inadequate availability of genetically improved varieties. Poor knowledge about healthy nursery raising Lack of marketing facilities for perishable produce. Lack of extension. Provide mini kits of high quality seeds particularly hybrids for nutritional kitchen garden. Train farmers for healthy nursery raising of tomato, capsicum, brinjal, chillis, cole crops and onion. Protected cultivation in low tunnels for advancing the crop season and to get higher returns Small and marginal farmers 94 % cultivators are small and marginal farmers. Farmers cannot practice mechanized framings or go for capital-intensive ventures. Establish Agri-service Centre for making available farm machinery on custom hiring. Provide capital subsidy support for vocations like Bee keeping and vegetable production Encourage diversification to dairy, fisheries and animal husbandry. Technolog y Disseminat ion Farmers training for high tech precision based farming continuously. Inadequate extension infrastructure and staff shortage Provide need based and location specific farmers training at block level. Create infrastructure for farmers training The Vision Planning at grass root level requires participation of stakeholders in identification of programmes to be implemented for improvements in performance of agriculture sector. PRA carried out in different blocks of Varansi district indicates the following interventions will help in improving the growth rate in this sector and thereby the income of the farmers. Improvement in irrigation facilities and systems. Availability of high quality planting material especially of vegetable crops. Support for pulses production for increasing area under pulses Increase in cold storage capacity for perishable crops. 45

61 Capital support for purchase of farm machinery or to make it available through cooperatives or Agro service centre. Strengthening of fodder seed production programme (green and dry round the year). Capital subsidy for taken up commercial dairy farming and creation of marketing infrastructure i.e. bulk milk chilling (BMC) plants. Financial assistance to farm women of small and marginal holdings to take up allied occupations such as bee keeping, vegetable growing, dairy and fisheries Creation of infrastructure for farmers training and dissemination of new technologies for crop production. Development of marketing infrastructure for crops as well as livestock sector Emphasize on better animal housing to improve their productivity Based on the existing resources and potentials, and the interventions under various programmes, the productivity of various crops can be increased and the gap between actual yield and the potential (Table 4.2) can be bridged. 46

62 Table 4.2: Productivity Targets in Crop Sector for District Varansi (q/ha) Commodity during XI th plans Productivity (q/ha) Present Potential Gap in productivity Percent annual growth to be achieved (%) Wheat Maize Gram Pea Paddy Jowar Arhar Bajra Mustard Urd (Source: Department of Agriculture, UP) To meet the food demand of increasing population, there is a strong need to change the production strategies accordingly. On the basis of the present and potential yield the productivity gap was calculated and presented in the above table. It will be mainly achieved through high quality seed and planting material, as well as timely supply of other inputs and balanced fertilizer application. The soil health is an acute problem, encouraging organic farming and addition of organic matter will sustain the increase in productivity. 47

63 Chapter 5 PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMMES IN CROP SECTOR So as to tap the existing potential both in crop sector and animal husbandry, there is a necessity to increase the allocation of funds to the ongoing schemes in different line departments, essentially because most of other central sector schemes in farm sector do not fully address block/ panchayat level needs and the available resources are thinly spread over large areas. However, there is a necessity to monitor and evaluate all the existing schemes/interventions and modify the annual plan for the agriculture sector accordingly. Such funds may be set apart for restructuring and assessment of new schemes on annual basis. As per existing farming situation in the State, there exists untapped potential both for increasing cropping intensity and productivity. With the programmes/ interventions proposed hereunder and support to existing schemes, it should be possible for the state to achieve the targets of the 6 percent annual growth rate in crop sector and 12 percent annual growth rate in livestock, dairy, poultry and fisheries sector. Various interventions/programmes proposed to be taken up in the district for this purpose are outlined as follows 48

64 I - AGRICULTURE A. SOIL MANAGEMENT AND LAND USE PROJET Deteriorating soil health is a serious problem in Varansi, not only the organic matter is low but also imbalance of major nutrients NPK and micronutrients have telling effect on crop yield, the following programme is suggested in project mode. The soils of entire region are poor in organic carbon. The large part of cow dung is being used for burning and not for farmyard manure. Under this programme three components are being proposed. I. Improving soil health through green manuring II. Demonstrating nutrient management through Integrated Nutrient Management System (INM) III. Promoting organic farming system In Varansi district the above three components are proposed to be run, the outlined budget of the same is given below: (i) Enrichment of Organic Carbon Content Using Green Manuring To make the productivity sustainable good soil health is very important. At present the organic carbon is very low in the soils of Varansi. Growing and incorporation of legumes, green manure is required. Daincha, sunhemp, cow pea can both fix nitrogen as well as add organic carbon. It is proposed the government may provide seed of green manures to 2.0 lakh farm holdings in a span of five years. Accordingly, 40,000 farm units will be covered each year. Each holding will be provided with green manure seeds worth Rs and government will bear a subsidy of Rs per holding. The seed grown by first 40,000 farm units in the first year will be purchased by the government for the distribution among the next farm unit in subsequent years. 49

65 (ii) Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) System Balanced use of plant nutrients is essential for sustainable intensification of agriculture. The goal of INM is to integrate the use of all natural and man made sources of plant nutrients, so as to increase crop productivity in an efficient manner. Ten demonstration trials of one forth hectare each will be conducted in every block and an amount of Rs per demonstration is needed. It is also proposed to provide an assistance for application of Rs 500 per ha as INM package to the farmers. A farmer will be given an assistance for a maximum of 2 ha area under pulses each season. The farmer once given assistance will not be entitled to get the assistance for the same land next year. Budget estimates for district are given in table 5.1. Table 5.1: Plan for Improving Soil Health (Rs. lakh) S.N. Item 1. Green manuring Supply of green manure seed Unit cost 40,000 farm units per Rs. 50/ farm unit Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total Integrated Plant Nutrient Rs / demonstration Support to pulse Rs 500 per ha, area covering under pulses 9000 ha Total

66 (iii) Establishment, Renovation and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories and Soil Health Card Programme a) Soil testing & fertilizer testing laboratories For sustainable production of Agri and horticultural crops in the state. It is prime need to maintain the soil health in terms of available macro and micronutrients in the soil. Therefore, every farmer must be aware about the soil fertility status of their farms viz, soil ph, organic carbon, E.C, major and micronutrients in the soil. This is only possible if the soil testing laboratories established at district level are well equipped with latest and ultra modern soil testing apparatus like Atomic soil testing analyzer etc. Henceforth, the farmers of the district may get quick and correct result of supplied soil samples. Therefore, upgrading and strengthening the soil-testing lab, is one of the important aspects, under the proposed programme. The purchasing of ultramodern soil testing equipments for accurate estimation and increasing the soil testing numbers in short period. Along with that repairs of unmanageable labs and furnishing also. The following budget provision is proposed to be made available at each laboratory located at district level. Table 5.2: Budget Estimates for Upgrading and Strengthening Of Soil Testing Laboratories (Rs. Lakh) S. No. Item Ist IInd IIIrd IVth Vth TOTAL (lakh) 1 Purchase of Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Macro & Micro nutrients) and allied equipments. 2 Furnishing, repairing and maintenance TOTAL

67 B. Adoption of Organic Farming System Farming has become a non-remunerative enterprise in general. It is still continuing due to Agriculture being a way of life, in majority of the cases. The above situation has developed on account of following: i. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers. ii. Development of high soil ph on account of heavy use of chemical fertilizers. iii. Soil and water pollution. iv. Deficiency of soil micronutrients. v. Loss of soil micro flora and fauna. vi. Higher cost of production due to high input cost. Therefore, Organic Farming is one of the sustainable and viable alternative to conventional farming system, because it improves the soil health, utilizes natural resources, farm waste, reduces air and water pollution and finally produces high quality end products, having longer shelf life. The demand for organic products is increasing at national and international level and the requirement of traceability in food products has become mandatory in European and other developed countries. The programme is proposed to be launched with 100% government support, so that soil health is restored and maintained. Financial support is proposed in Table 5.3. A Cluster of farmers will be registered for organic farming; the number of farmers in a cluster will depend upon size of their holdings. It is proposed to start organic farming systems covering an area of 500 ha in the district. The unit cost of establishing and training for organic farming system is given here under. Only in the second year of the project the organic farming system will be established but training will start from first year. The proposed area is in addition to the area already under organic farming under NHM. 52

68 Item Unit cost Total Cost Farmers Registration, On farm input management, Internal Control System (ICS), Online farm management, critical intervention, external inspection, certification Cluster of farms will be formed according to cropping patterns of the selected areas Rs per ha/ year irrespective of number of crops grown. This will involve on-farm input management, internal control system & certification. Rs. 35 Lakh Deliverables of the project: Increase in yield of major crops by 5 to 7 % in a span of 2 to 3 years. Reduction in the cost of production Complete recycling of Agri waste reduction in the carbon emission Improvement in animal health Improvement in soil organic carbon level Improvement in the soil microflora Normalization of ph Improvement in the availability of nutrient to the crops Ten to twenty percent water saving due to moisture conservation Reduction in the soil pollution, air, water pollution Safe food availability 53

69 C- WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION 1. EFFICIENT USE OF WATER RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT Since the availability of water supply is the major constraint in the district there is a dire need to promote water conservation and efficient on farm water management practices to improve the productivity per unit of water consumed. Under this programme the following components are being proposed. (i) Adoption and promotion of precision farming techniques through micro irrigation Micro irrigation system enhances irrigation and water use efficiency. It also helps to increase the fertilizer use efficiency. Being one of the main components of precision farming, it can be of great help for small and marginal farmers. Use of these techniques involves an expenditure of Rs. 40,000 per ha. It is proposed to cover 2000-hectare area for various crops in five years. Each year covering 400 ha area will be covered. It is proposed to give a subsidy of 50 % on the system. Provision has been made for 80 lakh per year and 400 lakh in five years (Table 5.4). It is proposed to cover this area in addition to area covered under National Horticulture Mission (NHM) or Central Sector Schemes under Precision Farming. (ii) Demonstration cum training of ridge and furrow system of paddy cultivation for increasing water use efficiency and eco-friendly cultivation Paddy is generally cultivated in puddled fields and is planted in standing water. Recently a new technique transplanting of paddy seedlings on both sides of ridges under non puddled conditions has been reported to have given good yield with only 50 percent quantity of water use along with efficient utilization of added plant nutrients and better micro-climate which reduces the incidence of pests and diseases. Also, this method improves the soil texture and soil health, with lesser pollution of ground water. The weeds problem under this technique can effectively be controlled with the use of new 54

70 herbicide(s) and with no residual effects on succeeding crops. In this method, bed planter is used for preparing ridges on well-prepared field. Three to four weeks old seedlings of paddy are transplanted on both sides of ridges, keeping a distance of fifteen centimeters between the seedlings, ten centimeter above the bottom of the furrow. Thus 33 seedlings per square metre will be maintained as in case of conventional transplanting. It is proposed to conduct demonstrations of this technology to convince the farmers that water can be saved in paddy cultivation without compromising with the yield. Each block will be provided with a bed planter for conducting demonstrations and a total sum of Rs. 30,000 will be spent on each training and ten trainings per block will be organized annually. The brief budget estimates for the proposed interventions to improve water use efficiency are given in Table 5.4. Table 5.4: Budget Estimate for Water Conservation and Water Use Efficiency (Rs. lakh) Unit Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Particulars Cost (Rs lakh) No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. Total Micro irrigation (Portable sprinkler system) [Additional Area over NHM other Central Sector Schemes] & Training Cum Demonstra tion of New Technolog y of Water Saving in Paddy Rs. 40,000 per ha with 50 % subsidy 400 ha ha ha ha ha Rs Total

71 (iii) Water Harvesting, Storage and Utilization for Irrigation Water plays an important role to increase the productivity of the crops. In dry land areas where water deficiency is the major problem hinders increase in the crop area coverage and productivity. Because in such areas under groundwater is not reachable and rain is also deficient. In such areas micro water shed is to be identified, developed and their proper utilization should be done as water harvesting, after proper storage water can be utilized for localized area irrigation which deprived so far. This will improve the income of localized pockets and checked the migration to cities and farm of areas. This scheme may be applied in dry land or semi-dry land areas where water table is too low. The main components are: Small water storage check dams with natural catchment s areas, which so far wasted on account of unhindered runoff. The provision of budget for this scheme will be as followed. S.No. Items Year Total 1 Identification of micro water shed, Construction of micro check dams and Irrigation channel or Underground pipes 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th TOTAL Deliverables of the project: Increase in cropping intensity by 15 percent. Thereby bringing 15 % increase in production Reduction in the usar area. Increase in productivity on account of water availability at critical junctures Increase in area under high value crops and profitability of small and marginal farmers. 56

72 Improvement in quality of produce Improvement in profitability in timing through proper sowing time D. SEED AND PLANTING MATERIAL The seed is the most crucial agriculture input for improving the production and productivity of crops. Better seed replacement ration coupled with proper seed treatment can largely contribute improving the yield of crops per unit area. Similarly availability of high quality planting material for horticulture crops can improve their productivity. The following interventions are proposed to be taken up under this programme: (i) Establishment of Seed Treatment and Demonstrations Units at Gram Panchayat Level for early and high germination rate to increase crop yield The concept of seed treatment is the use and application of biological and chemical agents that control or contain primary soil and seed borne infestations. The benefits of seed treatment are as follows: i. Increased germination ii. Ensures uniform seedling emergence, iii. Protect seeds or seedlings from early season diseases and insect pest improving crop emergence and its growth. iv. Improved plant population and thus higher productivity. Presently, 70% requirement of seed is met from the farmer s own stock which goes for sowing without seed treatment. The demonstrations and training on seed treatment will be provided at gram panchayats level, and each year 20 % gram panchayats in a district will be covered. The demonstrations will be conducted in one acre area and the farmers will be trained simultaneously on the techniques of seed treatment. The estimated cost is worked out in Table

73 Table 5.5: Budget estimates of Seed Treatment Demonstrations at Gram Panchayats Level S. N. Items 1. Seeds Cost One demonstration for each gram panchayat. 1/5 th gram panchayats will be covered each year. For 88 demonstration each of 0.4 ha 1 st Yea r Cost (Rs. Lakh) 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total (Rs. Lakh) Rs. 50 / Demo Do Seed treating Drums one for each gram panchayats 1/5 th of the gram panchayats will cover each year. Rs per drum Operational Charges/ demonstrati on Rs / demonstration TOTAL (ii) Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material for Improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) The major field and horticultural crops of the district are wheat, potato, maize, pulses, rice and vegetables, where replacement of seed and planting material can boost the production and productivity. This programme is required to be taken in a project mode. Except for hybrids in maize, rice and vegetable crops, the certified seed/ foundation seed stage-2 can be produced by the farmers. It is proposed that the farmer may get his crop inspected, so that instead of certified seed, 58

74 he is able to produce foundation seed stage-2. So as to meet the desired seed replacement requirement, the government may provide foundation seed to one fifth of the farmer every year. The seed produced by these farmers will be supplied to the next lot of farmers in subsequent years. To support nutritional kitchen garden as well as production of high value crops by small and marginal farmers, special emphasis is required to be given to provide high quality vegetable seeds to the farmers. Details of estimated budget outlay are proposed in Table 5.6. The major outcomes of this programme are likely to be increase in productivity by 10-15%. The other deliverables are: Quality seed and planting material will become available to the small and marginal farmers particularly of high value crops to boost their profitability. The seed borne diseases and insects can be controlled at a minimum cost by seed treatment and it is expected that farmers of all strata will be benefited and their income will be raised by %. High quality planting material will result in better quality of produce, thus higher returns to the farmers. 59

75 Table 5.6: Estimated cost of Programme on Making Available Quality Seed and Planting Material Crop Total Seed Required (q) Foundation seed required to produce the certified seed (q) Subsidy in cost to the farmers on foundation seed 1 st Year Cost (Rs. Lakh) 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Yr 5 th Year Total Cost (Rs. Lakh) Wheat 70,0000 Paddy Maize Pulses 8000 Vegetable s (open pollinated varieties) pea, 4000 beans, radish, turnip, okra, cucurbits. Vegetable s (small seeded hybrids) tomato, 1.0 capsicum, chillies, cole crops. 78 q each year 1/5 th area will be covered each year q each year 4000 (1/5 th seed will be replaced with composites) 800 q each year Composite (100%) 9 q, 1/5 th area will be covered each year 200 q, 1/5 th area will be covered each year Seed replacement every Rs Rs 1000/q Rs. Rs. 500 / kg (OP Rs per kg Total Note: Pulses and open pollinated vegetable seeds will be produced on farmers fields by the state seed corporation under the supervision of the seed testing authority. To the extent possible seed can be purchased from private seed company (holding them fully responsible for outcome) and distributed to the farmers on subsidized rates. 60

76 (iii) Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Oil- Seed for Improving Productivity In India imports heavily the cooking oil. In order to save the foreign exchange, increase the availability of cooking oil at reasonable price it is urgently required to improve the productivity of oil seed crop production. In most cases the oil seed crops like groundnut, mustard, rye are grown in arid/ semi-arid in areas. Use of fertilizer, particularly phosphatic fertilizer is very low. In case of mustard there is scope of introduction of hybrid seed to increase the productivity. Early stage mortality in case of mustard, is too heavy on account of lack of pest control. Keeping the above agronomical status in order to incentivise the farmers to increase the area of oil seed following schemes are suggested: Unit Incentives: S.No. Unit Amount 1 INM subsidy/ha 50% upto Max. Rs.1250/Ha 2 IPM 50% or upto Max. Rs. 750/Ha 3 Distribution of Portable sprinkler 50% or upto Max. Rs. 7500/2 Ha Varansi should Target: 10,000Ha of new oil seed area either in existing farmers field or at New farmers/ New pocket area. BUDGET: For District S.No. Particulars 1 INM/@1250/Ha (Lakh Rs.) 2 IPM/@Rs.750/Ha(Lakh Rs.) 3 Sprinkler Rs.7500(Lakh Rs.) Years/Area ,000Ha TOTAL (Lakh Rs.)

77 Those farmers who are already availing the benefit under NFSM scheme will not be entitled for additional incentives. (iv) Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity India in general and U.P in particularly needs to increase the availability of Pulses, as important nutrients contributor, increase in Cropping intensity and Profitability The Pulse crop additionally contribute availability level of Nitrogen as well as increase the soil organic carbon if residues are incorporated in the soil It is proposed to address the enhancement of area and yield for Pulses under NFSM norms. However, two different basis will have to adopted in the efforts. In existing Pulses pockets, farmers should be given target of putting 50% more area under pulses. Over the last record on increased area farmers should be provided incentive area farmers should be provided incentive as per NFSM norms In the pockets or farmers where Pulses are not taken incentive to pursue to opt for Pulses cultivation. Unit Incentives: S.No. Unit Amount 1 INM subsidy/ha 50% upto Max. Rs.1250/Ha 2 IPM 50% or upto Max. Rs. 750/Ha 3 Distribution of Portable sprinkler 50% or upto Max. Rs. 7500/Ha Varansi should Target: 5000Ha of new pulse area either in existing farmers field or at New farmers/ New pocket area 62

78 BUDGET: For District S.No. Particulars Years/Area Ha 1 INM/@1250/Ha IPM/@Rs.750/Ha Sprinkler Rs TOTAL Those farmers who are already availing the benefit under NFSM scheme will not be entitled for additional incentives. 63

79 E. TECHNOLOGY DISSEMINATION The extension structure of the state is deficient in staff as well as the present status of extension services in Uttar Pradesh is not based on information and communication technology. It is required that for reaching out every farm unit a new programme i.e. based on information and communication technology be adopted. The outline of the programme is given here under: (i) Customized Farmer Trainings and Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) In order to provide training to the farmers which are need based and location and weather specific as linked to marketing and timing of crops. It is proposed to set up integrated farmer training centres at block level. These centres will be used for organizing the trainings in crop production, safe and efficient use of agriculture machinery, efficient use of pesticides, dairy, animal health and allied agriculture occupations. For organizing the trainings for farmers of each block, it will cost Rs. 7.5 lakh per block per annum, and Rs lakh for five years (Table 5.9). This will take care of on farm extension activities for all blocks in the district. This will take care of on farm extension activities at block level. (ii) Establishment of Integrated Farmers Training Center (IFTC) at District Level The Agri-technologies are being upgraded all over the world constantly to optimize the production in the ever-changing climate. Significant improvements have taken place in varieties; seed technology, fertilizer use, better water management practices and efficient management of pest and diseases, but these have not yet reached the farmers. Therefore, there is a need to start integrated farm training centres where the farmers can be trained and demonstrated the latest technologies in all components of farming i.e. crop husbandry, dairy, animal breeding, poultry, fisheries and other ventures such as bee keeping, mushroom production, post harvest handling and marketing. This way transfer of technologies from lab to land can be executed at nominal cost. 64

80 Table 5.9: Budget estimates for farmers training at block level based on ICT, risk assessment and management Cost Component Unit Cost per block (Rs. lakh) Cost per district (Rs. lakh) 1 st Year Annual Cost (Rs. lakh) 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total (Rs. lakh) Man power cost 1. Block Executive District Executive T.A. & D.A Equipments 1. Weather recorder Computer with accessories 2 3. Video phone, GPS, etc Operational charges and replacements Total Training Units Components Crop husbandry Precision farming Natural resource management training Seed and planting material unit Crop protection unit Farm management and marketing unit Organic farming unit Post harvest management unit Animal husbandry Fisheries and poultry Dairy unit Cattle and livestock improvement unit Veterinary unit Fisheries unit Poultry unit Entrepreneurial ventures Bee keeping Mushroom production Home scale food preservation Sericulture 65

81 Infrastructure Following Infrastructure will be required at each training centre Hostel for training participants- 30 rooms with the facility to stay 4 persons per room. Halls for training- 4 numbers. Demonstration units- 50 numbers. Fifty staff quarters. Table 5.12: Budget Estimates for Integrated Farm Training Centre (IFTC) (Rs. Lakh) Items Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total Capital requirements * 100 * 100 * 800 Management & operational cost Total * Maintainance and up gradation cost of the training units The Integrated farm training centre will be setup in the existing Agriculture Deptt., Farm Trainees will be provided with subsidized lodging and boarding during their training period which is included in the proposed management budget. * Integrated farm training centre can be administered by dept. of agriculture wherever it can be accommodated at agriculture farm or may be established at KVK/KGK along with their trial and demonstration farm. (iii) Establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centre at Block Level With the advent of information technology and its application in nearly all-social and economical fields the rural population which is basically farming oriented is still not driving the benefits compared to the urban lot and other 66

82 economic sectors. Therefore it is proposed to establish agriculture knowledge and market information centre across the state in all the blocks. Varansi having 8 blocks and will cost Rs lakh. Table 5.10: Establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centre at Block Level Cost Component Cost District Cost (Rs. lakh) per block 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th (Rs. Year Year Year Year Year lakh) Total (Rs. lakh) Man power Equipment Kiosk (Touch screen) Operational charges and contingency Training demonstrations and Training of Agriculture /horticulture / soil conservation/ animal husbandry/ dairy deptt. / allied activities Total (iv) Knowledge Dissemination at Field Level by Subject Matter Specialist (SMS) Farmer currently, in general gets the knowledge from mouth publicity, in most of the cases such information may not have solid scientific base. The information which reaches to the farmers through such hear say basis is not reliable and correct. For adoption of upgraded technologies at farm level, farmer needs presence of subject matter specialist in the vicinity for periodical guidance, field visit, capacity building, who can realize the superiority of technology being adopted. It is therefore, proposed to create a wide spread network of subject matter specialists in all the districts of UP, to achieve fast dissemination of agriculture technologies at the field level. 67

83 It is proposed to place one subject matter specialist for two Nyaya Panchayats. The total expected budget for this programme is estimated as under: Unit cost: Salary: Rs per month TA and Mobile phone expenses- Rs 3500 Table 5.11: Budget estimates for Farmer Field Level Knowledge Dissemination Centre No. of SMS (one for two Nyaya panchayats) Financials for One year (Lakh) Financials for Five Years (Lakh) (v) Publication and Mass Campaign for Resources Development of Agri and Allied Sector using ICT The publication training and mass campaign system has a vital role in the overall development of agriculture and allied sector. However, present agriculture extension system is not designed to meet out the integrated requirement of the farmers. According to the multidimensional needs of the farmers, the publication awareness and mass campaign with the full support by training will provide an extra and latest information to the farmers in their respective fields as and when required. Therefore, to make timely available and proper use of printing materials and electronic media related to every modern technology can be passed on very quickly up to the grassroot level (learning by doing and seeing by doing ) and to cover every village of the entire district and state. Financial: Under the above mentioned project a provision has been made of Rs 2 crores for 5 years (XIth Five Year Plan) ie. 40 Lakh per annum. 68

84 (vi) Training cum demonstration of integrated pest management in major crops to decrease the pesticidal load in food chain Insects and diseases control based on chemical insecticides & fungicides has played havoc with soil health, environment and quality of food products in U.P. Following disadvantages have cropped up: Constant increase in the cost of pest control due to increase in the cost of pesticides. Resistance developed in pest & diseases requires repeated application and involves higher cost. Minor pests are becoming a major problem in certain situations. Heavy residue problems in Vegetables & other food products such as food grains, oil seeds, fruits, particularly mango, banana, bitter gourd, tomato, brinjal, okra, cabbage, cauliflower. Parasites & Predators have been killed Soil, Water, Air & Human and animal milk having high pesticide residues. In order to save the soil, sub-soil-water, air, humans and animals from this tragic situation, it is essential that Integrated Pest Management programme should be introduced at mass scale, particularly in cash crops described above. Introduction of Integrated Pest Management will include following steps: Farmers training Concept of IPM utility over chemical approach Cultural method Mechanical method Biological method & Physical Method Agronomical practices Time of sowing to reduce the incidence of Pests & diseases Mixed Cropping Border catch crop Mixed catch crop Usefulness of Bio-pesticides 69

85 Useful tool of Bio-pesticides like Beauria Basiana, Verticilium, Metarhizum, Trichoderma, Pseudomonas etc. Use of botanicals, like Neem and its various parts, karanj etc. Liquid herbal base insecticides like fermented cow dung + Cow urine + Leaves of Neem, Ipomea, etc. Use of other tools likes sex pheromones, light traps, trench method etc. It is proposed to go in for training cum demonstration of IPM technology on the farmer fields and following financial norms may be adopted: Four training cum demonstrations per block are suggested in one year, which cost Rs. 20,000 per training and Rs. 5,000 for inputs. For demonstration minimum size of area should be half of an acre. Table 5.22: Training Cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management Item Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total No Training cum Demonstration of IPM Rs per taining Inputs for IPM training No Rs Total Cost (vii) Training and Demonstration Weed Management in Majors Crops to Reduce the Yield Loss The association of weed with the crops is well known because weeds compete with the crops for various growth factors like light, space, nutrients, moisture etc. The competition of weeds reduces the crop yield from 15 to 25 percent depending upon the type of weed flora, its intensity and duration of competition. The introduction of dwarf genotypes with the high inputs uses like fertilizers and irrigation requirements has further aggravated the weeds problems. 70

86 The project will consist of training and demonstrations on chemical weed control in major crops of the region. Table 5.7: Budget estimate for weed management in major crops (lakh) Item Unit No. of units Cost per year Total cost cost Demonstrations per block No Cost Training per block No Cost Total (viii) Farmers Training for Seed Production at Krishi Vigyan Kendra KVK/ KGK is very prestigious unit in the district, which provides latest production technology to the farmers by different ways. To provide latest information and training to the farmers, it is necessary that KVK/ KGK must be up to date. Therefore, farmers may get their utilization, advisement and to applied latest techniques at their own farms. Therefore, strengthening of KVK/ KGK located in the state under present situation is important to increase the productivity of state in agriculture sector. The following budget provision has been made for strengthening the KVK/KGK in the district under the anticipated scheme during XIth Five Year Plan. 71

87 Table 5.8: Budget estimate Strengthening of Krishi Vigyan Kendra/ Krishi Gyan Kendra (in Lakh) S.No. Items Year 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Total Strengthening of lodging and boarding facilities for farmers Upgradation of audio visual facilities & Generator/Inverter Organization of trainings TOTAL (ix) Farmers Study Tour within and outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture In order to induce competitive instinct in the minds of farmers of lesserdeveloped areas, it is essential to expose them to well develop pockets of U.P. at first stage. These visits will strengthen the confidence of farmers in new technologies and see the practical adoption of new technologies. Personal interaction and listening to success stories from horses mouth will change the mind set and to adjust the changes in their own package of practices. In Varansi the progressive farmers should be included in the proposed study tour. Various agriculture segments for improvement can be selected like: Fish culture visit from West to East U.P, Higher production of potato from all over up to Kannauj/ Sitapur/ Agra, better mechanization of farms in West U.P from all over U.P. Additionally farmers could also visit other states like:- Maharashtra & Valsad (Gujarat) to see the oranges, mango cultivation, Nasik for grapes, onion, Stara for ginger cultivation, Dairy- Haryana/ Punjab/ Gujarat 72

88 Budget: Budget for study tour in U.P- 250 farmers/ block twice a year i.e.,2500 farmers/ Block in 5 years Boarding Cost of each visit Rs. 400/ farmer including Transportation & Lodging/ Total Budget/Block - Rs. 10 lakh / Block/ 5 Yrs i. Total cost for the district with 8 blocks (Varansi): Rs. 80 lakh for 5 years Out of State Study Tour 50 Rs. 50,000/ per visit inclusive of transport, lodging & boarding expenses Total Budget- Grand Total Rs. 20 Lakh/ Block/ 5Yrs Rs. 50,000/ Block/ Yr& Rs 2.50Lakh/ Block/ Yr ii. Total cost for the district with 8 blocks (Varansi): Rs 100 lakh for 5 years A major constraint in increasing the production and productivity is poor transfer of technology to the farmers as well as very few on farm trials. The present programmes on technology dissemination ensure that latest technology reaches to the farmers. This herculin task will be possible through application of information and communication technology. It is expected that farmers profitability will atleast be enhanced by 25%, simply by adopting latest techniques and technologies in crop sector The global vision of farmers regarding modern agriculture will be developed. The farmer will access to market information and latest know how. The demonstrations on farmers fields will not only directly result in higher production, but will trigger a chain reaction in adopting new technologies by others. The heavy investment in research and education will be translated into real production. 73

89 F. FARM MACHINERY Farm mechanization plays a very vital role in timely and precision performers of different farm operations. In areas of intensive agriculture i.e. where two or more than two crops are taken in a year a use of machinery can greatly enhance the productivity by timely performers of various agricultural operations and thereby improving the input use efficiency. However, this is the most capital-intensive agricultural input. The various interventions proposed are as follows: (i) Establishment of farm mechanization centers at Panchayat Level to Minimize the Energy loss of Human resources Interaction with village panchayats in the district revealed that there was need to make available farm machinery to small and marginal farmers. However, they cannot afford to purchase costly farm machinery, as it will not be economical for their smallholdings. Further lack of farm machinery at small farms brings drudgery on farmwomen. So the village level cooperative societies or farmers clubs, or entrepreneur should be encouraged to purchase the machinery which may be 50% of the cost and this should be made available to the farmers on custom hiring basis. S. No. cost (Rs lakh) 1 Bed Planter Zero seed Drill Seed cum fertilizer drill Rotavator Ridger Tractor 4.5 Total 6.5 There are 108 Nyaya Panchayats in district Varansi, it is proposed to provide one set of equipment to each Nyaya Panchayat, which will cost about Rs. 6.5 lakh per set. A total of 108 Nyaya Panchayats will be covered in five years. 74

90 Table 5.23: Estimate for establishment of Agro-Service Centre at Nyaya Panchayat Item 1 Set of Farm Machinery Year Year Year 3 rd Year 4 th 1 st 2 nd Year 5 th Total (Rs. lakh) Total Deliverables of the project: Will help in mechanization of small and marginal farms at marginal rent Reduce drudgery on women Will make crop sowing at optimum soil moisture possible on large tract Increase efficiency and thus profitability of farm sector. 75

91 II HORTICULTURE A. PROGRAMME FOR SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT (i) Promotion of Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops under Low Tunnels for Early Production of Vegetables Majority of farmers in the Varansi district are small and marginal, their holdings are uneconomical, if provided with capital support and know how, and they can compliment production of cucurbits out of main season in protected structure like low tunnels. The cost of material for structure of low tunnel including plastic for one ha is Rs. 50,000. Small and marginal farmers have very small holding and it is expected that not more than 500 sq mt area will be put under plastic tunnel at one time. Accordingly, the government should support 50 % cost of 500 sq mt per farm unit i.e. Rs Every year 1400 farm units will be covered and by the end of 5 years 7000 farm units will be covered. Objectives: To start early crop of vegetables when the season is still cool. To help off-season production of vegetables for higher profits. This technology will improve the productivity and increase cash flow to the farm women. Insect pest and disease management can be done more effectively. Vegetable being high value crops, a better protection from weather conditions ensures crop safety and safeguards against crop failures. Higher vegetable production leads to better nutritional security. Use of low tunnels for raising nurseries of winter vegetables under protection ensures production of quality planting materials and safeguard of expensive hybrid seed. 76

92 Table 5.13: Budget estimates for protected cultivation of high value crops (low tunnels) (Rs. lakh) Items Unit Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total Farm units to be covered each year Cost to be borne by the government per farm unit Rs Total (ii) Demonstration and Supply of Healthy Nursery Raising in Vegetable Crops Vegetable crops including onion, cole crops, capsicum, chillies, tomato and brinjal are raised through nursery. All these crops are high value and highly productive. They suit to small and marginal farmers and especially it is the women who take care of vegetable production. Healthy nursery of these vegetables ensures the success of vegetables production venture. It is therefore purposed to train the farmers on the practices of raising healthy nursery. Objectives To raise healthy nursery of the high value crops through high quality seed to ensure crop success. To provide quality-planting material of costly seeds i.e. hybrids. To boost the income of small and marginal farmers. To increase cash flow to farmwomen through raising quality nursery of vegetables crop for own use and for sale to other farmers. Technology Small beds of 3 meter X 1 meter are made, these are raised by 10 cm. 77

93 Well rotten FYM or vermicompost is added to each belt. The belts are drench with formalin solution by 1 part formalin: 7 part water. After doing so the beds are covered with polythene sheets and left as such for one week, so that, formalin fumes get deep in to the soil and it is sterilized properly. The covering with polythene also provides solar sterilization to soil. After one week the polythene is removed and the soil is raked a number of times for atleast one week, so that, formalin fumes are completely driven out. As a check, a handful of soil is taken out from the bed and smelled to feel if there are any fumes of formalin smell left in the soil. Just in case, if the soil still smells of formalin it should be left for another two- three days and further raking of soil may be done. Normally, it takes 2-3 weeks time to prepare the nursery bed and sterilized them for sowing of seeds. Therefore, bed preparation programme should be started atleast three weeks in advance of actually planting the seeds in nursery beds. Since the vegetables seeds particularly hybrids are very costly healthy nursery is very important. Further, it should be board in mind that the seeds are sown in line and it should not be congested. If required low plastic tunnels can be provided to grow valuable nursery cover. The cost of raising ten nursery beds each of 1m x 3m diameter is given here under; Cost of inputs i.e. hybrid/op seeds, formalin, FYM, vermicompost, fertilizers, polythene sheets, polytunnels..rs Fifty man days for preparation of beds and nursery raising for one month..rs Total: Rs. 10,000 It is proposed to carry out 10 demonstrations per block per year i.e. 5 in the summer vegetables and 5 for cool seasons vegetables. 78

94 Item Unit cost No. of units Cost per year Total cost Rs 10 No. of 10,000 Demonstr demons (including ations per tration seed block cost) Total Cost (iii) Development of Nutritional Kitchen Garden for Balanced Nutrition at Village Level and Involvement of women in Horticulture Rural people particularly women and children suffer from lack of vitamins and minerals. Nutrition garden can play an important role to solve this problem, besides this, nutritional garden also help economy. On an average eight-member family will require 2.4 kg vegetables and 800 g fruits per day. This production can be obtained from 500 sq mt area. Twenty villages from each block of the district will be selected and one kitchen garden will be laid out in each village each year. They will be provided with input and training to raise the kitchen garden. Besides, the seed mini kits of summer and winters vegetables and three fruit trees (Amrapali, guvava, banana, citrus/papaya) will be distributed to each unit. Budget estimates are given in Table

95 Table 5.14: Budget Estimates for Kitchen Garden in Varansi (Rs Lakh) Item Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total Demonstratio No n of Rs. Nutritional 5000 Kitchen including Garden inputs Distribution of Seed Kits No ,000 Rs. 50 for summer Rs. 50 for winter Fruit plants No ,000 (including carriage and Rs. planting) Total Cost DELIVERABLES i. It will boost vegetable production particularly of tomato, capsicum, chillies, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage, knol khol, and onion. ii. Lower the cost of production due to less disease attack. iii. Help to produce safe vegetables free of pesticides. iv. Increase farmer profitability. v. Encourage women to produce and sell vegetable nursery of high quality. vi. It will spots nutritional kitchen garden, it will provide high quality planting material of recommended and hybrid vegetables to small and marginal farmers. B. ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES (i) Promotion of Commercial Floriculture in Varansi District There is a good scope for development of floriculture in the Varansi district as there are ready markets for cut flowers such as Gladiolus, Roses, Marigold and Tuberoses. 80

96 Commercial floriculture is very beneficial for the areas particularly located near to Metros. Establishing ventures in commercial floriculture is capital intensive and farmers need financial support for such a innovative project. Cost component of the project should be supported under the proposed scheme and as per detail given in Table Table 5.21: Budget estimates in the promotion of commercial floriculture Item Making available noble varieties of Gladiolus Corms (Support subsidy of rs. 200/100 corms),tuberoses bulbs(support subsidy of rs. 100/100 bulbs), Bulb/Corms Store house (with 50 % subsidy) Pack house (with 50 % subsidy) Per unit Requireme nt of Corms/Bul bs(one unit-2000 sq. m) 3000 (2000 Gladious and 1000 Tuberoses) with a spacing of 30x20 cms No. of Units 10 unit per block each for 3 year 10 unit per block 10 unit per block Unit cost (in lacs) Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Rs. (Lakh) Total (ii) Incentive for Establishing Backyard Mushroom Units Uttar Pradesh being an agricultural state, over 65% of the population lives in villages and depends upon agriculture. The land holdings are small. The farmers are generally small and marginal. Most of the farmers are not getting good returns from agriculture and want to adopt other agriculture related activities to enhance their income. Hence adoption of Dairy farming, sericulture, fishery, floriculture, Mushroom and Bee-keeping avocations are the need of the hour. Mushroom cultivation requires no land and can be grown 81

97 in the houses / small huts. This crop is of short duration and does not pose marketing problem. Mushrooms have been valued throughout the world both as food and medicine. They are a rich source of nutrition and form a major chunk of health foods. Fat content in mushrooms is low compared to other foods. The fatty fraction consists predominantly of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid. They are the perfect food for maintaining a healthy heart and cardiovascular system. The two most commonly grown species of mushroom in India are white Button mushroom and Oyster mushroom. Cultivation of common white button mushroom can be done in temperatures varying from C. The other mushroom Pleurotus commonly known as Dhingri can be cultivated within a range of 20 0 C to 30 0 C. temperatures. Materials Required Material required for Pleurotus: Wheat/Paddy Straw, plastic sheet, drum, polythene bags, spawn, sprayer, gunny bags, chemicals etc. Material required for button mushroom: Wheat/Paddy Straw, Chicken manure, urea, gypsum, farm yard manure, sheet, polythene bags, spawn, sprayer, gunny bags etc. Benefits of mushroom production: The problem of the unemployment for rural youth and others could be considerably reduced by involving the unemployed youth in Mushroom cultivation. The Mushroom can be successfully grown in small houses and requires no separate land. Mushroom cultivation does not require full time labour and family members can look after different operations easily 82

98 Domestic market is readily available for sale of mushroom; hence no risk is involved. The agricultural waste material like wheat/paddy straw etc can be utilized for the cultivation. The spent mushroom substrate can be used as organic manure in the field for all the crops. ECONOMICS: White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) a) Infrastructure/equipment/materials: Cost of thatched shed having two rooms of 15 x15 with 6 bamboo racks is Rs b) Operational Costs (for one season) Cost of compost (including raw material) : Rs. 10, Cost of polythene bags for cultivation : Rs Cost of Spawn : Rs Water, electricity etc. : Rs Miscellaneous (Labour charges, chemicals etc.) : Rs Cost of casing material : Rs Total : Rs. 15, One room with 6 racks has capacity of 3000 kg compost: Total yield from one room : 450 kg Total yield from both the rooms : 900 Kg Cost of mushroom/ kg : Rs. 60 Sale price of 900 kg mushroom : Rs.54,000 Net Benefit 54,000-15,100 = Rs. 38,900 (say Rs.40,000) In plains two crops of button mushroom can be grown from September to March. Since the operational expense is Rs 15,000 and with 50 % subsidy a sum of Rs. 7,500 is proposed to be given to each unit. It is proposed to cover 15 farmers per block. 83

99 Table 5.16: Budget Estimates for Incentive for Backyard Mushroom Unit Item Mushroom Hut Running Cost (Raw Material) Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Rs. (Lakh) No Rs. Rs , 25% subsidy Rs , 50% subsidy Total (iii) Promotion of Bee Keeping There is a need for installation of Comb foundation mills for sheet production, for this an amount of Rs. 45 lakh and operational charges at Rs. 5 lakh per year will be made available. The basic sheet of comb production will be made by cooperative societies. Budget Estimate for Small and marginal Farmers (Rs lakh) Item Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total 1. Protected cultivation of High value crops (low tunnel) 2. Nutritional Gardens Bee Keeping Total

100 C. COMMERCIAL FRUITS (i) Promotion of Rejuvenation of Senile, Old and Unproductive Orchards of Mango and Guava. India is the largest producer of the mango in the world accounting over 40.1% of total world production. Maximum area, among fruits in Uttar Pradesh is under mango and guava. Survey of state has shown that quite a good percentage approx 30-40% of orchards are unproductive. India s productivity is quite low (6.2 tons/ha) compared to Brazil, Mexico and Egypt. Therefore, rejuvenation of such orchards is required on priority to increase productivity, export competitiveness and to take advantage of global opportunities. The technology of rejuvenation of both Mango and Guava is given below: i. Mango Rejuvenation of mango gives a new productive life of years. Like other fruit crops, mango trees also witness decline in productivity after certain age and orcharding becomes unviable. The technology of rejuvenation has been worked out and demonstrated by CISH, Lucknow. The technology aims at pruning of undesired branches for inducing development of umbrella like open canopy of healthy shoots which ensures better light penetration and improves flowering and fruiting potential. Pruned trees attain canopy of healthy shoots in two years time and in three years onwards they start bearing fruits. The technology involves pruning of undesired branches from a height of 4-5 meters from ground during month of December. Four to five medium sized branches with outward growth are retained for basic frame work of tree for the development of canopy. Other criss cross intermingling, dried and diseased branches are marked for complete removal, which is also done in month of December. Branches for canopy development are pruned at a distance of about 75 cm at their base. Immediately after pruning, fungicidal paste should be applied on cut surfaces to check microbial growth. 85

101 It was observed that alternative row pruning is much more acceptable to growers as there is less economic loss and the availability of better light to unpruned adjacent rows, greatly increases their fruiting potential. Apart from this, pruned trees are to be provided intensive care of nutrition, irrigation and management of insect, pests and diseases. Five to six months after pruning, outwardly growing 8-10 healthy shoots need to be retained per branch. This operation is done during June to August. If the orchard is of inferior variety, then the branches (new shoots) can be grafted with improved variety which is called as top working. Total cost involved for rejuvenation per tree is Rs. 133 to 160. Pruned trees have been found to have 2-3 times higher average yield than the control plot in which pruning was not done. Assistance under NHM This activity has been adopted by National Horticulture Mission and assistance norms are 50% of the estimated cost of Rs. 30,000/ha subject to a maximum of Rs. 15,000/ha limited to 2 hectares per beneficiary. Financial Assistance under the proposed Programme Financial assistance for cultivation of rejuvenation of senile, old and unproductive orchards under the proposed programme, will be given as per NHM norms which are given above. Additional programme, other than proposed under NHM can be taken up depending upon the requirement of the district. Table 19: Budget estimates rejuvenation of senile, old and unproductive orchards of mango Item Unit cost Area covere d Year Year Year Year Year Rs. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th (Lakh) Rejuvenation of Mango Rs. 30,000 required, 50% subsidy 95ha; 19ha/y ear Total

102 (ii) Programme for High Density Planting of Mango and Guava Although India is the largest producer of Mango and guava, however yields are very poor varying from 6.2 tons/ha in mango and 11.0 ton/ha in guava. The main reasons for low yields are wide spacing, low penetration of improved varieties and poor management practices. Even countries like Brazil, Mexico and Egypt harvest yields up to 9.2 tons/ha to 16.0 tons/ha in mango. It is a common practice to plant mango at a spacing of 10m 10 m and guava at a spacing of 8m 8m between rows and between plants within rows. With the wider spacing it takes 7-10 years to fill the space between plants. Thus there is tremendous scope for increasing orchard productivity by increasing planting density. Along with high planting density, early height control with and canopy management are essential to control vegetative growth and to achieve desired results. Research work on high planting density in mango at GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant nagar and on Guava at Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture at Lucknow has given very encouraging results. Even in countries like Israel and South Africa, tree size control by topping, hedging combined with high density planting are commonly adopted. a) Mango: Planting density of 2.5 m 2.5 m, 2.5m 5.0m and 5.0m 5.0m were investigated at GBPAUT, Pantnagar in both Dashehari and Amrapali varieties. Yields up to 20 tonnes in Amrapali and 25 tonnes per hectare in Dashehari were obtained with highest planting density. For commercial application planting densities of 5.0m 3.0 m for Amrapali and 5.0m 5.0m for Dashehari can be easily adopted. Such planting densities can easily result in the yield of tons/ha in fully grown orchards. b) Guava: For Guava, researches conducted at Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture at Lucknow have found that a spacing of 6.0m 3.0m has been found most favorable. Yields of the order of tons/ha can be easily obtained in Allahabad Safeda variety. 87

103 HIGH DENSITY PLANTING S.No Crop Spacing Planting Density/ ha 1 MANGO Amrapali 5.0m 3.0 m 666 Dashehari 5.0m 5.0m GUAVA Allahabad Safeda 6.0m 3.0m 555 Assistance norms under NHM High density planting is also being advocated under NHM with an estimated cost of Rs. 75,000 and assistance is proposed 75% of the cost i.e. Rs Financial Assistance under the proposed Programme Financial assistance for cultivation of high density planting under the proposed programme, will be given as per NHM norms which are given above. Additional programme, other than proposed under NHM can be taken up depending upon the requirement of the district. Table 18: Budget estimates for high density planting in mango fruit crops Item Unit cost Area covered 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Rs. (Lakh) Cultivatio n of Mango Rs. Rs , 75% subsidy 95 ha; 19 ha/year Total

104 III- POST HARVEST AND AGRICULTURE MARKETING 1. DEVELOPMENT OF FACILITIES FOR MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE For value addition to the agriculture produce as well as to reduce the post harvest losses there is a need to improve the marketing infrastructure both for the field and horticultural crops. This will not only help in improving the income of the farmers but will also help in improving the shelf life of horticultural produce. (i) Improvement and creation of new market facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce In order to provide Marketing facilities, there is a need to offer proper marketing infrastructure so that farmers can market their produce at optimum rates. Further to save the farmer from clutches of local dealers, compelling him for distress sale, it is proposed to provide proper market infrastructure, so that he may sell his produce in a distant market at appropriate prices. Each Market Centre should have an area of 1-2 acres with following facilities. Raised platform (Puckka) - 2 Nos. Sheds over puckka platform- 2 Nos. Office for Market Centre Incharge Parking plakhe for Tractor trolleys Shed with animal feeding structure & drinking provision Budget: 1. Two puckka platform with shed cost- Rs 10 lakh 2. One parking & animal rest cum feed structure- Rs 5 lakh 3. Office/ Boundary wall farmers sitting shed- Rs 5 lakh 4. Farmers resting shed- Rs 5 lakh A total budget of Rs 25 lakh will be needed for establishing one market for sale of Agri produce. Land and financials may be provided by Mandi Board. 89

105 Deliverables Improvement in Market infrastructure will facilitate following 1. Increase in the procurement of Agri produce 2. Reduce the exploitation of farmers 3. Reduce losses in the unorganized storage facility of farmers 4. Better price realization to the farmers (ii) Value addition to Horticultural Produce through establishment of Grading and Packaging Houses Improper post harvest handling and storage of horticultural produce results in 40% loss in India. Besides causing heavy losses to the farmers, the quality of the produce is also impaired and the self life is decreased. So as to increase farmer profitability, it is proposed that two grading and packing houses be provided in the district, with following budget provision. Table 5.19: Estimates for Providing Grading and Pack Houses for Horticultural Produce S. No. Item Unit Cost Total (Rs lakh) 1 Cooling and washing Rs 10.0 each 20 2 Grading Machines with conveyer Rs 20 each 40 3 Pack Rs 10 each 20 4 Operational Rs 2 per year per unit 20 Total

106 S. No. I. AGRICULTURE A Chapter - 6 SUMMARY CROP SECTOR Name of Programme Soil Management and Land Use Project i. Enrichment of Organic Carbon Content Using Green Manuring ii. Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management System (INM) iii. Establishment, Renovation and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories and Soil Health Card Programme Estimated Budget (Lakh) a) Soil testing & fertilizer testing laboratories 47.0 B Adoption of Organic Farming System C. Water & Soil conservation 1 Efficient Use Water Resources and Management i. Adoption and promotion of precision farming techniques through micro irrigation ii. Demonstration cum training of ridge and furrow system of paddy cultivation for increasing water use efficiency and ecofriendly cultivation iii. Water Harvesting, Storage and Utilization for Irrigation 100 D Seed and Planting Material i. Establishment of Seed Treatment and Demonstrations Units at Gram Panchayats Level for early and high germination rate to increase crop yield ii. Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material for Improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) iii. Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Oilseeds for Improving Productivity

107 E G II. A iv. Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity Technology Dissemination i. Customized Farmer Trainings and Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT ii. Establishment of Integrated Farmers Training Center (IFTC) at District Level iii. Establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centres iv. Knowledge Dissemination at Field Level by Subject Matter Specialist (SMS) v. Publication and Mass Campaign for resource development of agri and allied sector using ICT vi. Training Cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management In Major Crops to Decrease the Pesticide Load in Food Chain vii. Training and Demonstrations of Weed Management in Major Crop to Reduce the Yield Loss viii. Farmers Training for Seed Production at Krishi Vigyan Kendra ix. Farmers Study Tour within and outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture Farm Mechanization i. Establishment of farm mechanization centers at Panchayat Level to Minimize the Energy loss of Human resources HORTICULTURE Programme for Small and marginal farmers and women Empowerment i. Promotion of Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops under Low Tunnels for Early Production of Vegetables ii. Demonstration and Supply of Healthy Nursery Raising in Vegetable Crops iii. Development of Nutritional Kitchen Garden for Balanced Nutrition at Village Level and Involvement of women in Horticulture

108 Entrepreneur Development Programmes B C. III. 1 i. Development of Commercial floriculture ii. Incentive for Backyard Mushroom Cultivation iii. Promotion of Bee Keeping for Honey Production and Processing for Price Realization Commercial Fruits i. Promotion of Rejuvenation of Senile, Old and Unproductive Orchads of Mango and Guava ii. Programme for High Density Planting of Mango and Guava POST HARVEST & AGRICULTURE MARKETING Development of Facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce i. Improvement and creating of new market facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce ii. Value addition to Horticultural Produce through establishment of Grading and Packaging Houses Sub Total

109 Chapter 7 PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMMES IN LIVESTOCK SECTOR The livestock sector is an important sector of agricultural economy of the State and accounts for about one forth of the net State Domestic Product. The opportunities in improving the performance of this sector are much more as compared to crop sector as the farmers are already practicing dairy and backyard poultry to supplement their income. In view of the large population of the milch animal in the district, a small improvement in their productivity can make a substantial contribution in improving the growth rate of this sector. The target growth rate of 12% during the XI th five year plan is achievable with appropriate allocation of resources for development of this sector. A - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY To increase the productivity in animal sector the major contribution rests on the genetic upgradation of livestock. So far as Dairy Development is concerned, induction of additional milch animals and transforming the backyard dairy units into commercial dairy farms with minimum ten animals is required. Farmers training for better herd and milk management need to be done through latest techniques and farm practices. (i) Programme for year round production of Green Fodder to Provide Balanced Nutrition to Cattle It has been realized that seed is the most limiting factor in fodder production. The fodder crops being very shy seedsetter, sufficient quantity of good quality seed is not available. In the present situation, the cost of berseem seed is taken as Rs. 100 /kg and 20 kg seed will be needed for one hectare. Accordingly following norms for fodder seed production and seed acquisition by the government for further distribution be followed. Berseem seed may be distributed to registered farmers having mixed 94

110 farming 4 kg / farmer costing Rs 400. Two hundred farmers per block will be covered each year with 50 % subsidy. The cost to be borne by the government is Rs. 40,000 per block per year (Table 7.1). Table 7.1: Incentive for fodder Seed Production Item Unit cost No. of units (50% subsidy) 1 st year Cost per year 2 nd year 3 rd year (Rs. Lakh) 4 th year 5 th year Total cost Distribution of barseem seed Rs 400/ Rs 40,000 per block per year No Cost Total Deliverables: It will support the dairy farming in the district Farmers will incentives to produce their own seed It will improve the soil fertility It is self-sustaining scheme and the seed of green fodder will remain available even after the termination of the scheme. (ii) Strengthening of Artificial Insemination Centres For genetic upgradation of milch and other cattle, it is proposed that Artificial Insemination (AI) centres be upgraded, particularly for storage under liquid nitrogen and other facilities. For this an amount of Rs 30 lakh be provided to Varansi. 95

111 Table 7.2: Budget estimates for Strengthening of AI Centres Item Unit cost 1 st year Cost per year 2 nd year 3 rd year 4 th year 5 th year Total cost Facilities for storage under liquid nitrogen and replacement and repair of other equipments Rs 30 lakh No Total 30.0 (iii) Improvement of Cattle (Cow and Buffalo) The average milk production per milch cattle and per capita milk availability is substantially low inspite of largest no. of cattle in India among the various states. One of the contributing factors for the above state affair is lower level of breed improvement. Instead of going for breeds like Jersey, and replacing the existing cattle genetically material, it is advisable to optimize the yield by sustained breed improvement by using, incase of cow, Red Sindhi/Sahiwal and Murrah breed in case of buffalo. Minimum no. of he-bulls/buffaloes need to be provided to each veterinary hospital for breed improvement. The capital investment for the suggested incorporation will vary from district to district depending upon the no. of veterinary hospital breeding facilities available. However, general basis of budget calculation is being provided here under: 96

112 Table 7.3: Budget estimates for establishment of new cattle breeding centers (Rs. lakh) S. No. Item* 1 Red Sindhi- 2 number and and Sahiwal -2 Number 2 He buffalo-2 No.-(Murrah) Operational charges Unit Cost Total animal purchase cost (Lakh Rs.) Year wise cost (Lakh Rs.) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Total (Lakh Rs.) 30, , TOTAL The scheme will be handled by animal husbandry through their veterinary hospitals. The scheme would be introduced in priority basis on those districts where cattle population, supportive dairy development is fairly good. (iv) Poultry Development There are estimated poultry birds in the district. There is huge potential to develop poultry sector. Small poultry units need to be encouraged to help small and marginal farmers. Table 7.5: Unit cost to encourage poultry Activity Unit Size (Nos.) No. of Units Financial outlay (Rs lakh) Govt. Subsidy Govt. Expenditure (Rs lakh) Commercial Layer % Commercial Broiler %

113 Table 7.5.1: Budget estimates to promote poultry sector Item Number and Cost of Units Year wise to Government (Rs Lakh) Commercial Layer Commercial Broiler Poultry units (No.) Subsidy cost Poultry units (No.) 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total Subsidy cost Total (v) Improvement in Goat Breed It is proposed to provide 220 goats to the district. Unit cost per goat S.No. Item* Unit Cost Yearwise cost (Lakh Rs.) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Total (Lakh Rs.) 1 2 Goat 15, TOTAL (lakh Rs.) (vi) Development of Goat and Piggery Rearing of goats and pigs is quite common in all the blocks of district. There is a need for promoting commercial goat and piggery units. To support this commercial activity of local breed of goat particularly Gamunapari & Barberi breeding programme will be launch. A plan to promote goat rearing and piggery is given below in Table 7.6: 98

114 Table 7.6: Budget for Goat and Piggery Development Activity Goat Rearing (20+1) Piggery (5+1) Unit Cost (Rs) No. of Units Total Cost Govt. 20% cost (Rs lakh) Total Table 7.6.1: Budget Estimate for Promotion of Goat and Piggery Item 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total (Rs lakh) Goat and Piggery (vii) Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System Indian cattle industry is an integral part of Indian agriculture and contributes to the well being of its people. Population estimates show that India will have to provide food for 1.5 billion people in In addition to this, India has an equal percentage of livestock population. Livestock disease Surveillance It is recognizing that veterinary diseases pose a significant threat both to the animals and human beings. Livelihood of millions of farmers is dependent on health of livestock. Besides, animal diseases have become a serious threat for contamination of human food chain. Entire farm economics can run into huge losses due to emergence of diseases such as foot and mouth, rinder pest, bird flu to cite a few. There is a need for developing a system of animal disease survey and surveillance and it's on line reporting so that the spread of diseases before reaching epidemic proportion is contained. 99

115 This will help save huge losses to livestock wealth in particular and farming system in general. Objectives The various objectives of this project are as follow: 1. Development of electronically managed Disease Surveillance System, through customized online data management systems. 2. Development of risk assessment and risk management tools for various endemic diseases The overall mission of this project is to thoroughly revamp the Livestock husbandry so as to erase the stigma of poor hygiene and elevate it to the global standards in production, processing and marketing of Livestock derivatives. 4. FINANCIALS Duration of Project: 5 Years Cost per Block per Year = 2.5 Lakh* * Cost consists of Veterinary Doctor Expenses, quick alert system, GPS, quick Alert SMS System Table 7.8: Budget estimates for Livestock disease Surveillance Cost Component Veterinary Doctor Expenses, quick alert system, GPS, quick Alert SMS System Cost per Block (Rs. in Lakh) Year Year Year Year Year Total 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th (Rs. Lakh) Cost per District (Rs. in Lakh)

116 B - DAIRY (i) Programme for Quality and Hygienic Milk Production Production of clean milk is as important as the production of milk itself. The bacteria in the milk multiply because of the hot environment and dust, dirt and other foreign matter and adulteration. Unhygienic state of utensils used for the storage and transportation of milk adds to the problem. Therefore, there is a dire need to maintain the quality of milk by creating facility of cooling the milk at the source immediately on milking and educating the milk producers and milk handlers to maintain proper sanitation and hygiene. For the cooling of milk at the dairy farm level, Bulk Milk Coolers are needed to be made available, but the investment is quite high, which cannot be afforded by the milk producers themselves. There is urgent need to maintain quality of milk by creating facility for cooling the milk at source. For cooling the milk at dairy farm level bulk milk coolers are needed to be made available. It is proposed to provide 16 bulk milk coolers of 2000 litre capacity, two per block in the district. Each unit costing 8.0 lakh, with 25% subsidy. The subsidy cost will be Rs lakh. (ii) Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units Dairy is being practiced by the farmers in the area as a household enterprise and not as a commercial activity. To promote the commercial dairy farming, it is proposed to provide interest subsidy on the cost of animals for the first year up to a maximum of Rs per animal. It is proposed to encourage to setting up of 40 commercial dairy farms units in the district with minimum 10 milch animals in each; thereby 400 new additional milch animals will be inducted. Unit cost of each dairy will be about Rs 0.60 lakh. This cost of subsidy on interest for first year will be Rs lakh. In addition, every commercial dairy farm unit will be provided with Rs 2 Lakh as capital subsidy to develop infrastructure like animal sheds, milching parlours with machines. 101

117 This will entail a cost of Rs 80 lakh as capital subsidy, the total cost of the project being Rs 104 lakh annually and Rs 520 lakh in next five years. (iii) Mini Milk Processing Unit Preservation and value addition in milk and milk products can be done at cottage level. Two mini milk plants of 500 litre per day capacity can be set up in each block for making ghee, cheese, butter, lassi, etc. These products can earn handsome returns to milk producers. The producers can avail the benefit of forward linkages and can become successful dairy entrepreneurs. Such mini plants will cost Rs lakh, on which 30% capital subsidy is proposed to be provided. Total subsidy cost would be Rs. 120 lakh. (iv) Dairy Training Workshop for Women The first step will be to sell the idea of dairy farming aggressively in the target area. Holding Dairy Training workshops extensively in the district, so as to cover the entire area repeatedly, will do this. These will be high tech camps wherein the requisite message will be passed across the audience in a very cordial, conducive and friendly environment. Dairy training workshop will be conducted to encourage and equip with knowledge to prospective dairy farmers and 50 percent target beneficiary should be women. It is proposed to hold 40 such workshops in the district. An expenditure of Rs. 20,000 per workshop will be incurred. It will cost Rs. 8.0 lakh. 102

118 Table 7.3: Total Requirement of Funds for Animal Husbandry Sector (Rs. lakh) S. No. Programme Unit Cost 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total Hygienic Milk Production Programme Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units Mini Milk Processing Unit Dairy Education, Training & Extension (I) Dairy Training workshops Total

119 C - FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT There is a good scope of combining fisheries activity; the district has substantial area of water bodies in the form of river, lakes and ponds. As the ponds can be constructed under the Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and subsequently fish can be raised in them. Catla, Rohu, Mrigal and other desi varieties are cultivated in the district. In this district need to increase numbers of pond, tanks and total coverage area will be increase. (i) Demonstration and Training of Fish Culture Now a day s fish culture is developing at alarming rate in India especially in rural areas because most of the people are habitual to relish fish food along with rice. The fish farming is also providing an extra income to the poor and small farmers, another advantage of fish culture is to increase the level of underground water and utilization of rain water. Therefore, the demonstration on fish culture in each block of the state would provide a technology of fish cultivation along with various advantages like nutrient support, extra income, increase underground water level etc. The budget provision under the scheme is to be made available at block level for conductivity as demonstration unit. Table 7.6: Budget estimates for demonstration of fish culture S.No. Items Year 1 Digging of Ponds, Lining, Pumping set and boring, culture and net etc. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Total TOTAL

120 (ii) Renovating of Village Ponds for fish production Ponds left unattended or new ponds for water harvesting need to be made. These ponds can be used for fish culture. The water of these ponds can be purified by dutch -weed technique and fish farming can be done to cater additional income by panchayats. This job will include excavation, boundary lining and development of existing ponds. Fifty ponds per year are planned covering 250 ponds in five years. The cost of new pond will cost Rs. 2.0 lakh per pond. The total cost involved for new ponds will cost Rs. 100 lakh per year and Rs. 500 lakh in five years. It is also proposed that this project may be converged with National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme. (iii) Development of New Hatcheries for production of fingerlings It is proposed that Rs lakh per hatchery be provided to the department of the fisheries for developing new hatcheries. Eight new hatcheries are required to be developed in the district at a total cost of Rs. 80 lakh during XI th plan period under the proposed scheme. Table 7.7: Budget estimates for Fisheries development Activity Unit Cost (Rs. lakh) 1 st Year Number of Units Year Wise 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total (Rs lakh) Demonstration on Fish Culture Renovation of New Ponds 2.0 Hatchery 10.0 Number Cost Number Cost Total

121 (iv) Development of Modern Fish Market Fresh water fish production is gradually becoming economical to farmers due to increase in demand of fish, introduction of newer technologies, improved fish culture techniques. Fish production could be very attractive to marginal farmers. The major limiting factor for supply of quality fish to the consumer is absence of proper storage and marketing of fish in temperature controlled hygienic conditions. It is proposed to provide A/C market facilities in major fish production areas at district headquarters with following components. One hall with Air conditioned facility. 20 Nos. 3 x 5 raised cemented table with rack provision to keep the fresh stock. Generator. Coordinator office. Parking place for Tractor trolleys and shed for animals along with feed structure & drinking water facility. Budget: components Rs 70 lakh per air conditioned market shed with above suggested Deliverables: 1. Hygienic and safe food production. 2. Increase in fish production, sale and consumption. 3. Organized Market facility in the centre of production area. 4. Brand development based on area and kind of fish. 5. Better prices realization. 106

122 PLANNING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF C-DAP Annual assessment and Restructuring of Comprehensive District Agriculture Rs 5 lakh per year, which costs Rs 25 lakh 107

123 Chapter - 8 SUMMARY OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR S. No. Name of Programme Estimated Budget (lakh) A. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY B C i. Programme for year round production of Green Fodder to Provide Balanced Nutrition to Cattle 16.0 ii. Strengthening of Animal Insemination Centres 30.0 iii. Improvements of cattle iv. Poultry Development v. Improvement of Goat 33.0 vi. Development of Goat & Piggery vii. Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System DAIRY i. Programme for Quality and Hygienic Milk Production ii. Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units iii. Mini Milk Processing Unit iv. Dairy Training Workshop for Women 8.0 FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT i. Demonstration and Training of Fish Culture ii. Renovating of Village Ponds for fish production iii. Development of New Hatcheries for production of fingerlings iv. Development of Modern Fish Market Sub Total Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of C-DAP Total

124 Annexure-I MATRIX FOR CONVERGENCE OPPORTUNITIES IN DISTRICT VARANSI S. No. Area of Farm Sector Addressed 1 Land, Soil Health & Fertility Name of C-DAP Programmes into which convergence is proposed Enrichment of organic carbon content using green manuring Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management System Name of Central Sector Scheme Strengthening of Soil health (New scheme w.e.f ) Estimated Budget of Proposed programm es (Lakh) Setting up of new soil testing laboratories Project on Balanced Use of fertilizer Water Resources Management Water harvesting, storage and it's utilization for irrigation Microirrigation (Sprinkler & Drip) Watershed programmes of MoA & MoRD Micro Irrigation in Horticulture (80:20) & National Horticulture Mission Distribution of Seeds Macro Macro Management in Agriculture(MMA - 3 Seed and Planting material Establishment of Seed treatment and Demonstration units at gram panchayat level Beej Gram Yojana (100 % CS) Distribution of Planting material NHM Production Technologies Programme on promotion of cultivation of Oil seeds for Improving productivity Integrated scheme of Oil Seeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (ISOPOM) (75% centre:25%

125 5. Horticulture & Plantation Technology Disseminatio n Entrepreneur Development Post Harvest and Marketing Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity Sate) National food Security Mission (NFSM) Farmers Study Tour Within and Outside the State for exposure Farmers training and Demonstration at KVK Training and Demonstrations of Weed Management Farmers Study Tour Within and Outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture Knowledge Dissemination at farmers field level by Subject Matter Specialists (SMS) Incentive for Establishment of Backyard Mushroom Units Entrepreneur Development in Floriculture Value addition to horticultural produce through grading & packaging houses establishment Agriculture Technology and Management Agency (ATMA) Farmers Welfare Scheme (Kisan Hit Yojana) Support to extension programmes for Extension Reforms (90 CS: 10% State) Sawarn Jayanti SawRojgar Yojana (75: 25%) State Horticulture Mission (85: 15) State Horticulture Mission (85: 15)

126 9 Dairy 10 Fisheries Improvement and creation of new market facilities for marketing of Agricultural Produce Practices Programme for quality and hygienic milk production Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units Dairy Training workshop for women Programme for Quality & Hygienic Milk Production Renovation of village ponds for fish production Modern Fish Market Artificial insemination NREGS Clean milk production (100%) Intensive Dairy Development Programme (100% CS) Mahila Dairy Project (100% CS) Strengthening Infrastructure for Quality and Clean Milk Production National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme (NREGS) National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding (NPCBB) Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System Livestock Health & Disease Control (LH & DC); Directorate of Animal Health Scheme Programme for year round production of Green Fodder Feed and fodder development Farm Mechanizatio n Establishment of Farm Mechanization Centres at Panchayat Level Agriculture Mechanization (MMA)

127 Annexure-II VARIOUS ONGOING PROJECTS IN DISTRICT MAHARAJGANJ IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS Sector/Subsector Project Expenditure Incurred (Rs in lakh) Source of Funding AGRICULTURE Crop production Production, Storage & Distribution of Quality seeds State Sector ISOPOM Centrally Sponsored Farmer Friend Scheme State - Sector Model Organic Farm Macro -Mode Improvement of Crop Statistics (ICS) Centrally Sponsored Pramanit Bejon Per Anudan State Sector Computerization State - Sector Data Bank Takniki Prabandhan State Sector Keet Rog Niyantaran Rabi Dalhan Utpadan State - Sector Crop Yield Macro -Mode Niji Kshetron me Prasar Sewano Krishak Istar Par Parmanit Beej Utpadan Krishi Prabandhan ke Adhunikikaran State Sector - State - Sector Macro -Mode 112

128 Special Jute Programme Centrally Sponsored Organic Farm Dev of extension services in Private Sector Demonstration of New Development Agril. Equipment State - Sector Centrally Sponsored Transfer of Technology Macro -Mode Strengthening of Deptt Press Central Micromode Agriculture Engineering Agriculture Engineering (Rice) Macro -Mode Seed Treatment State Sector Beej Gram Yojana Centrally Sponsored Natural Resource Management Boosting Cereal Production (Rice) NWDPRA Barani Central Micromode Micro Mode Central Sector Rain Water management State - Sector Kisan Hit State - Sector Krishi Kshetra Hetu Kushal Jal Prabandhan Mrida Swastha ka Sudharanikarn State - Sector State Sector Soil Testing Microbial Culture Macro -Mode Bio-Control Agent Javik Khad Prasar Micro Mode Central Sector Strength of Ferti & Pesti Lab

129 Strengthening of soil testing lab Macro -Mode Strengthening of soil health State Sector Quality Control Lab Soil Survey Micro Mode Central Sector Adoptive Trial Macro -Mode Bhoomi Sena Yojana 1 - State - Sector Minor Irrigation Horticulture Dr. Ambedkar Gramin Samagr Vikas Yojna Strengthening of Horticultural production Micro-irrigation programme State Horticulture Mission Horticultural development programme ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Rinder Pest Programme Control of Livestock Disease Scheme on Artificial Insemination Scheme on infertility of animal Strengthening of Poultry Diagnostic Facility of Sheep Breeding Goat Rearing Goat Breeding Fodder Production

130 Training of Livestock Owner Livestock Statistics Livestock census Prog Establishment of Livestock Hospital Strengthening of Livestock Extension Education Prog Disease Investigation Artificial Insemination Paravet Training Backyard Poultry Integrated Piggery Development Pig Breeding Prog Integrated Goatary FISHERIES Fish farmers development agency % central + 25% state National Scheme of Welfare of Fishermen % central + 50% state National Fishermen insurance Scheme % central + 50% state Strengthening of Labs % state 115

131 Annexure-III COPY OF LETTERS FROM DISTRICT PLANNING COMMITTEE 116

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