(C-DAP) BAHRAICH District Planning Committee Bahraich (Uttar Pradesh)

Transcription

1 [ Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) BAHRAICH District Planning Committee Bahraich (Uttar Pradesh)

2 [ Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) BAHRAICH District Planning Committee Bahraich (Uttar Pradesh)

3 Content PARTICULARS PAGE No. Executive summary i-viii Chapter -1 Introduction 1 7 Chapter -2 Agriculture Profile Uttar Pradesh 8 33 Chapter -3 Farm Profile Of The District Chapter -4 Constraints, Potential, strategies and vision for farm sector Chapter -5 Proposed Programme In Crop Sector I AGRICULTURE A. SOIL MANAGEMENT AND LAND USE PROJECT Enrichment of Organic Carbon Content Using Green Manuring Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management System (INM) Management of Sulphur Status in Soils of Intensive Agriculture System to maintain Sulphur availability to plants Establishment, Renovation and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories and Soil Health Card Programme a) Soil testing & fertilizer testing laboratories B. ADOPTION OF ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEM C. WATER & SOIL CONSERVATION Efficient use of Water Resources and Management I. Adoption and promotion of precision farming techniques through micro irrigation II. Demonstration cum training of ridge and furrow system of paddy cultivation for increasing water use efficiency and eco-friendly cultivation D. SEED PLANTING MATERIAL Establishment of Seed Treatment and Demonstrations Units at Gram Panchayats Level for early and high germination rate to increase crop yield Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material for Improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity

4 E. TECHNOLOGY DISSEMINATION Customized Farmer Trainings and Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Establishment of Integrated Farmers Training Center $ (IFTC) at District Level Establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centres Publication and Mass Campaign for resource development of agri and allied sector using ICT Training Cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management In Major Crops to Decrease the Pesticide Load in Food Chain Training and Demonstration Weed Management in Majors Crops to Reduce the Yield Loss Farmers Training for Seed Production at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Farmers Study Tour within and outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture F. FARM MECHNINIZATION (i) Establishment of farm mechanization centers at Panchayat Level to Minimize the Energy loss of Human resources II. HORTICULTURE A. PROGRAMME FOR SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 1. Promotion of Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops under Low Tunnels for Early Production of Vegetables 2. Demonstration and Supply of Healthy Nursery Raising in Vegetable Crops 3. Development of Nutritional Kitchen Garden for Balanced Nutrition at Village Level and Involvement of women in Horticulture B. ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES Promotion of Bee Keeping for Honey Production and Processing for Price Realization C. COMMERCIAL FRUITS Promotion of Rejuvenation of Senile, Old and Unproductive Orchads of Mango and Guava. Programme for High Density Planting of Mango and Guava III. POST HARVEST & AGRICULTURE MARKETING Development of Facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce

5 Improvement and creating of new market facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce Value addition to Horticultural Produce through establishment of Grading and Packaging Houses Chapter - 6 Summery of Crop Sector Chapter - 7 Proposed New Programme in Livestock Sector A Animal Husbandry Programme for year round production of Green Fodder to Provide Balanced Nutrition to Cattle Strengthening of Animal Insemination Centres Improvement of Cattle (Cow and Buffalo) Poultry Development Improvement of Goat Development of Goat & Piggery Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System Development of Modern Meat Market B. DAIRY i. Programme for Quality and Hygienic Milk Production ii. Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units iii. Mini Milk Processing Unit iv. Dairy Training Workshop for Women C. FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT Renovating of Village Ponds for fish production Development of New Hatcheries for production of fingerlings Development of Modern Fish Market D. Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of DAP 113 Chapter - 8 Summary of Livestock Sector 114 Annexure-I Matrix for convergence Annexure -II Ongoing projects in district in the field of Agriculture and allied sector Annexure -III Copy of Approved Projects from District Planning Committee

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Concerned by the slow growth in the Agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council (NDC) in its meeting held on 29 th May, 2007 resolved that agriculture development strategies must be reoriented to meet the needs of the farmers. The NDC in its resolution advised the State Governments to prepare Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) that will fully utilize available resources and will include allied agriculture sectors. C-DAP, Bahraich is an innovative way to draw up plans for agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agro-climatic conditions, natural resource issues and technology into account, and integrating livestock, poultry and fisheries more fully. Accordingly, the C-DAP for district Bahraich has been prepared. The Bahraich district is situated in north-eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. It has an international border with Nepal on the northern part; district Barabanki and Sitapur in South, Khiri in West and Gonda in eastern side. The northern part of the district is located under Tarai region. Sarju and Ghaghra are the major rivers of the district. The total geographical area of district is 5020 sq km supporting a population of lakh, with density of population as 538 persons per sq km, which is below the state average of 689 persons per sq km. The literacy rate of the district is 36.1%, of which males account for 47.1% and females 23.1%. There are 4 tehsils, 14 blocks, 1392 villages, 122 nyaya panchayats and 903 gram sabhas in the district. The net sown area of the district is 3.25 lakh ha, out of which 1.57 lakh ha is under irrigation. Out of the total irrigated area, 69% is covered by ground water. Small and marginal farmers dominate the scenario of land holding. The normal rainfall is 1125 mm with wide variation from year to year (830 mm in 2007). The climatic condition is extreme being very hot in summer and very cold in winter. There are three major cropping seasons in the district, i

7 kharif, rabi and zaid. The major kharif crops grown in the district are paddy (rice), maize and pigeon pea and the major rabi crops are wheat, lentil and mustard. Sugarcane is the main cash crop of the district and mentha is also emerging as a cash crop. The main fruit crops are mango and guava. Dairy farming and goat rearing are other major enterprises for providing supplementary income. There is good scope for development of fishery and cultivation of medicinal, aromatic plants and spices. There are a total of 9 cold storages, 45 rural markets/ mandis, 161 rural godowns and 144 depots (seed, fertilizers and pesticides) in the district. The major constraints being faced in the district include timely and adequate supply of quality inputs such as seed, fertilizer and a strong requirement of marketing support for agricultural produce. The interventions proposed include encouraging green manuring, Use of INM, Management of Sulphur and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Facilities, Adoption of Organic Farming, promotion of precision farming and other water use efficiency cultivation techniques, improvement in Seed Replacement Rate (SRR), strengthening Technology Dissemination mechanism, establishment of Farm Mechanization service centres, promotion of horticulture including commercial cultivation of fruits, improved post harvest facilities and marketing, promotion of livestock including dairy, piggery, goatery and poultry including disease surveillance and Quick Alert System and fishery. The total cost of the project proposed in C-DAP of district Bahraich is Rs lakh. The details of the project plan are given in Appendix I. ii

8 Appendix I DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN OF BAHRAICH AT A GLANCE (OUTLAY AND YEAR WISE ALLOCATION) S. No. Name of Programme Outlay 1 st I. AGRICULTURE A. Soil Management and Land Use Project Year 2 nd Year (Rs. in lakh) 3 rd 4 th 5 th Year Year Year 1. Enrichment of Organic Carbon Content Using Green Manuring 2. Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management System (INM) 3. Management of Sulphur Status in Soil of Intensive Agriculture System to Maintain Sulphur Availability to Plants Establishment, Renovation and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories and Soil Health Card Programme a) Soil testing & fertilizer testing laboratories B. Adoption of Organic Farming System C. Water and soil conservation Efficient Use of Water Resources and Management iii

9 1. Adoption and promotion of precision farming techniques through micro irrigation 2. Demonstration cum training of ridge and furrow system of paddy cultivation for increasing water use efficiency and eco-friendly cultivation D. Seed and Planting Material 1. Establishment of Seed Treatment and Demonstrations Units at Gram Panchayats Level for early and high germination rate to increase crop yield Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material for Improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) 3. Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity E. Technology Dissemination Customized Farmer Trainings and Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Establishment of Integrated Farmers Training Center $ (IFTC) at District Level 3. Establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centres iv

10 4. Publication and Mass Campaign for resource development of agri and allied sector using ICT 5. Training Cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management In Major Crops to Decrease the Pesticide Load in Food Chain 6. Training and Demonstration Weed Management in Majors Crops to Reduce the Yield Loss 7. Farmers Training for Seed Production at Krishi Vigyan Kendra 8. Farmers Study Tour within and outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture F. Farm mechanization (i) Establishment of farm mechanization centers at Panchayat Level to Minimize the Energy loss of Human resources II. A. Programme for Small and marginal farmers and women Empowerment 1. Promotion of Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops under Low Tunnels for Early Production of Vegetables HORTICULTURE v

11 2. Demonstration and Supply of Healthy Nursery Raising in Vegetable Crops 3. Development of Nutritional Kitchen Garden for Balanced Nutrition at Village Level and Involvement of women in Horticulture B. Entrepreneur Development Programmes Promotion of Bee Keeping Commercial fruits Promotion of Rejuvenation of Senile, Old and Unproductive Orchads of Mango and Guava. Programme for High Density Planting of Mango and Guava III. POST HARVEST AND AGRICULTURE MARKETING Improvement and creating of new market facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce vi

12 Value addition to Horticultural Produce through establishment of Grading and Packaging Houses Sub Total Livestock Sector A. Animal Husbandry Programme for year round production of Green Fodder to Provide Balanced Nutrition to Cattle Strengthening of Animal Insemination Centres Improvements of cattle Poultry Development Improvement of Goat B. Dairy Development of Goat & Piggery Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System Development of Modern Meat Market Programme for Quality and Hygienic Milk Production Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units vii

13 C Mini Milk Processing Unit Dairy Training Workshop for Women Fishery Development Renovating of Village Ponds for fish production Development of New Hatcheries for production of fingerlings Development of Modern Fish Market Sub Total Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of DAP Total Grand Total viii

14 Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION The impact of the farm sector on the socio-economic fabric of the country can be realized from the fact that still sixty percent population of the country depends upon this sector for their livelihood. The sector contributes around 18.5 percent of the GDP. While the Indian economy had been growing at a rate of 6 percent per annum since 1993, the growth rate has increased to 9 percent during the last four years. This is in stark contrast to the growth rate of the agricultural sector which had witnessed sharp deceleration during the period of last one decade. The sectoral growth rate plummeted from a 3.62 percent per annum during the period of to to less than 2 percent in the subsequent period of to Agricultural growth was slightly above two percent during , yet much lower than the targeted growth rate of 4 percent. In brief, Indian agriculture is in crisis and the growth rate is not keeping pace with the growth rate of the other sectors of the economy. To address this vital issue, the concept of Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) has emerged with the basic objective of grass root planning depending upon the felt need of the people covering entire farm sector. Planning and development process in India is constitutionally a state subject and central government's role is restricted to formulating policy guidelines and providing financial resources for the sector. The basic principle of planning is to rely on the people who are the end user. The planning should be for the people, by the people and of the people, rather than the planning by the policy makers and administrators. In order to prepare a developmental plan, it is necessary to assemble a profile of the district. This will lead to an understanding of the development perspectives of the district vis-à-vis the Vision of growth in different sectors and related milestones. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is a strategic planning method which is often used in planning process through identification of the attributed that are helpful streamlining the agricultural development programme of a district, the attributes that may limit in 1

15 achieving the objectives of development, the internal attributes that are helpful in supportive to achieve the objective and finally the external attributes that may cause damage to the objective. The Agricultural Planning Units should broadly follow the SWOT analysis as the central tool for developing the document. Agriculture Planning requires much of technical support from experts in agriculture and allied sectors. Therefore, Agriculture Planning Units [District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU), Block Agriculture Planning Unit (BAPU), Village Agriculture Planning Unit (VAPU)] and at different levels of local bodies need to be constituted involving a group of experts from various disciplines relevant to the needs of the area. These units should assist the Panchayat Raj Institutions. A vision document needs to be prepared based on collective imagination for wellbeing of local community through realizing the potential for agricultural growth. The vision for development of agriculture should flow from the collective aspiration of all the stakeholders of the area. Schemes and programmes operating in the area are not necessary only basis for preparation of the vision document. Vision should also be supported by the strategy of the plan. The objective of the district planning is to design an integrated participatory action plan for the development of local area in general and agriculture and allied sectors in particular. The objective of comprehensive district agriculture plan (C- DAP) is to evolve an action plan for achieving sustainable agricultural growth with food security that will improve farmers income. It must be ensured in the process that in the plan is based on agro-climatic conditions, availability of technology, trained manpower and natural resources; the local needs and priorities in agriculture and allied sectors are reflected; productivity gaps in all such sectors are reduced and returns to the farmers are maximized; leading to quantifiable qualitative changes in agriculture and allied sectors. METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING COMPREHENSIVE - DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLANS STEP I Primary data was collected through participation of stakeholders through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, conducted at Nyaya Panchayat and 2

16 block level. Strategic Research and Extension Plans (SREP) prepared by Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) of the district were also consulted. Information collected from district offices of the line departments was integrated with the results of PRA and SREP. I. Formation of Three tier Planning Unit; a. District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU) b. Block Agriculture Planning Unit (BAPU) c. Village Agriculture Planning Unit (VAPU) These three units have been constructed using the local representatives of that particular area and trained them to make the format and gathering the information. II. Resource Mapping 1. Manual by format designing and approval a. Development of format to gather information on grass root level covering agriculture and allied sector along with entire social, economical and developmental information of the block/village/ district. b. Survey by block/village resource person at block/village level to gather information on available resources and make them use in the planning process. 2. Use of information technology in Resource Mapping a. Use of innovative software for transmitting field data direct from field to on line monitor b. Data Capturing: Providing village & block resource persons with mobile hand sets carrying e-forms for capturing and transmission of data c. Use of mobile hand sets for sending data from field to central computer 3. ICT enabled service was also used for transmission of the results of PRA Surveys. III. Financial Mapping The resources available for the development of district under different central sector and states schemes were also considered and the funds available was 3

17 tried to be converged along with new intervention to get visible effect and real development. STEP - II Based on PRA, primary data and secondary data, the district profiles of individual districts were prepared. The core committee of experts, along with field officers of the line Departments from the districts analyzed the data and identified the constraints and potentials in the existing agricultural potential pattern of the district. Based on the SWOT analysis, vision for each district was developed and the strategies to boost farm production and profitability of farmers for each district were worked out. a. Formulation of new interventions based on the constraints, potential, vision and felt need emerged from PRA and PRI approach along with the discussion and meetings conducted b. The plan has been Integrated approach to be followed for development of district developed by involving farmers and line department of the district. The plan has been emerged from the bottom-up approach depending upon the local need and the people aspiration. STEP III Programmes both in crop sector and livestock sector were developed for obtaining holistic growth of farm sector as per the information gathered at various level of planning units (DAPU, BAPU and VAPU) of each district and its convergence with resources available from central sector schemes such as NREGS, BRGF and other central/state sector schemes was assessed. The plan documents were consulted Collect reliable data Identify sources Capacity building & handholding of PCs, Analysis and APUs & others Interpretations List needs, Prioritize & action points Formulation of projects Development Plan Fin. Requirement & sources Delivery mechanism 4 Monitoring & evaluation System

18 for knowing the targets fixed for farm sector growth. Each programme was discussed in detail by the panel of experts, garm pradhan and line department officials before its inclusion in the Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plan (C- DAP). Although financial requirements are also given in each of the proposed projects, these were adjusted depending upon the size of the district, number of blocks in the district and other relevant specific features, constraints and potentials that exist. The report so prepared has been arranged in the following chapters: District Agriculture Profile Constrains, potentials, strategies and vision for farm sector of the district Proposed major programmes in crop sector i. Crop Husbandry including Horticulture ii. Irrigation water management iii. Rain water harvesting, conservation and its use iv. Women Empowerment v. Entrepreneur Development vi. Village Artisen vii. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources viii. Agriculture Marketing and Cooperation ix. Food Storage x. Soil and Water Conservation xi. Rural Infrastructure xii. Technology Dissemination to farmers Summary of crop sector Proposed major programmes for the district in livestock sector i. Dairy Development ii. Poultry development iii. Goat and piggery sector iv. Fisheries development v. Livestock disease surveillance and quick alert system Summary of livestock sector Details of the ongoing scheme and budget allocation Budget summary of the Comprehensive - District Agriculture Plan at a glance Convergence Opportunities STEP IV District-wise modification as well as fine tuning of Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plans in consultation with Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI). 5

19 STEP V The plan developed was discussed with the members of ATMA and officials of line departments for final planning process. Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plan was discussed, amended and approved by ATMA before its presentation and approval by District Planning Committee (DPC), the final approving authority of C- DAP. 6

20 7 Comprehensive- District Agriculture Plan Bahraich

21 Chapter - 2 AGRICULTURE PROFILE UTTAR PRADESH Amongst all the states of India, Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of farm holdings i.e. over 20 million, spread across varied agroclimatic conditions and soil types. Agriculture is the most crucial sector for economic development of the state. It contributes the highest share of about 33% to the total income of the state. A vast majority of the population in the State relies mainly on Agriculture for its livelihood. The State has significant bearing on the Agricultural performance at the national level. It produces about one fifth of the total food grains in the country, which is the highest among all states. About one third (34.71%) of all wheat produced in the country comes from Uttar Pradesh. Similarly around 45% (44.62%) of the country's sugar cane is produced in Uttar Pradesh. Evidently the State s agriculture has a paramount role to play in the food production and food security of the country. The contribution of U.P. in the total production of the country in respect of major crops is given in Table

22 Table 2.1: Contribution of Uttar Pradesh to the Production of Some Agriculture Commodities, Name of Crops Production in Lakh tons India U.P. Contribution of U.P. % Total Food grain Rice Wheat Jowar Bajra Maize Total Pulses Gram Arhar Lentil Total Oilseeds Groundnut Rapeseed/Mustard Sunflower Sugarcane Potato Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 9

23 2.1. Agro climatic zone wise proportion of districts The state is divided into nine zones. The detailed coverage of districts is given in Table 2.2. Table 2.2: Agro-climatic zones of Uttar Pradesh, S.No. Agro Climatic Zone Districts 1 Tarai and Bhabar Saharanpur (58%), Muzaffarnagar Nagar (10%), Bijnor (79%), Moradabad (21%), Rampur (40%), Bareilly (19%), Pilibihit (75%), Shahjahanpur (6%), Khiri (39%), Bahraich (47%), Shravasti (71%) 2 Western Plain Saharanpur (42%), Muzaffarnagar Nagar (90%), Meerut, Bagpat, Gaziabad, Gautam Budha Nagar, Buland Shahar 3 Mid Western Plain Bareilly(81%), Badaun, Pilibihit(25%), Moradabad (79%), Jyotibaphule Nagar, Rampur (60%), Bijnor (21%), 4 South Western Agra, Firozabad, Aligarh, Hathras, Mathura, Mainpuri, Etah 5 Central Shahjahanpur (94%), Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur Dehat, Etawa, Auraiya, Farrukhabad, Kannauj, Lucknow, Unnao, Raibareilly, Sitapur, Hardoi, Khiri(61%), Fetehpur, Allahabad (58%), Kaushmbi 6 Bundelkhund Jhansi, Lalitpur, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda, Chitrkoot, 7 North East Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Deoria, Kushi Nagar, Basti, St. Kabir Nagar, Siddhartha Nagar, Gonda, Baharaich(53%), Balrampur, Shravasti (29%) 8 Eastern Azamgarh, Mau, Balia, Pratapgarh, Faizabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Barabanki, Sultanpur, Varanasi, Chandauli, Jaunpur, Gazipur, St.Ravidas Nagar (86%) 10

24 9 Vindhyan Allahabad(42%), St. Ravidas Nagar (14%), Mirzapur, Sonebadhra Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Note: Percentages in parentheses indicate the portion of district falling in respective agro-climatic zone Productivity Status of Agro-Climatic Zones, Productivity of different crops in different zones pertaining to the year is indicated below Cereals The average productivity of food grains in the state is quintals per Ha and in case of cereals; it is Q/Ha. The food grains productivity varies in different agro-climatic zones from Q/Ha (in Bundelkhand zone) to Q/Ha (in western plain zone). Similarly in case of cereals it varies from Q/Ha (in Bundelkhand zone) to Q/Ha (in western plain zone). The zone-wise details are presented in Table 2.3. Table 2.3: Zone-wise Productivity of Cereal Crops, (Q/ha) S. N. Zones Food grains Total Cereals Rice Wheat Jowar Bajra Maize 1 Tarai & Bhabhar Western Plain Mid- Western Plain 4 South West.Semi-Dry Mid-Plain/ Central

25 6 Bundelkhand North Eastern Plain Eastern Plain Vindhyan Uttar Pradesh Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Pulses The average productivity of pulses is 7.25 Q/Ha in the state. It varies in different agro-climatic zones from 6.57 Q/Ha (in Bundelkhand zone) to 8.09 Q/Ha (in mid central plain). The zone-wise details are presented below in Table 2.4. Table 2.4: Zone wise Productivity of Pulses in (Q/ha) S. No. Zones Total Pulses Arhar Gram Pea Lentil Urd 1 Tarai & Bhabhar Western Plain Mid- Western Plain South West. Semi-Dry Mid-Plain/ Central Bundelkhand North Eastern Plain Eastern Plain Vindhyan Uttar Pradesh

26 Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Oilseeds The average productivity of Oil seeds is 8.36 Q/ha in the state. It varies in different agro-climatic zones from 3.74 Q/Ha (in bundelkhand zone) to Q/Ha (in south-western semi dry zone). The zone wise details are presented below in Table 2.5. The target for average annual growth rate of agriculture sector during the 10 th Plan was 5.1 percent. However, the achievement was only about 2 percent. A lower growth rate of this order is indicative of the fact that there was something missing in the efforts and strategies for agriculture development. The past growth rates in the agriculture sector show that the state achieved a growth rate of 5.7 percent during the Fifth Plan. Thus, the State has potential for achieving much higher growth in this sector. It is in this background that a growth rate of 5.7 percent has been envisaged in agriculture sector during Eleventh Plan. Table 2.5: Productivity of Oil Seeds, (Q/ha) S. No. Zones Total Oilseeds Rapeseed/ Mustard 1 Tarai & Bhabhar Western Plain Mid- Western Plain South West. Semi-Dry Mid-Plain/ Central Bundelkhand North Eastern Plain Eastern Plain Vindhyan Uttar Pradesh Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 13

27 As per Agriculture Census, there is a predominance of marginal and small farmers in the State, small farmers and marginal farmers account for 76.9 % and 14.6% of the total holdings respectively. This group of small and marginal farmers own 61.2% of the total land area. Average size of holding is only 0.83 ha. per farmer. However, the average size of holding of marginal farmers is 0.40 hectare Land Use Pattern The land use pattern ( ) in the State has been indicated in the Table 2.6. The total cultivated area of the state is lakh ha. And the gross cropped area is lakh ha. The cropping intensity in the state is 153 %. The area sown during rabi is more as compared to area sown in kharif. The area under sugarcane which is an annual crop is 0.38 lakh ha. Table 2.6: Land Use Pattern, (lakh ha) S. N. Particulars Uttar Pradesh 1 Reporting Area Forest Barren Land Non Agri. Use Culturable Waste Pastures Misc. Trees etc Current Follow Other Follow Net Area Sown Area Sown more than Once Gross Cropped Area Cropping Intensity Kharif

28 S. N. Particulars Uttar Pradesh 15 Rabi Zaid Area Under Sugarcane (annual crop) Gross Cropped Area Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 2.4. Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) Seed is one of the most vital inputs responsible for higher production and can contribute 10 to 15 percent increase in production. The seed scenario in U.P. during the Tenth Five Year Plan Period has been quite encouraging in case of cereals especially paddy and wheat. An encouraging trend has been noticed in the Seed Replacement Rate also during the Tenth Five Year Plan which is evident from the Table 2.7. The recommended seed replacement rate in case of self pollinated crops is 25%. In case of hybrids e.g. maize, bajra etc and in case of cotton where Bt hybrids have been released, the replacement should be total. As such the SRR, in case of almost all the crops needs improvements. Table 2.7: Crop-Wise Seed Replacement Rate during X th Five Year Plan S. N0. Name of Crop X th Plan Target of ( ) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 1. Paddy Maize Bajra Jowar Urd

29 S. N0. Name of Crop X th Plan Target of ( ) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 6. Moong Arhar Groundnut Til Soyabean Sunflower Cotton Kharif Wheat Barley Gram Pea Lentil Rai/Sarson Toria Linseed Rabi Annual Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 2.5. Soil Health, Consumption of Fertilizers It has been observed that soil health has deteriorated sharply during the last few years. Indiscriminate and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers, especially urea along with chemical pesticides and unavailability of organic manures has led to considerable reduction in soil health. Hence restoring soil health has emerged as a major challenge before the farmers and the State. The State Government is 16

30 taking steps to check the rapid deterioration in soil health in several areas. Although use of chemical fertilizers is very low in comparison to agriculturally advanced neighboring states like Haryana and Punjab and it is even below the national average, yet consumption of chemical fertilizers is increasing constantly and there is an imbalance in their usage which has caused the deterioration in soil health. The recommended fertilizer use in terms of NPK ratio is 4:2:1. When the nutrients are supplied to the field in the ratio of 4:2:1, maximum productivity is obtained. The pattern of fertilizer consumption in the state shows that the NPK ratio is gradually narrowing. During the ratio was 25.2: 7.6: 1. It has tapered down to 10.7: 4.0: 1.0 indicating the efforts at balanced use of fertilizer (Table 2.8). Table 2.8: Consumption of Fertilizers in Xth Five Year Plan Year Consumption (kg/ha) N P K NPK Ratio : 5.1 : : 5.0 : : 4.0 : : 4.25 : :4.0:1.0 Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 17

31 2.6. District-wise Status of Irrigation The state average of irrigated area is 79% but there is a wide variation in districts. The district wise irrigated area varies from 29% to 100%.The districts have been categorized in different slabs indicating the extent of irrigation as presented in Table 2.9. Table 2.9: Irrigation status of different districts of U.P., S.No. Slab No. Name of Districts 1 90 % and above 22 Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Bagpat, Mathura, Shahjahanpur, Aligarh, Hathrus (100%), Firozabad, Mainpuri, Etah, Bareilly, Badaun, Pilibihit, Kannauj Moradabad, Ajamgarh, Lucknow, Faizabad, Ambedkernagar, Chandauli.Gaziabad, % 23 Bulandsahar, Bijnor, J.B. Fulenagar, Rampur, Farrukhabad, Etawa, Auraiya, Pratapgarh, Varanasi, Gazipur, Jaunpur, S. Rabidasnagar, Mau, Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Deoria, S. Kabirnagar, Unnao, Raibareilly, Sitapur, Hardoi, Sultanpur, Barabanki % 9 G.Budhnagar, Kanpur Dehat, Allahabad, Lalitpur, Balia, Khushinagar, Khiri, Gonda % 6 Kanpur Nagar, Fetehpur, Kaushmbi, Jhansi, Basti, Siddharthnagar % 2 Jalaun, Mirzapur, 6 Less than 50 % 8 Mahoba, Banda, Chitrkoot (29%), Hamirpur, Sonbhadra, Balrampur, Baharaich, Shravasti. Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 18

32 2.7. Agriculture Extension Dissemination of technical knowledge is a very important task. Agriculture Universities and other agencies are involved in the development of new techniques for the benefit of farmers in improving crop production. The knowledge of such techniques has to be transferred to the farmers who are the ultimate users. Through agriculture extension, this information is being disseminated to the farmers. For this purpose, Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMAs) has been set up in 32 districts of U.P. and it is proposed to cover the entire state in the near future. ATMA provides a strong platform for convergence of all extension activities for holistic development of agriculture sector. ATMA has proved to be an effective medium of extension where programmes have been prepared in consultation with stake holders and implemented with their participation Horticulture Uttar Pradesh has diverse agro-climatic conditions and with its vast agricultural & natural resources, it is facilitating production of various food crops like fruits, vegetables, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants etc. The state is fourth in the country with a cultivated area of Lakh hectares under vegetables. The state accounts for 16% of India's total population and produces 15% of the country's vegetables i.e Lac ton. UP ranks the second largest producer of vegetables among all states. Major vegetables are potato and peas (leading state), sweet potato (second among states), cabbage (sixth among states). U.P. contributes 40-45% of the potato production of the country. Similarly, UP ranks third in production of fruits among all states in the country. Major fruits grown in the state are Mango (leading state in India in terms of production), Guava (ranked fourth in India), Banana and Litchi. The overall productivity of fruits in the state is tons/ha against national average of 11.9 tons per hectares. The important spices produced in Uttar Pradesh are onion (sixth among states), turmeric, chili, garlic, fennel, fenugreek and coriander. Nearly 72% of the total population of the state is engaged in cultivation, out 19

33 of which approximately 80% farmers are in the small and marginal category. To boost the required horticultural development in the state different schemes / programmes under state / centrally sponsored schemes are being implemented. There is a good scope for vegetables and fruit production in the state, especially quality production through organic farming. During the Eleventh Five Year Plan period ( ), the growth rate of this sector has been fixed at 10%. To achieve this growth rate, the department is implementing various developmental schemes i.e. introduction of new varieties of fruits, adoption of hybrid varieties of vegetables and spices of high quality, adoption of new horticultural techniques, production of European vegetables, adoption of new techniques to increase production of flowers and medicinal plants, establishment of high-tech model nurseries, apiculture, mushroom cultivation, establishment of distillation units for flowers and medicinal & aromatic plants, onion stores units and the establishment of semi-processing and processing units in the state. Recently organic farming has caught the fancy of the farmers and thus effort needs to be encouraged for production of chemical free fruits and vegetables with a provision of reliable traceability in order to improve nutritional security of the country Sugarcane Sugarcane is another important crop in the State. Almost half of the total sugarcane area in the country is in Uttar Pradesh. About 30 percent sugar production in the country is contributed by the State, yet at 58.2 tonnes per hectare, productivity is much below the all India average of 66.9 tonnes and average sugar recovery is almost 75 percent of all India average. Major challenges facing the sugarcane sector in U. P. are (i) Limited availability of water for irrigation; (ii) Depletion of soil fertility; (iii) Increase in the prices of fertilizer herbicides and pesticides; (iv) Price escalation of petroleum products; and (v) Limited availability of farm labor. The state is implementing intensive Cane Development Programmes including improved seed production programme, Soil and Seed treatment, and Ratoon management 20

34 2.10. Animal Husbandry Uttar Pradesh has a livestock population of lakh heads excluding poultry per 2003 Animal census. The cow population stands at lakh heads which comprises lakh crossbred and lakh indigenous breeds. Likewise, the State has lakh buffaloes. Sheep population stands at just lakh. Although sheep wool constitutes the most important raw material for the carpet industry in the State, yet its population is showing a declining trend. Similarly, the goat population is just lakh although it is called the poor man s cow. There are only lakh pigs the most proliferate, low input and high output animal and its population is also decreasing over the years. Poultry population is also meager at just lakh birds although the State is a major consumer of poultry products. Further, virtually no growth has been recorded in poultry population in the State. Out of lakh cattle & buffaloes in the State, there are only about lakh breedable animals. Out of lakh breedable cows and buffaloes, only lakh (68 percent) are milching animals. Table 2.10: Livestock population in the State Livestock Population (000) Category Percent Increase/Decrease Crossbred cattle Indigenous cattle Total cattle Buffaloes Total Bovines Sheep Goats Pigs Camels

35 Others Total Livestock Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Total poultry population in the state is about million birds. Over the period of 10 th plan, fowl population has decreased by around 3.5 per cent the total poultry by 3.3 per cent in the State. Ducks and other birds have shown an increase of 2.5 per cent during the period - over 60 per cent of them comprising indigenous fowls in the backyards of rural households. Poultry production in Uttar Pradesh consists of two distinctly different streams: the organized poultry industry made up of exclusively of commercial hybrid birds and the backyard system with indigenous fowl in the rural areas. Organized poultry industry in UP is stagnant and over half of the eggs and poultry meat consumed in the state is imported from States as far away as Andhra Pradesh and some from neighboring Punjab and Haryana. While the state s neighboring States (Punjab and Haryana) have a successful and flourishing poultry industry and account for nearly 40 per cent of the table eggs and broiler import into the State, UP itself has lagged far behind in organized egg / broiler production. Overall Uttar Pradesh stands 1 st in milk production, 5 th in wool production, 7 th in egg production and 1 st in meat production in the country Livestock Production The livestock of the state contributed to the State s economy by producing lakh metric tonnes of milk, lakh eggs, lakh kg wool and lakh kg meat in Uttar Pradesh is the largest milk producing state in the country since last many years. Per capita availability of milk in U.P. is 290 gm while the national average is 245 gm/day against the minimum requirement of 280 gram per day per capita as recommended by ICMR. Yet, there is good scope for breeding of cows, especially cross-bred cows for increasing productivity and production of milk. 22

36 Meat Production The state also plays a vital role in meat production in the country. Uttar Pradesh is the largest meat exporter in the country with the exports worth Rs.200 crores. Meat production status of U.P. is given in Table Table 2.11: Milk Production in U.P., Category / Animal Total milk production (lakh Litres) Percentage Contribution Buffalo Cow Goat Total Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Table 2.12: Meat Productivity and Production in U.P., Category / Av. meat Total meat Percent Animal productivity production (lakh contribution (Kg. /animal) Kg) Buffalo Goat Sheep Pig Total Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 23

37 Availability of Fodder The state has negligible pasture facilities, inadequate green fodder and concentrate feed availability. Only about 4 per cent of agricultural land is under fodder crop production. Fodder requirement & production status is given in Table There is, thus a dire need for improving the productivity of fodder crops and expansion of area under green fodder. For this purpose the fodder seed production facilities in the State need strengthening. Table 2.13: Requirement and availability of fodder, Commodity Requirement Availability Deficit Deficit (Lakh MT) (Lakh MT) (Lakh MT) (%) Green Fodder Dry Fodder Compounded Feed Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Fisheries Importance of aquatic resources in our economy is well recognized. The need for protective food production has assumed vital importance. Hence, use of aquatic resources for developmental purpose such as aquaculture and fisheries at par with the terrestrial resources for agriculture and animal husbandry, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. As a result of intensive efforts, aquaculture has become one of the fastest growing food production sub-sectors over the past two decades in India. Distribution (percentage) of aquatic resources of Uttar Pradesh is detailed in Table

38 Table 2.14: Aquatic Resources in the U.P., Resource Percentage Rivers &Canals 62% Large & Medium Reservoirs 12% Ponds 14% Lakes 12% Total 100% Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh The Eleventh Five Year Plan ( ) has laid down the monitorable targets for fisheries sector (Table 2.15) and the salient features of this programme are as under: Growth rate to be increased from 7.4% to 13%. Enhancement of productivity from 2.8 t/ha/yr to more than 4 t/ha/yr. Increase in total annual fish production from 2.90 lakh ton to 5.32 lakh ton. Increase in seed production capacity to get about 150 crore standard fingerlings from present 120 crore. Diversifications of fish culture activities for a variety of aquatic products e.g. prawn, catfish, ornamental fish The following table gives year wise details of physical targets during 11 th Plan; 25

39 Table 2.15: Annual Physical Targets during Eleventh Five Year Plan S.No. Activity Pond area lease (ha) Improvement and construction of ponds (ha) 3 Fish seed production (crore) 4 Establishment of hatcheries (No.) Seed rearing units Training of fishermen (No.) 7 Fish productivity (kg/ha/yr) 8 Fish production (lakh ton) 9 Organization of coop. societies 10 Fish development through co-operatives (ha) 11 Development of water logged area (ha) Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh 26

40 2.13. Resources Available Through Convergence In view of the resource crunch, loan assistance from NABARD under RIDF is being obtained since with the condition of their utilization in three years from the year of sanction. Further, Central Loan Assistance under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) is also being provided by Government of India for early completion of the on-going projects, on which substantial expenditure has already been incurred. At present, as per modified guide lines for the accelerated irrigation benefits programme effective from December 2006, the central assistance will be in the form of central grant which will be 25% of project cost. The balance cost of the project as the state s share is to be arranged by the state government from its own resources. The eligibility criteria for funding are as below: Major and medium projects as well as Extension, Renovation & Modernization (ERM) of irrigation projects are categorized for assistance as (a) having investment clearance of the Planning Commission (b) are in an advanced stage of construction and can be completed in the next four financial years (c) are not receiving any other form of financial assistance. Components of the projects not receiving any other form of financial assistance can also be considered for inclusion in the programme Minor Irrigation Ground Water Department is the nodal organization at the State Level, entrusted with the responsibilities of survey and investigation for the assessment of ground water resources and assisting the user departments in the ground water development, management, augmentation, conservation & regulation of ground water resources of the state covering 820 blocks. The proposal for 11 th Five Year Plan ( ) was formulated considering the problem arising out of indiscriminate use of ground water, its declining trend & developing scarcity areas. Keeping in mind, the ground water regime 27

41 (quantitatively and qualitatively) problems arising out of over-exploitation, causing declining ground water level and water logging, soil degradation due to shallow water table and excessive use of chemicals in the fields, the programmes of ground water development are being planned/proposed in such away, so as to provide permanent and sustainable solutions to the ground water problems in the State. The following ground water survey programmes are proposed to be carried out during financial year Detailed specific programmes and financial requirements are summarized below- Ground water Resource Estimation and Strengthening of Ground water survey: Monitoring of Ground water Level on hydrograph stations network (Observation well / Piezometer) Construction of Piezometers Estimation of Ground Water Resource Micro Study in Over Exploited / Critical Blocks Quality Assessment / Monitoring of Ground Water Procurement of Drilling, Survey and Monitoring Equipments Rain water harvesting: In this scheme Roof top rain water harvesting, ponds and percolation tanks will be constructed for study purpose on model basis. Inter departmental co-ordination for monitoring and implementation of Rain Water Harvesting / Recharging activities in the State. Impact assessment of rain water harvesting/recharging activities and schemes on ground water regime (ground water level and quality) are to be carried out. An outlay of Rs Lakh is proposed for this work Construction of Shallow Tube- Well for Small/Marginal farmers: The major interventions/ facilities for construction of tube wells provided Free Boring Scheme is given in Table The salient features of scheme are: Construction of Medium Deep Tube-Well in alluvial areas of 28

42 State where water bearing strata is between 31 to 60 metre. Construction of Deep Tube Well for deep and difficult areas of state having water bearing strata deeper than Sixty metre. Construction of Blast Well /Deepening of Well in rocky areas. Boring by In well Rig/Wagon Drill in rocky areas. Artesian Well Scheme (Mainly for Jalaun Distt.) Ground Water Recharging/Check dam Scheme in which Renovation of Ponds and construction of check dam is included. Table 2.16: Status of facilities provided for minor irrigation works, S. No Name of Works Eligibility Criterion Average of project cost Detail of Subsidy Provided 1 Free Boring A- Boring Small/ Marginal Farmer Rs. 8000/- 1- General Category (1) Small Farmer 3000/- (2) Marginal Farmer 4000/ B- Pump set (5 Hp) Rs. 18,000/- 2- Small/Marginal Farmers of SC/ST 6000/- 1- General Category (1) Small Farmer 2800/- (2) Marginal Farmer 3750/- 3- Small/Marginal Farmers of SC/ST 5650/- 2 Medium Tube Well Farmers of All Categories Rs Lakh 50% cost of the Tube well with maximum Rs /- & for water distribution system of cost with 50% maximum Rs /- Total Rs. 85,000/- 3 Deep Tube Well Farmers of All Categories Rs Lakh 50% cost, maximum Rs lakh. 29

43 4 Artesian Well Farmers of All Categories Rs. 12,000/- 50% cost, maximum Rs. 5000/- 5 Blast Well Farmers of All Categories Rs.1.20 Lakh 50% cost, maximum Rs. 50,000/- 6 Boring by In well Rig Machine Farmers of All Categories Rs. 50,000/- 50% cost, maximum Rs. 7500/- 7 Deepening of Well in Rocky Area Farmers of All Categories Rs. 122/- per hole 50% cost, maximum Rs. 20/- per hole. 8 Surface Pump set (Rocky area of Bundle khand & Allah bad District) Farmers of All Categories Rs. 20,000/- 25% cost, maximum Rs. 3000/- 9 Construction of Check dam Community Work Rs Lakh. Cent percent Subsidy. 10 Renovation of Tank Community Work Rs Lakh Cent percent Subsidy Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Availability of Ground Water: As per available data Zone-wise ground water recharge, exploitation and stage of development in different regions of the state is given in Table Although overall water balance situation appears to be positive yet, 37 blocks at present are over-exploited, 13 blocks are critical and 88 blocks are semi-critical and 675 blocks are in safe categories as per stage of ground water development. The available ground water balance in the State is 2.13 million hectare-meter (M ha-m) and out of this 1.95 M ha-m is available for irrigation purposes. 30

44 Table 2.17: Annual Ground water balance in U.P., S. No. Zone Ground Water Recharge (M ha-m) Ground Water Exploitation (M ha-m) Balance Ground Water (M ha-m) Stage of Development (%) 1 East West Central Bundelkhand Total * 69 Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Irrigation Potential Created: The irrigation potential from Minor Irrigation works at the start of 1 st five year plan was only lakh ha. As per 3 rd Census of Minor Irrigation Works Conducted by Govt. of India in the base year , the actual irrigation potential created through Minor Irrigation Works came to lakh hectares. The position expected at the end of 10 th Five Year Plan, after taking into consideration the depreciation of minor irrigation works at 1% as per 3 rd Census of Minor Irrigation works, is given in Table 2.18 which brings out that the State has made considerable progress through various five year plans and the 10 th plan provided a boost to the development efforts; yet, there remains a tremendous scope for further development in every sub-sector of the agriculture sector including crops, horticulture, animal husbandry and pisciculture. The eleventh plan effort based on district level development plans is envisaged to boost the sectoral growth significantly. 31

45 Table 2.18: Irrigation potential of U.P. S. No. Year Irrigation Potential Created (Lakh ha) Depreciatio n (@ 1%) Net Irrigation Potential (Lakh ha) Source: Official website of Govt. of India and Uttar Pradesh Over All Thus the state has made considerable progress through various five year plans and the 10 th plan provided a boost to the development efforts; yet, there remains a tremendous scope for further development in every sub-sector of the agriculture sector including crops, horticulture, animal husbandry and pisciculture. The eleventh plan effort based on district level development plans is envisaged to boost the sectoral growth significantly. The district agricultural development plan for district Bahraich are, therefore, drawn for the state for consideration of the Planning Commission for the assistance under Additional Central Assistance Scheme in the following pages of the document.. 32

46 COMPREHENSIVE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN BAHRAICH 33

47 Chapter - 3 BAHRAICH DISTRICT: FARM PROFILE The Bahraich district is situated in northeastern part of Uttar Pradesh. It has an international border with Nepal on the northern part; district Barabanki & Sitapur in South, Khiri in West and Gonda & Srawasti in eastern side. Northern part of the district is located under Tarai region, which is covered by the dense natural forest. Chakia, Sujauli, Nishangara, Mihinpurwa, Bichia & Baghauli are the main forest areas of the district. Sarju & Ghaghra are the major rivers of the district. The total geographical area of district is 5020 sq. km., supporting a population of lakh as per 2001 census of which lakh are males and lakh are females and rural population is lakh. The district is densely populated with 538 persons per sq. km, which is below the state average of 689 persons per sq. km. The literacy rate of the district is 36.1 %, of which males account for 47.1% and females 23.1%. The district covers 4 Tehsils, 14 Blocks, 1392 Villages, 122 Naya panchayats and 903 Gram sabhas. The 14 different blocks are Risia, Mihipurwa, Nawabganj, Balha, Shivpur, Chittaura, Payagpur, Visheshwarganj, Mahsi, Tajwapur, Phakharpur, Huzurpur, Kaiserganj and Jarwal. The demographic profile of the district is characterized by its predominantly agrarian nature with a majority of the population living in rural areas. District has high level of poverty, poor literacy and the percentage of working population in comparison to the total population is low and classified as a backward district on the basis of development index. The 89% area of the district is under cultivation. A net sown area is hectares out of which 54% (175 thousand hectares) is sown more than once and 48.7% of the net cropping area is under irrigation. Out of the total irrigated area, 69% irrigation is done from ground water. Small and marginal farmers dominate the scenario of land holding. The normal monsoon rainfall is 1125 mm while the actual figure is 830 mm in 2007 and the rainy season spreads over four months from June to September. The precipitation coupled with the irrigation facility is adequate for crop production. The climatic condition is extreme, very hot in summer and very cold in winter. Agriculture is the predominant economic activity of 34

48 the people and the district has a strong agricultural base. There are three major cropping seasons in the district, kharif, rabi and zaid. The major kharif crops grown in the district are paddy, maize and arhar. Major rabi crops are wheat, lentil and mustard. Sugarcane is the main cash crop of the district and Mentha is also emerging as a cash crop. The main fruit crops are mango and guava. The major allied activities in the district are dairy forming and goat rearing. There is good scope for the development of fisheries, bio-fertilizers, medicinal, spices and aromatic plants. There are total 9 cold stores, 45 rural markets/ mandis, 161 rural godowns and 144 depots (seed, fertilizers and pesticides). State Horticulture Mission (SHM) has included the district for promotion of commercial cultivation, rejuvenation, post harvest management and marketing of commercial horticulture crops like mango, banana, litchi and aonla. As a supplementary to horticulture, micro irrigation component is introduced from for providing drip/ sprinkler/ fogging/ systems to horticulture crops covered under State Horticulture Mission. Under this mission post harvest infrastructure like pack houses and terminal markets are planned in the district. The major constraints being faced in the district are the non-availability of timely and adequate supply of quality inputs such as seed, fertilizers and a strong requirement of marketing support for agriculture produce. The extension services need to be improved with a focus on new technology and environmental concerns. The poor infrastructure in the district is a major constraint for the development of the district. Regular supply of electricity, transport, skilled labour and markets need to be provided for the development of the district. The main profile of the district is given in Table 3.1. Table 3.1. District Profile at a Glance, Item Characteristics Value 1 Area 1.1 Geographical area (Sq km) Forest/ horticulture (ha)

49 1.3 Net sown area (000 ha) Area sown more than once (000 ha) Total cropped area (000 ha) Cropping intensity (%) % 1.7 Fallow land (ha) Land not available for cultivation (ha) Administrative 2.1 No of blocks No of villages (inhabited) 1, No of villages (electrified) 1,203 (87 %) 2.4 No of villages with potable water supply 1361 (99 %) 3 Rainfall (mm) 3.1 Normal Actual (2005) Actual (2006) Agro-climatic region and zone Upper Gangetic plains and Mid plains zone 5 Population (000) 5.1 Total Male Female Population below poverty line

50 6 Literacy (%) 6.1 Total Male Female Credit infrastructure 7.1 Nationalized bank branches Regional Rural Banks Cooperative Banks Cooperative and Village Development Bank 3 8 Agricultural & allied work forces 8.1 Cultivators (16.63%) 8.2 Of whom small & marginal ones (11.70%) 8.3 Agricultural laborers (5.27%) 8.4 Artisans (1.19%) 8.5 Household/cottage industries 18812(0.69%) 8.6 Other workers (1.10%) 9 Irrigation (ha) 9.1 Net irrigated area By Canals By wells/ponds/others By Tube wells

51 10 Agriculture support facilities 10.1 Seed/fertilizers/insecticides depots 18/115/ Rural markets/ mandis (No.) Cold stores (No.) Rural Godowns (No.) Dairy animals 11.1 Cows Buffaloes Sheep/goat/pig 15,200/ 3,50,000/ 50, Poultry birds 2,161,05 Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development & (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.) ( Table 3.2: Distribution of Operational Holdings, Farm size ha Operational holdings Area operated Number % Ha % Less than Between Between Between to Above Total (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.) ( 38

52 3.3. Main Industries The industrial sector of Bahraich is dominated by agro processing/ agro based industries. The main agro processing/ agro based industries are as follows. 1. Sugar mills (04) 2. Rice, Dal and Flour mills 3. Oil expellers (mustard) 4. Mentha oil 5. Cottage units 6. Bakery unit 7. Dairy industry Predominant Economic Activity- Agriculture Major Food and Commercial Crops Wheat, paddy, maize, oilseeds, pulses, sugarcane and mentha etc. Major Horticulture Crops - Mango, litchi, potato and aonla etc. Table 3.4: Targeted and achieved Productivity of various crops in district Bahraich during year & (q/ha) S. No. Crop Growth to be achieved Target Actual Projected Gap (q/ha) Percent 1. Wheat Rice Bajra Urd Groundnut Barley Pea Source: Official website of Govt of U.P. And Department of Agriculture, U.P. 39

53 Table 3.5: Production of main crops, S. No. Crop Cropped Area (ha.) % Share to cropped area Production (MT) 1. Paddy 159, , Wheat 154, , Sugarcane ,015, Oilseeds 9, , Pulses 56, , Corn 87, , Potato 2, , Onion , Vegetables 5, Others 60, ,700 Total 549, ,938,879 Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development 40

54 Table 3.6: Total cropped area of main crops, & S. No. Crop Cropped Area ( ) (ha.) Cropped Area ( ) 1. Paddy 157, , Wheat 158, , Sugarcane 24, Oilseeds 10,727 9, Pulses 58,989 56, Corn 87,633 87, Potato 1,698 2, Onion Vegetables. 5, Others ,031 Total 502, ,981 Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development 41

55 Table 3.7: Block wise fertilizer consumption, (MT) S. No. Block Nitrogen Phosphorous Potash Total 1. Mihipurwa Nawabganj Balha Shivpur Risia Chittaura Mahsi Tajwapur Phakharpur Huzurpur Kaiserganj Jarwal Payagpur Visheshwarganj Total (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.) ( Table 3.8: District and sate wise productivity of major crops, (q/ha) Crop District Productivity State Productivity Wheat Rice Maize Bajra Jowar Barley

56 Groundnut Sugarcane Urd Moong Gram Lentil Arhar Total pulses Soyabean Mustard Oilseed Potato Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Table 3.9: Block wise details of area under different crops, Block Paddy Wheat Maize Lentil Sugarc ane Urd Gram Grou ndnut (ha) Musta rd 1. Mihipurwa Nawabganj Balha Shivpur Risia Chittaura Mahsi Tajwapur Phakharpur Huzurpur Kaiserganj Jarwal Payagpur

57 13. Visheshwarganj Total (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.) ( 3.4 The Main Crop: Paddy The Bahraich district is one of the major paddy growing district of the state. This crop accounts for 29 % of total cropped area. The total area under cultivation is 159 thousand hectares, out of which 20 thousand hectares area is under irrigation. Table : Block wise area of paddy crop, S. No. Block Production (MT) Productivity (Q/ha.) 1 Mihipurwa 23, Nawabganj 21, Balha 24, Shivpur 19, Risia 21, Chittaura 22, Mahsi 22, Tajwapur 20, Phakharpur 22, Huzurpur 19, Kaiserganj 25, Jarwal 21, Payagpur 20, Visheshwarganj 20, Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development 44

58 Table : Block-wise details of total area of paddy crop under cultivation Year S. No. Block Area under cultivation (ha.) Irrigated (ha.) Rainfed (ha.) 1 Mihipurwa 17, ,000 2 Nawabganj 14,721 3,988 10,733 3 Balha 13,505 1,360 12,145 4 Shivpur 17,357 1,957 15,400 5 Risia 10, ,225 6 Chittaura 11,472 2,919 8,553 7 Mahsi 16, ,510 8 Tajwapur 7, ,209 9 Phakharpur 10,545 1,558 8, Huzurpur 5, , Kaiserganj 4, , Jarwal 4, , Payagpur 12,724 2,862 9, Visheshwarganj 12,435 2,742 9,693 Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development 45

59 3.5. Marketing There are around 7 agriculture production mandi samities out of which 4 are in the rural area and 3 are in urban area. The district also has 146 Gramin Godowns, 131 with cooperatives and 15 with the agriculture department. In addition, there are about 5 gramin godowns in private sector. The district has several rice mills that provide an opportunity for the processing of the grain for value addition purposes. However for realization of remunerative price for the product the markets need to be developed with all infrastructure facilities Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Poultry and Fisheries Animal husbandry sector within agriculture sector contributes more than 25% total value of out put. Small and marginal farmers (70%) dominate this district to generate additional income and nearly three animals are attached to each land holding on an average. This sector is the most popular and significant allied activity in the rural as well as urban areas and it is good source of supplementary income for the poor and women can easily take this activity. The district has around 201 milk societies spread over all the blocks, of which 110 are working with membership of There are 5 chilling plants; Parag dairy with a capacity of liters, Devasish group with 10,000 liters, Singhania dairy at Nanpara with 10,000 liters, Keshav group at Bahraich proper with 10,000 ltrs and Gyan dairy with 20,000 ltrs. The Keshav and Gyan dairy are presently not in operation. There is shortage of FYM and cow dung produced in the district is mostly used for burning thus non-availability of FYM in the district has further aggravated the problems poor soil fertility. Therefore action plans encouraging dairy activity in the district will be beneficial. 46

60 Table : Dairy Profile of District, Population of breedable Cross bred cows 1, Population of breedable Desi Cows 144, Population of breedable bufalloes 108, Total Milk production (000 Litres) 1,23, Average yield (ml/day/person) Number of Milk Societies 110 out of 201 are functional 7. District level chilling facility 5 plants Source: Potential Linked Credit Plan ( ), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development The scenario of dairy is not so good in Bahraich, though potential does exist to improve this sector. Table : Block wise livestock population, S.No. Block Cow Buffalo Total Goat Sheep Pig Poultry (Cow + buffalo) 1 Mihipurwa Nawabganj Balha Shivpur Risia Chittaura Mahsi Tajwapur Phakharpur Huzurpur Kaiserganj

61 12 Jarwal Payagpur Visheshwarganj Total (Source: Statistical Magazine; Govt. of U.P.) ( Poultry is an important activity allied to agriculture sector and has got ample scope for development in the district. The agro-climatic conditions in the district are suitable for poultry development. The estimated annual egg production is around 192 lakh eggs, which works out to be 8 eggs per person per annum, as against the national average per capita availability of 40 eggs per person per annum. Goat and piggery are also an important subsidiary activity in the district that could be taken up by the rural poor. The estimated meat production in the district is around 14-lakh kg, which works out to 590 grams per person per annum as against the recommended level of 9 kg per person per annum. 48

62 Chapter - 4 POTENTIALS, STRATEGIES AND VISION FOR FARM SECTOR Bahraich is one of the backward district of Uttar Pradesh with a plenty of opportunities for agriculture and allied sectors development. District population consists largely of SC/ST people. There are 14 development blocks in the district and the average rainfall of the district is 1100 mm. The district is predominantly agarian having small and marginal fragmented land holdings with low productivity and lack of diversification in cropping pattern. Net cropped area during year is covered by wheat (28 %), paddy (29 %), pulses (11.75 %), maize (16 %), vegetables (1%) and other crops (7.64 %). The picture in summer is not as bright, as only little more than 50 % area is covered under main crops. It clearly indicates that there are problems with regard to irrigation during summer, because of which there is no scope of area expansion under kharif crops. Shortage of power supply during summer coupled with high water demand of kharif crops specially rice results in less sown area during kharif season. Area expansion in pulses during kharif season can be an important alternative. Because of uneconomic and unviable land holdings, there is an urgent need to promote capital intensive, high value activities like poultry, dairy and bee keeping need to be promoted. Vegetable production though leads to high productivity; but it needs quick and assured market and calls for improving market infrastructure. The constraints, limiting growth and productivity of agriculture in Bahraich district are: 4.1 Soil and Land Related Constraints Deficiency of macro and micronutrients. Poor Organic Carbon in the soils Water logging in the soils. 4.2 Water, Power and Water Use Efficiency Related Constraints 49

63 Lack of extension support for drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Power supply needs to be made dependable. Inadequate irrigation facilities because of insufficient boring for tube wells. Absence of water harvesting structure. 4.3 Seed and Planting Materials Related Constraints Low SRR of improved variety of wheat, paddy, maize, pulses and vegetable. Lack of good quality seed supply centers. In adequate viability of high quality fruits planting materials. 4.4 Constraints Related to Adoption of High Value Crops Inadequate of market infrastructure. Poor of post harvest handling and storage facilities for vegetables and fruits Technology Related Constraints Lack of good agronomic practices such as relay cropping to improve cropping intensity. Insufficient extension staffs for technology transfer. Lack of diagnostic plant clinics Infrastructure Related Constraints Lack of infrastructure for harnessing agro-processing and fruit/ vegetables processing potentials for promotion of Agro-processing industries. Lack of marketing facilities, pukka plantation and sheds. 50

64 Lack of cold storage facilities Constraints related to production and use of organic manures Need for promoting setting up of additional bio-fertilizer and biopesticide units Lack of awareness about usefulness of organic manures. Table 4.1: Strategy to achieve higher growth rate in crop sector Item Present trends / potentials Wheat Occupies an area i.e. 155 thousand hectares of total cropped area, Productivity is low and yield in last 3 years is constant around 24 q/ha, which can be increased to Q/ha. Constraints Poor seed replacement rate. Low balanced fertilizer consumption. Traditional Methods of Farming Less technology Intervention Inadequate electricity for tube wells Strategy Faster seed replacement with superior varieties Balanced use of fertilizers and organic manures. Make available farming inputs, organized farmer Trainings. Electricity Power allocation Technology Transfer from KVKs. Seed treatment Rice Maize Potato Occupies maximum area i.e. 162 thousand hectares. Yield in last 3 years is constant around Q/ha. Potential exist to increase this yield marginally to q/ha Lack of improved varieties. Poor SRR and poor water management. Low fertilizer application. Occupies 88 thousand Poor seed replacement hectare, yield i.e of composite varieties Q/ha, potential exist to take Poor irrigation during it to 23.5 Q/ha. summer, low balance fertilizer application. Occupies 2.0 thousand hectare area, productivity 223 Q/ha, can be increased to 300 Q/ha. Improve water management i.e. adequate water or follow ridge and furrow system of cultivation. Following NFSM guideline and INP New composite varieties with 100 % SRR. Improve irrigation. Balanced use of fertilizers and organic manures. Making access to Farming inputs Farmer Trainings Seed Treatment Quality seed potato is Assure quality seed potato. not available. Disease Processing units needed in and marketing problems. the vicinity. 51

65 Sugarcane Cultivated only on 21 thousand hectare area. Productivity very good ( Q/ha). Poor seed replacement rate. Low fertilizer consumption. Less technology Intervention Inadequate electricity for tube wells Mainly depending on Monsoon Extension activities to be promoted Full seed replacement with superior varieties Farmers should be covered under the agricultural insurance scheme. Encouragement of sugar mills through various schemes. Promotion of farmer tie-ups with sugar mills. Balanced use of fertilizers and use of organic manures. Making access to Farming inputs Pulses Total area in pulses is 56 thousand hectare. The productivity is low. The area is suitable for pulses and poor yields are due to poor SRR. There is a good scope to increase productivity of winter pulses pea and gram. Vegetables Except potato, which is taken as a separate crop, vegetables do not occupy significant area, though these can be high value, high-income crops for small and marginal farmers. Small and marginal farmers Others 70% cultivators are small and marginal farmers. Farmers training for high tech precision based farming. Lack of SRR and poor agronomic techniques. Lack of extension. Lack of improved varieties (Hybrids). Lack of marketing facilities for perishable produce. Uneconomical land holdings cannot attract capital in investment. Small and marginal farmers have poor economic base. Shortage of extension staff. Give subsidized seeds of improved varieties and demonstrate new technology of ICRISAT. Vegetables production can be remunerative for small and marginal farmers. Onion production in winter and cucurbits in summer can be popularized. Protective cultivation is encouraged. Arrange customized farmers training. Encourage cooperatives and provide Agro-service centres. Capital subsidy for vocations like bee keeping, dairy and protective vegetable production. Implement farmers training. There should be need based and location specific training 52

66 THE VISION Planning at grass root level requires Participatory Rural Appraisal of different schemes to be implemented. Survey of different blocks of Bahraich shows people aspiration and expectation in the coming years as under: Improvement in irrigation facilities and systems. Availability of high quality planting material especially of potato and vegetable crops. Support for pulses production for increasing area under pulses Increase in cold storage capacity for potato and other perishable crops. The farmers have also desired for capital support for farm machinery or to make it available through cooperatives. There is need to improve fodder availability for cattle (green and dry round the year). Farmers are interested in increasing heads of dairy cattle particularly buffalos. The vision is to see flourishing dairy units in the district with good number of chilling plants. The farmers find present cost of crop production as very high and would adopt for organic farming if incentivised. Increase in cash flow to farm women of small and marginal holdings by ventures such as bee keeping, vegetable growing, dairy and fisheries are in demand, if initial capital is provided Farmers are looking for adopting new technologies, if trained and demonstrated. Farmers desire establishment of post harvest handling and packaging facilities. 53

67 There is a strong demand for improvement in marketing infrastructure for crop and animal produce. Based on the existing resources and potentials, following vision will be achievable by implementation of proposed programme and state plan schemes. Table 4.1: Productivity Targets in Crop Sector for District Bahraich (q/ha) Commodity Productivity (q/ha) Present Potential Percent annual growth to be targeted Wheat Paddy Maize Bajra Pea Barley Total pulses Pigeon pea The strategy will be to increase the productivity mainly of winter crops and pulses, which are less dependent on irrigation. It will be mainly achieved through high quality seed and planting material, as well as timely supply of other inputs and balanced fertilizer application. The irrigation is a big challenge in the district, which can be overcome by rainwater harvesting, regular supply of electricity to utilize the availability of ground water and desiltation of the existing canals. There is an acute problem of cold stores facilities, presently being insufficient. It is suggested to set up more cold stores, one in each block for potato, vegetables and fruits. The soil health is an acute problem, encouraging organic farming and addition of organic matter will sustain the increase in productivity, which can be fulfilled by setting up of vermicompost / organic manure plants with a view to promote the concept of organic farming among farmers. Mulching programme is also a 54

68 good alternative to retain the soil moisture as well as to check soil erosion and ultimately it will reduce cost of production. 55

69 Chapter - 5 PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMMES IN CROP SECTOR So as to tap the existing potential both in crop sector and animal husbandry, there is a necessity to increase the allocation of funds to the ongoing schemes in different line departments, essentially because most of other central sector schemes in farm sector do not fully address block/ panchayat level needs and the available resources are thinly spread over large areas. However, there is a necessity to monitor and evaluate all the existing schemes/interventions and modify the annual plan for the agriculture sector accordingly. Such funds may be set apart for restructuring and assessment of new schemes on annual basis. As per existing farming situation in the State, there exists untapped potential both for increasing cropping intensity and productivity. With the programmes/ interventions proposed hereunder and support to existing schemes, it should be possible for the state to achieve the targets of the 6 percent annual growth rate in crop sector and 12 percent annual growth rate in livestock, dairy, poultry and fisheries sector. Various interventions/programmes proposed to be taken up in the district for this purpose are outlined as follows: I - AGRICULTURE A. SOIL MANAGEMENT AND LAND USE PROJECT Deteriorating soil health is a serious problem in Bahraich, not only the organic matter is low but also imbalance of major nutrients NPK and micronutrients have telling effect on crop yield, the following programme is suggested in project mode. The soils of entire region are poor in organic carbon. The large part of cow dung is being used for burning and not for farmyard manure. Under this programme three components are being proposed. I. Improving soil health through green manuring II. Demonstrating nutrient management through Integrated Nutrient Management System (INM) 56

70 III. Promoting organic farming system In Bahraich district, the above three components are proposed for implementation, the outlined budget for this is given below: (i) Enrichment of Organic Carbon Content Using Green Manuring To make the productivity sustainable, good soil health is very important. At present the organic carbon is very low in the soils of Bahraich. Growing and incorporation of legumes and green manure crops are required. Daincha, sunhemp, cow pea etc can both fix nitrogen as well as add organic carbon. It is proposed that the government may provide seed of green manure crops to 3.5 lakh farm holdings in a span of five years. Accordingly, 70,000 farm units will be covered each year. Each holding will be provided with green manure crops seeds worth Rs and government will bear a subsidy of Rs per holding. The seed grown by first 70,000 farm units in the first year will be purchased by the government for the distribution among the next farm units in subsequent years. (ii) Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) System Balanced use of plant nutrients is essential for sustainable development of agriculture. The goal of IPNS is to integrate the use of all natural and man made sources of plant nutrients, so as to increase crop productivity in an efficient manner. 10 demonstration trials of one-fourth hectare each will be conducted in every block and an amount of Rs per demonstration is needed. It is also proposed to provide an assistance for application of Rs 1250 per ha as INM package to the farmers. A farmer will be given an assistance for a maximum of 2 ha area under pulses each season. The farmer once given assistance will not be entitled to get the assistance for the same land next year. Budget estimates for district are given in table

71 Table 5.1. Plan for Improving Soil Health (Rs. Lakh) S. No. Item Unit cost Year Year Year Year Year Total 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 1. Green manuring Supply of green manure seed 2. Integrated Nutrient Management 72,000 farm units per Rs. 50/ farm Rs / demonstration Support to pulse Rs 500 per ha, area under pulses ha Total (iii) Management of Sulphur Status in Soil of Intensive Agriculture system to maintain Sulphur Availability to Plants In intensive agriculture with high yielding varieties, status of sulphur in the soil has depleted. Wheat and oilseed crops needs sufficient quantum of available sulphur during the crop life to give optimum production. Sulphur is essential element for growth, physiological functioning, production and resistance to environmental stress and pests. Sulphur can be supplemented in the soil either with crude pulverized sulphur (micronised) or incorporation of gypsum. Sulphur oxidizing bacteria slowly release this sulphur. Naturally occurring Sulphur oxidizing bacteria load in the soil is usually very low hence availability takes quite long period. Third source of sulphur supplementation is phosphogypsum available as byproduct in fertilizer industry. It is suggested that phosphogypsum, along with virulent sulphur oxidizing culture can be incorporated in the soil at the rate of 2.5 MT/ha, in the kharif season. This incorporation will normalize the ph to a reasonable extent and also make available required quantum of sulphur to current kharif crop as well as to rabi crops. 58

72 Cost of treatment per hectare: MT phosphogypsum per ha Rs.2200/MT/year = Rs.5500 per year Plan for Budget Estimate Area Total area Unit cost Total budget for 5 years for proposed per district for 5 years Bahraich District (Rs. Lakh) with 50 % subsidy 1000 ha/year 5000 ha Rs. 5500/ha (iv) Establishment, Renovation and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories and Soil Health Card Programme Soil testing & fertilizer testing laboratories For sustainable production of Agri and horticultural crops in the state. It is prime need to maintain the soil health in terms of available macro and micronutrients in the soil. Therefore, every farmer must be aware about the soil fertility status of their farms viz, soil ph, organic carbon, E.C, macro and micronutrients in the soil. This is only possible if the soil testing laboratories established at district level are well equipped with latest and ultra modern soil testing apparatus like Atomic soil testing analyzer etc. Henceforth, the farmers of the district may get quick and correct result of supplied soil samples. Therefore, upgrading and strengthening the soil-testing lab, is one of the important aspects, under the proposed programme. The purchasing of ultramodern soil testing equipments for accurate estimation and increasing the soil testing numbers in short period. Along with that repairs of unmanageable labs and furnishing also. The following budget provision is proposed to be made available at each laboratory located at district level. 59

73 Table 5.2: Budget Estimates for Upgrading and Strengthening Of Soil Testing Laboratories (Rs. Lakh) S. No. Item I st II nd III rd IV th V th Total (lakh) 1 Purchase of Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Macro & Micro nutrients) and allied equipments. 2 Furnishing, repairing and maintenance Total

74 B. Adoption of Organic Farming System Farming has become a non-remunerative enterprise in general. It is still continuing due to Agriculture being a way of life, in majority of the cases. The above situation has developed on account of following: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Development of high soil ph on account of heavy use of chemical fertilizers. Soil and water pollution. Deficiency of soil micronutrients. Loss of soil micro flora and fauna. Higher cost of production due to high input cost. Therefore, Organic Farming is one of the sustainable and viable alternatives to conventional farming system, because it improves the soil health, utilizes natural resources, farm waste, reduces air and water pollution and finally produces high quality end products, having longer shelf life. The demand for organic products is increasing at national and international level and the requirement of traceability in food products has become mandatory in European and other developed countries. The programme is proposed to be launched with 100% government support, so that soil health is restored and maintained. Financial support is proposed in the following table. A cluster of farmers will be registered for organic farming; the number of farmers in a cluster will depend upon size of their holdings. It is proposed to start organic farming systems covering an area of 500 ha in the district. The unit cost of establishing and training for organic farming system is given here under. Only in the second year of the project the organic farming system will be established but training will start from first year. 61

75 The proposed area is in addition to the area already under organic farming under NHM. Item Unit cost Total Cost Farmers Registration, On farm input management, Internal Control System (ICS), Online farm management, critical intervention, external inspection, certification Cluster of farms will be formed according to cropping patterns of the selected areas Rs per ha/ year irrespective of number of crops grown. This will involve on-farm input management, internal control system & certification. Rs. 35 Lakh Deliverables of the project: Increase in yield of major crops by 5 to 7 % in a span of 2 to 3 years. Reduction in the cost of production Complete recycling of Agri waste Reduction in the carbon emission Improvement in animal health Improvement in soil organic carbon level Improvement in the soil microflora Normalization of ph Improvement in the availability of nutrient to the crops Ten to twenty percent water saving due to moisture conservation Reduction in the soil pollution, air, water pollution Safe food availability 62

76 C. WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION 1. EFFICIENT USE OF WATER RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT Since the availability of water supply is the major constraint in the district there is a dire need to promote water conservation and efficient on farm water management practices to improve the productivity per unit of water consumed. Under this programme the following components are being proposed. (i) Adoption and promotion of precision farming techniques through micro irrigation Micro irrigation system enhances irrigation and water use efficiency. It also helps to increase the fertilizer use efficiency. Being one of the main components of precision farming, it can be of great help for small and marginal farmers. Use of these techniques involves an expenditure of Rs. 40,000 per ha. It is proposed to cover 3000-hectare area for various crops in five years. Each year covering 600 ha area will be covered. It is proposed to give a subsidy of 50 % on the system. Provision has been made for 120 lakh per year and 600 lakh in five years (Table 5.3). It is proposed to cover this area in addition to area covered under National Horticulture Mission (NHM) or Central Sector Schemes under Precision Farming. (ii) Demonstration cum training of ridge and furrow system of paddy cultivation for increasing water use efficiency and ecofriendly cultivation The paddy is generally cultivated in puddled fields and is planted in standing water. Recently a new technique transplanting of paddy seedlings on both sides of ridges under non puddled conditions has been reported to have given good yield with only 50 percent quantity of water use along with efficient utilization of added plant nutrients. It also provides better micro- climate, which further reduces the incidence of pests and diseases. Also, this method improves the soil texture and soil health with lesser pollution of ground water. The weed problem under this technique can effectively be controlled with the use of new herbicide (s) with no residual effects on succeeding crops. In this method, wheat bed planter is used for preparing ridges on well-prepared field. Three-four weeks old seedlings of paddy are transplanted on both sides of ridges keeping a distance 63

77 of six inches between the seedlings and four inches above from the bottom of the furrow. Thus 33 seedlings per square meter will be maintained as in case of conventional transplanting. It is proposed to conduct demonstrations of this technology to convince the farmers that water can be saved in paddy cultivation without compromising with the yield. Each block will be provided with a bed planter for conducting demonstrations and a total sum of Rs. 20,000 will be spent on each training. Financial 1. Bed Rs 70,000 required one per block 2. Training cum demonstration: five Rs. 20,000 per training each year. Item Unit cost No. of units Cost per year (lakh) Total cost (lakh) Bed Rs 0.70 per block 1 per block No. 14 Cost Training cum Rs per block No Cost Total

78 Table 5.3 Budget Estimate for Water Conservation and Water Use Efficiency Particulars Micro irrigation (Portable sprinkler system) [Add ional Area over NHM & other Central Sector Schemes] Training Cum Demonstratio n of New Technology of Water Saving in Paddy Unit Cost (Rs lakh) Rs. 40,000 per ha with 50 % subsidy (Rs. Lakh) Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. 600 ha ha ha ha ha No. Amt. Total Rs Total Deliverables of the project 1. Increase in cropping intensity by 15 percent. Thereby bringing 15 % increase in production 2. Reduction in the usar land area. 3. Increase in productivity on account of water availability at critical stage of plant growth. 4. Increase in area under high value crops and profitability of small and marginal farmers. 5. Improvement in quality of produce 6. Improvement in profitability 65

79 D. SEED AND PLANTING MATERIAL The seed is the most crucial agriculture input for improving the production and productivity of crops. Better seed replacement ratio coupled with proper seed treatment can largely contribute improving the yield of crops per unit area. Similarly availability of high quality planting material for horticulture crops can improve their productivity. The following interventions are proposed to be taken up under this programme: (i) Establishment of Seed Treatment and Demonstrations Units at Gram Panchayats Level for early and high germination rate to increase crop yield The concept of seed treatment is the use and application of biological and chemical agents that control or contain primary soil and seed borne infestation of insect, pests and diseases which pose serious threats to crop production and improving crop safety leading to good establishment of healthy and vigorous plants resulting better in yields. The benefits of seed treatment are as follows: Increased germination Ensures uniform seedling emergence, Protect seeds or seedlings from early season diseases and insect pests thereby improving crop emergence and its growth. Improved plant population and thus higher productivity. Presently, 70% requirement of seed is met from the farmer s own stock which goes for sowing without seed treatment. The demonstrations and training on seed treatment will be provided at gram Panchayats level, and each year 20 % gram Panchayats in a district will be covered. The demonstrations will be conducted in one-acre area and the farmers will be trained simultaneously on the techniques of seed treatment. The estimated cost is worked out in Table

80 Table 5.4 Budget estimates of Seed Treatment Demonstrations at Gram Panchayats Level S. No. Items Cost Cost (Rs. Lakh) Total (Rs. Lakh) 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year 1. Seeds One demonstration for each gram panchayat. 1/5 th gram panchayats will be covered each year. For 180 demonstration each of 0.40 ha Rs. 50 / Demo Do Seed treating Drums one for each gram panchayats 4 Operational Charges/ demonstratio n 1/5 th of the gram panchayats will be covered each year. Rs per drum Rs / demonstration TOTAL (ii) Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material for Improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) The major field and horticultural crops of the district are wheat, potato, maize, pulses, rice and vegetables, where immediate replacement of seed and planting material with improved variety can boost the production and productivity. This programme is required to be taken in a project mode. Except for hybrids in maize, improved varieties in rice and vegetable crops, the farmers can produce the certified seed/ foundation seed (stage -2). It is proposed that the farmer may get his crop inspected, so that instead of certified 67

81 seed, he is able to produce foundation seed (stage -2). In order to meet the desired seed replacement requirement, it is proposed to provide foundation seed to one fifth of the farmers every year and the seed produced by these farmers will supplied to the next lot of farmers in subsequent years. To support nutritional kitchen garden as well as production of high value crops by small and marginal farmers, special emphasis is required to be given to provide high quality vegetable seeds to the farmers. Details of estimated budget outlay are proposed in Table 5.5 Table 5.5 Budget estimates making availability of quality seed and planting material Crop Total Foundation Subsidy in Cost (Rs. Lakh) Total Seed seed cost to the Cost Required required to farmers on 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th (Rs. each year produce the foundation Year Year Year Year Year Lakh) (ql) certified seed Wheat q each year Paddy q each year Maize (1/5 th seed will be replaced with composite s) 9000 each year Composite (100%) Pulses q, 1/5 th Vegetable s (open pollinated varieties) pea, beans, radish, turnip, okra, cucurbits. Vegetable s (small area will be covered each year q, 1/5 th area will be covered each year % Seed Rs Rs Rs. Rs. Rs. 500 / kg (OP Rs per kg

82 seeded hybrids) tomato, capsicum, chillies, cole crops. every year Total Note: the state seed corporation under the supervision of the seed testing authority will produce Pulses and open pollinated vegetable seeds on farmer s fields. To the extent possible, seed can be purchased from private seed companies (holding them fully responsible for outcome) and distributed to the farmers on subsidized rates. (iii) Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity India in general and U.P in particularly needs to increase the availability of Pulses, as important nutrients contributor, increase in Cropping intensity and Profitability The Pulse crop additionally contribute availability level of Nitrogen as well as increase the soil organic carbon if residues are incorporated in the soil It is proposed to address the enhancement of area and yield for Pulses under NFSM norms. However, two different basis will have to adopted in the efforts. In existing Pulses pockets, farmers should be given target of putting 50% more area under pulses. Over the last record on increased area farmers should be provided incentive as per NFSM norms In the pockets or farmers where Pulses are not taken incentive to pursue to opt for Pulses cultivation. 69

83 Unit Incentives S.No. Unit Amount 1 INM subsidy/ha 50% upto Max. Rs.1250/Ha 2 IPM 50% or upto Max. Rs. 750/Ha 3 Distribution of Portable sprinkler 50% or upto Max. Rs. 7500/Ha Bahraich should Target 5000 Ha of new pulse area either in existing farmers field or at New farmers/ New pocket area BUDGET: For District Bahraich S.No. Particulars Years/Area Ha 1 INM/@1250/Ha IPM/@Rs.750/Ha Sprinkler Rs TOTAL Those farmers who are already availing the benefit under NFSM scheme will not be entitled for additional incentives. 70

84 E. TECHNOLOGY DISSEMINATION The extension structure of the district is deficient in staff as well as the present status of extension services in Uttar Pradesh is not based on information and communication technology. It is required that for reaching out every farm unit a new programme i.e. based on information and communication technology be adopted. The outline of the programme is given here under: (i) Customized Farmer Trainings and Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) In order to provide training to the farmers which are need based and location and weather specific as linked to marketing and timing of crops. It is proposed to set up integrated farmer training centers at block level. These centers will be used for organizing the trainings in crop production, safe and efficient use of agriculture machinery, efficient use of pesticides, dairy, animal health and allied agriculture occupations. For organizing the trainings for farmers of each block, it will cost Rs. 7.5 lakh per block per annum, (Table 5.6). This will take care of on farm extension activities at block level. Table 5.6: Budget estimates for farmers training based at block level Cost Component Annual Cost (Rs. lakh) Unit Cost Cost per per block district 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th (Rs. lakh) (Rs. lakh) Year Year Year Year 5 th Year Total (Rs. lakh) Man power cost 1. Block level officer District level officer T.A. & D.A Equipments 1. Weather recorder Computer with accessories 2 3. Video phone, GPS, etc Operational charges

85 and replacements Total (ii) Establishment of Integrated Farmers Training Center $ (IFTC) at District Level The Agri-technologies are being upgraded all over the world constantly to optimize the production in the ever-changing climate. Significant improvements have taken place in varieties; seed technology, fertilizer use, better water management practices and efficient management of pest and diseases, but these have not yet reached the farmers. Therefore, there is a need to start integrated farm training centers where the farmers can be trained and demonstrated the latest technologies in all components of farming i.e. crop husbandry, dairy, animal breeding, poultry, fisheries and other ventures such as bee keeping, mushroom production, post harvest handling and marketing. This way transfer of technologies from lab to land can be executed at nominal cost. Training Units Components Crop husbandry Precision farming Natural resource management training Seed and planting material unit Crop protection unit Farm management and marketing unit Organic farming unit Post harvest management unit Animal husbandry Fisheries and poultry Entrepreneurial ventures Dairy unit Cattle and livestock improvement unit Veterinary unit Fisheries unit Poultry unit Bee keeping Mushroom production Home scale food preservation Sericulture 72

86 Infrastructure Following Infrastructure will be required at each training centre Hostel for training participants- 30 rooms with the facility to stay 4 persons per room. Halls for training- 4 numbers. Demonstration units- 50 numbers. Fifty staff quarters. Table 5.7: Budget Estimates for Integrated Farm Training Centre (IFTC) (Rs. Lakh) Items Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total Capital requirements * 100 * 100 * 800 Management & operational cost Total * Maintenance and up gradation cost of the training units The Integrated farm training centre will be setup in the existing Agriculture Deptt., Farm Trainees will be provided with subsidized lodging and boarding during their training period which is included in the proposed management budget. Integrated farm training centre can be administered by Dept. of Agriculture wherever it can be accommodated at agriculture farm or may be established at KVK/KGK along with their trial and demonstration farm. (iii) Establishment of Agri- knowledge and Market Information Center at Block Level With the advent of information technology and its application in nearly all- 73

87 social and economical fields the rural population, which is basically farming oriented is still not deriving the benefits compared to the urban lot and other economic sectors. Therefore, it is proposed to establish agriculture knowledge and market information centers across the state in all the blocks. Bahraich district having fourteen blocks will cost Rs lakh. Table 5.8: Establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centre at Block Level Cost Component Cost per District Cost (Rs. lakh) Total block (Rs. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th (Rs. lakh) Year Year Year Year Year lakh) Man power Equipment Kiasko (Touch screen) Operational charges and contingency Training and literature Total (iv) Publication and Mass Campaign for Resources Development of Agri and Allied Sector using ICT The publication training and mass campaign system has a vital role in the overall development of agriculture and allied sector. However, present agriculture extension system is not designed to meet out the integrated requirement of the farmers. According to the multidimensional needs of the farmers, the publication awareness and mass campaign with the full support by training will provide extra and latest information to the farmers in their respective fields as and when required. Therefore, to make timely available and proper use of printing materials and electronic media related to every modern technology can be passed on very 74

88 quickly up to the grassroot level (learning by doing and seeing by doing ) and to cover every village of the entire district and state. Financial Under the above mentioned project a provision has been made of Rs 2 crores for 5 years (XIth Five Year Plan) ie. 40 Lakh per annum. (v) Training cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management In Major Crops Insects and diseases control based on chemical insecticides & fungicides has played havoc with soil health, environment and quality of food products in U.P. Following disadvantages have cropped up: Constant increase in the cost of pest control due to increase in the cost of pesticides. Resistance developed in pest & diseases requires repeated application and involves higher cost. Minor pests are becoming a major problem in certain situations. Heavy residue problems in Vegetables & other food products such as food grains, oil seeds, fruits, particularly mango, banana, bitter gourd, tomato, brinjal, okra, cabbage, cauliflower. Friendly Parasites & Predators have been killed Soil, Water, Air & Human and animal milk having high pesticide residues. In order to save the soil, sub-soil-water, air, humans and animals from this tragic situation, it is essential that Integrated Pest Management programme should be introduced at mass scale, particularly in cash crops described above. Introduction of Integrated Pest Management will include following steps: 75

89 Farmers training Concept of IPM utility over chemical approach Cultural method Mechanical method Biological method & Physical Method Agronomical practices Time of sowing to reduce the incidence of Pests & diseases Mixed Cropping Border catch crop Mixed catch crop Usefulness of Bio-pesticides Useful tool of Bio-pesticides like Beauria Basiana, Verticilium, Metarhizum, Trichoderma, Pseudomonas etc. Use of botanicals, like Neem and its various parts, karanj etc. Liquid herbal base insecticides like fermented cow dung + Cow urine + Leaves of Neem, Ipomea, etc. Use of other tools likes sex pheromones, light traps, trench method etc. It is proposed to go in for training cum demonstration of IPM technology on the farmer fields and following financial norms may be adopted: Twenty training cum demonstrations per block are suggested in one year, which cost Rs. 40,000 per training and Rs. 5,000 for inputs. For demonstration minimum size of area should be half of an acre. 76

90 Table 5.9: Training Cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management Item Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total No Training cum Demonstration of IPM Rs per training Inputs for IPM training No Rs Total Cost (vi) Training cum Demonstration of Weed Management in Major Crops The association of weed with the crops is well known because weeds compete with the crops for various growth factors like light, space, nutrients moisture etc. The competition of weeds reduces the crop yield from 15 to 25 percent depending upon the type of weed flora, its intensity and duration of competition. The introduction of dwarf genotypes with the high inputs uses like fertilizers and irrigation requirements has further aggravated the weeds problems. The project will consist of training and demonstrations on chemical weed control in major crops of the region. Table 5.10: Budget estimate for weed management in major crops (lakh.) Item Unit cost No. of Cost per year Total cost units Demonstrations per block No Cost Training per block No Cost Total

91 (vii) Strengthening of Krishi Vigyan Kendra/ Krishi Gyan Kendra KVK/ KGK is very prestigious unit in the district, which provides latest production technology to the farmers by different ways. To provide latest information and training to the farmers, it is necessary that KVK/ KGK must be up to date. Therefore, farmers may get their utilization, advisement and to applied latest techniques at their own farms. Therefore, strengthening of KVK/ KGK located in the state under present situation is important to increase the productivity of state in agriculture sector. The following budget provision has been made for strengthening the KVK/KGK in the district under proposed programme during XIth Five Year Plan. Table 5.11: Budget estimate Strengthening of Krishi Vigyan Kendra/ Krishi Gyan Kendra (in Lakh) 1 S.No. Items Year 2 3 Strengthening of lodging and boarding facilities for farmers Upgradation of audio visual facilities & Generator/Inverter Organization of trainings 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Total TOTAL (viii) Farmers Study Tour within U.P. and outside U.P. In order to induce competitive instinct in the minds of farmers of lesserdeveloped areas, it is essential to expose them to well develop pockets of U.P. at first stage. These visits will strengthen the confidence of farmers in new technologies and see the practical adoption of new technologies. Personal interaction and 78

92 listening to success stories from horses mouth will change the mind set and to adjust the changes in their own package of practices. In Bahraich the progressive farmers should be included in the proposed study tour. Various agriculture segments for improvement can be selected like: Fish culture visit from West to East U.P, Higher production of potato from all over up to Kannauj/ Farrukhabad/ Agra, better mechanization of farms in West U.P from all over U.P. Additionally farmers could also visit other states like:- Maharashtra & Valsad (Gujarat) to see the organsed mango cultivation, Nasik for grapes, onion, Satara for ginger cultivation, Dairy- Haryana/ Punjab/ Gujarat Budget Budget for study tour in U.P- 250 farmers/ block every year i.e., 1250 farmers/ Block in 5 years. The visit will be organized twice in a year. Cost of each (two days) visit Rs. 400/ farmer including Transportation & Lodging/ Boarding Budget cost of each visit /Block - Rs. 5 lakh / Block/ 5 Yrs Total Budget/ block/ 5yr = 10 lakh Total cost for the district with 14 blocks (Bahraich): 140 lakh for 5 years Out of State Study Tour 50 Rs. 50,000/ per visit inclusive of transport, lodging & boarding expenses Total Budget- Rs. 50,000/ Block/ Yr Rs 2.50Lakhs/ Block/5 Yr Grand Total Rs Lakh/ Block/ 5Yrs Total cost for the district with 14 blocks (Bahraich): lakh for 5 years 79

93 Deliverables of the project A major constraint in increasing the production and productivity is poor transfer of technology to the farmers as well as lack of on farm trials. The present programme on technology dissemination ensures that latest technology reaches every farm unit in the district / state. This task will be possible through application of information and communication technology. It is expected that farmers profitability will at least be enhanced by 25 %, simply by adopting latest techniques in crop sector The global vision of farmers regarding modern agriculture will be developed. The farmer will have access to market information, costly farm machinery and latest know how. The demonstrations on farmer s fields will not only directly result in higher production, but also will trigger a chain reaction in adopting new technologies by others. The heavy investment in research and education will be translated into real production. F- FARM MECHANIZATION Farm mechanization plays a very vital role in timely and precision performers of different farm operations. In areas of intensive agriculture i.e. where two or more than two crops are taken in a year a use of machinery can greatly enhance the productivity by timely performers of various agricultural operations and thereby improving the input use efficiency. However, this is the most capitalintensive agricultural input. The various interventions proposed are as follows: 80

94 (i) Establishment of farm mechanization centers at Panchayat Level to Minimize the Energy loss of Human resources Interaction with village panchayats in the district revealed that there was a need of farm machinery by small and marginal farmers. However, they cannot afford to purchase costly farm machinery, as it will not be economical for their smallholdings. Further lack of farm machinery at small farms brings drudgery on farmwomen. So machinery should be provided through village level cooperative societies or farmers clubs, focal points (Agro-service centers) on 50% subsidy. Farmers will have opportunity to use farm machinery on hiring basis. S. No. Cost (Rs lakh) 1. Bed Planter Zero seed Drill Seed cum ferti drill Rotavator Ridger Tractor 4.2 Total 6.5 There are 122 Nyaya panchayats in Bahraich district; it is proposed to provide one set of equipment between two Nyaya Panchayats, which will cost about Rs. 6.5 lakh per set. A total of 61 Nyaya Panchayats will be covered in the five years (52 sets will be given in first four years and in the last year 9 sets will be provided). 81

95 Table 5.12: Estimate for establishment of Agro-Service Centre at Nyaya Panchayats S. No. Item Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total (Rs. lakh) 1 Set of Farm Machinery Total Deliverables of the project 1. Will help in mechanization of small and marginal farms at marginal rent. 2. Reduce drudgery on women. 3. Will make crop sowing at optimum soil moisture. 4. Increase efficiency and thus profitability of farm sector. 82

96 II - HORTICULTUTE 1. PROGRAMME FOR SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT (i) Promotion of Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops under Low Tunnels for Early Production of Vegetables Majority of farmers in the district Bahraich are small and marginal, their holdings are uneconomical, if provided with capital support and know how, they can compliment production of cucurbits out of main season in protected structure like low tunnels. The cost of material for structure of low tunnel including plastic for one ha is Rs. 50,000. Small and marginal farmers have very small holding and it is expected that not more than 500 sq mt area will be put under plastic tunnel at one time. Accordingly, the government should support 50 % cost of 500 sq mt per farm unit i.e. Rs Every year 1000 farm units will be covered and by the end of 5 years 5000 farm units will be covered. Objectives To start early crop of vegetables when the season is still cool To help off season production of vegetables for higher profits The productivity of vegetables is very high, this will increase cash flow to farm women Insect pest and disease management can be done more efficiently Vegetable being high value crops, a better protection from weather conditions will ensure crop safety and safeguards against crop failures. Higher vegetable production will lead to better nutritional security Use of low tunnels for raising nurseries of winter vegetables under protection will ensure production of quality planting materials and safeguard of expensive hybrid seed. 83

97 Table 5.13: Budget estimates for protected cultivation of high value crops (low tunnels) (Rs. lakh) Items Unit Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total Farm units to be covered each year Cost to be borne by the government per farm unit Rs Total (ii) Demonstration and Supply of Healthy Nursery Raising in Vegetable Crops Vegetable crops including onion, cole crops, capsicum, chillies, tomato and brinjal are raised through nursery. All these crops have high value and are highly productive. They suit to small and marginal farmers and especially women who usually take care of vegetable production. Healthy seedlings nursery of these vegetables ensures the success of vegetables production venture. It is therefore purposed to train the farmers on the practices of raising healthy seedlings. Objectives 1. To raise healthy seedlings of high value crops through high quality seed to ensure crop success. 2. To provide quality-planting material of costly seeds i.e. hybrids. 3. To boost the income of small and marginal farmers. 4. To increase cash flow to farmwomen through raising quality seedlings of vegetable crops for own use and for sale to other farmers. Technology Small raised beds of 3 meter X 1 meter size are prepared 10 cm above from ground level. Well rotten FYM or vermicompost is added to each bed. The beds 84

98 are drenched with formalin solution by 1 part formalin: 7 part water. After doing so, the beds are covered with polythene sheets and left as such for one week, so that, formalin fumes penetrate deep in to the soil and it is sterilized properly. The covering with polythene also provides solar sterilization to soil. After one week the polythene is removed and the soil is raked a number of times for atleast one week, so that, formalin fumes are completely driven out. As a check, a handful of soil is taken out from the bed and checked if there are any fumes of formalin left in the soil by smelling. Just in case, if the soil still smells of formalin it should be left for another two- three days and further raking of soil may be done. Normally, it takes 2-3 weeks time for preparation of nursery beds and its sterilization before sowing of seeds. Therefore, bed preparation programme should be started atleast three weeks in advance of actually planting the seeds in nursery beds. Since the vegetables seeds particularly hybrids are very costly healthy nursery is very important. Further, it should be borne in mind that the seeds are sown in line and it should not be congested. If required low plastic tunnels can be provided to grow valuable vegetable seedlings. The cost of raising ten nursery beds each of 1m x 3m size is given here under; Cost of inputs i.e. hybrid/op seeds, formalin, FYM, vermicompost, fertilizers, polythene sheets, polytunnels..rs Fifty man days for preparation of beds and nursery raising for one month..rs Total: Rs. 10,000 It is proposed to carry out 10 demonstrations per block per year i.e. 5 in the summer vegetables and 5 for cool season s vegetables. 85

99 Table 5.14: Budget estimates of Training and Demonstration of Healthy Nursery Raising Item Unit cost No. of units Cost per year Total cost Rs 10,000 (including seed cost) 10 Demonstr ations per block No. of demonstr ation Total Cost Deliverables It will boost vegetable production particularly of tomato, capsicum, chilies, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage, knol khol, and onion. Lower the cost of production due to less disease attack. Help to produce safe vegetables free of pesticides. Increase farmer profitability. Encourage women to produce and sell vegetable seedlings of high quality. (iii) Development of Nutritional Kitchen Garden for Balanced Nutrition at Village Level and Involvement of women in Horticulture Rural people particularly women and children suffer from lack of vitamins and minerals. Nutrition garden can play an important role to solve this problem, besides this, nutritional garden also help economy. On an average eight-member family will require 2.4 kg vegetables and 800 g fruits per day. This production can be obtained from 500 sq mt area. Twenty villages from each block of the district will be selected and one kitchen garden will be laid out in each village each year. They will be provided with input and training to raise the kitchen garden. Besides, the seed mini kits of summer and winters vegetables and three fruit trees (Amrapali, guvava, banana, citrus/papaya) will be distributed to each unit. Budget 86

100 estimates are given in Table Table 5.15: Budget Estimates for Kitchen Garden in Bahraich (Rs Lakh) Item Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total No Demonstration Rs. of Nutritional 5000 Kitchen Garden including inputs Distribution Seed Kits of No ,000 Rs. 50 for summer Rs. 50 for winter Fruit plants No ,000 (including transport and Rs. planting) Total Cost B. ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES (i) Promotion of Bee Keeping There is a need for installation of Comb foundation mills for sheet production, for this an amount of Rs. 45 lakh and operational charges of Rs. 5 lakh per year are proposed. The basic sheet of comb production will be made by cooperative society. Table 5.16: Budget Estimate for Small and Marginal Farmers (Rs lakh) Item Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total 1. Protected cultivation of High value crops (low tunnel) Nutritional Gardens Bee Keeping Total

101 Deliverables of the project 1. Farm sector in Bahraich is based on small peasantry with 70% holdings being small and marginal. The only way to make these holdings economically viable is through capital support to cottage scale ventures, such as; bee keeping and vegetable growing. 2. It is expected that by adopting above two ventures farm income could be supplemented to the tune of 30%. 3. Increase in self employment 4. Increase of cash flow to farm women 5. Increase in entrepreneurs in agriculture 6. Nutritional kitchen garden will help provide nutritional food security particularly to women and children.. 88

102 C. COMMERCIAL FRUITS (i) Promotion of Rejuvenation of Senile, Old and Unproductive Orchards of Mango and Guava. India is the largest producer of the mango in the world accounting over 40.1% of total world production. Maximum area, among fruits in Uttar Pradesh is under mango and guava. Survey of state has shown that quite a good percentage approx 30-40% of orchards are unproductive. India s productivity is quite low (6.2 tons/ha) compared to Brazil, Mexico and Egypt. Therefore, rejuvenation of such orchards is required on priority to increase productivity, export competitiveness and to take advantage of global opportunities. The technology of rejuvenation of both Mango and Guava is given below: Mango Rejuvenation of mango gives a new productive life of years. Like other fruit crops, mango trees also witness decline in productivity after certain age and orchards becomes unviable. The technology of rejuvenation has been worked out and demonstrated by CISH, Lucknow. The technology aims at pruning of undesired branches inducing development of umbrella like open canopy of healthy shoots which ensures better light penetration and improves flowering and fruiting potential. Pruned trees attain canopy of healthy shoots in two years time and in three years onwards they start bearing fruits. The technology involves pruning of undesired branches from a height of 4-5 meters from ground during month of December. Four to five medium sized branches with outward growth are retained for basic frame work of tree for the development of canopy. Other criss cross intermingling, dried and diseased branches are marked for complete removal, which is also done in month of December. Branches for canopy development are pruned at a distance of about 75 cm at their base. Immediately after pruning, fungicidal paste should be applied on cut surfaces to check microbial growth. It was observed that alternative row pruning is much more acceptable to growers as there is less economic loss and the availability of better light to 89

103 unpruned adjacent rows, greatly increases their fruiting potential. Apart from this, pruned trees are to be provided intensive care of nutrition, irrigation and management of insect, pests and diseases. Five to six months after pruning, outwardly growing 8-10 healthy shoots need to be retained per branch. This operation is done during June to August. If the orchard is of inferior variety, then the branches (new shoots) can be grafted with improved variety, which is called as top working. Total cost involved for rejuvenation per tree is Rs. 133 to 160. Pruned trees have been found to have 2-3 times higher average yield than the control plot in which pruning was not done. Guava The unproductive old orchards which produce low grade fruits need to be rejuvenated through heavy and systematic pruning followed by proper nutrition, irrigation and plant protection measures. Heading back of unproductive guava orchards is done in the month of May followed by judicious thinning and pruning of newly sprouted shoots in month of October. The newly emerged shoots after October pruning are found to be very conducive for flowering and fruiting in the following season. Assistance under NHM This activity has been adopted by National Horticulture Mission and assistance norms are 50% of the estimated cost of Rs. 30,000/ha subject to a maximum of Rs. 15,000/ha limited to 2 hectares per beneficiary. Financial Assistance under Proposed Programme Financial assistance for cultivation of rejuvenation of senile, old and unproductive orchards under proposed programme will be given as per NHM norms which are given above. Additional programme, other than proposed under NHM can be taken up depending upon the requirement of the district. 90

104 Item Unit cost Area covered Year Year Year Year Year Rs. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th (Lakh) Rejuvenation of Mango Rejuvenation of Guava Rs. 30,000 required, 50% subsidy 70 ha; 14.0 ha/year Rs. 70 ha; Rs. 30, required, 50% ha/year subsidy Total OO (ii) Programme for High Density Planting of Mango and Guava Although India is the largest producer of Mango and guava, however yields are very poor varying from 6.2 tons/ha in mango and 11.0 ton/ha in guava. The main reasons for low yields are wide spacing, low penetration of improved varieties and poor management practices. Even countries like Brazil, Mexico and Egypt harvest yields up to 9.2 tons/ha to 16.0 tons/ha. It is a common practice to plant mango at a spacing of 10m 10 m and guava at a spacing of 8m 8m between rows and between plants within rows. With the wider spacing it takes 7-10 years to fill the space between plants. Thus there is tremendous scope for increasing orchard productivity by increasing planting density. Along with high planting density, early height control and canopy management are essential to control vegetative growth and to achieve desired results. Research work on high planting density in mango at GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant nagar and on Guava at Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture at Lucknow has given very encouraging results. Even in countries like Israel and South Africa, tree size control by topping, hedging combined with high density planting is commonly adopted. Mango- Planting density of 2.5 m 2.5 m, 2.5m 5.0m and 5.0m 5.0m were investigated at GBPUAT, Pantnagar in both Dashehari and Amrapali varieties. Yields up to 20 tons in Amrapali and 25 tons per hectare in Dashehari were obtained with highest planting density. For commercial application planting 91

105 densities of 5.0m 3.0 m for Amrapali and 5.0m 5.0m for Dashehari can be easily adopted. Such planting densities can easily result in the yield of tons/ha in fully grown orchards. Guava- For Guava, researches conducted at Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture at Lucknow have found that a spacing of 6.0m 3.0m has been found most favourable. In this case also, yields of the order of tons/ha can be easily obtained in Allahabad Safeda variety. HIGH DENSITY PLANTING S.No Crop Spacing Planting Density/ha 1 MANGO Amrapali 5.0m 3.0 m 666 Dashehari 5.0m 5.0m GUAVA Allahabad Safeda 6.0m 3.0m 555 ASSISTANCE NORMS UNDER NHM High density planting is also being advocated under NHM with an estimated cost of Rs. 75,000 and assistance is proposed 75% of the cost i.e. Rs Item Cultivation of Mango Cultivation of Guava Unit cost Rs. Rs , 75% subsidy Rs. Rs , 75% subsidy Area covered 70 ha; 14 ha/year 70 ha; 14 ha/year Year Year Year Year Year Rs. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th (Lakh) Total

106 Financial Assistance under PROPOSED PROGRAMME Programme Financial assistance for cultivation of high density planting under proposed programme, will be given as per NHM norms which are given above. Additional programme, other than proposed under NHM can be taken up depending upon the requirement of the district. 93

107 III- POST HARVEST AND AGRICULTURE MARKETING 1. DEVELOPMENT OF FACILITIES FOR MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE For value addition to the agriculture produce as well as to reduce the post harvest losses there is a need to improve the marketing infrastructure both for the field and horticultural crops. This will not only help in improving the income of the farmers but will also help in improving the shelf life of horticultural produce. (i) Improvement and creation of new market facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce In order to provide Marketing facilities, there is a need to offer proper marketing infrastructure so that farmers can market their produce at optimum rates. So as to save the farmer from clutches of local dealers, compelling him for distress sale, it is proposed to provide proper market infrastructure, so that he may sell his produce in a distant market at appropriate prices. The following infrastructure is proposed. Each Market Centre should have an area of 1-2 acres with following facilities. Raised platform (Puckka) - 2 Nos. Sheds over puckka platform- 2 Nos. Office for Market Centre Incharge Parking place for Tractor trolleys Shed with animal feeding structure & drinking provision Budget i. Two puckka platform with shed cost- Rs 10 lakh ii. One parking & animal rest cum feed structure- Rs 5 lakh iii. Office/ Boundary wall farmers sitting shed- Rs 5 lakh iv. Farmers resting shed- Rs 5 lakh 94

108 A total budget of Rs 25 lakh will be needed for establishing one market for sale of Agri produce. Land and financials may be provided by Mandi Board. Deliverables 1. Improvement in Market infrastructure will facilitate following 2. Increase in the procurement of Agri produce 3. Reduce the exploitation of farmers 4. Reduce losses in the unorganized storage facility of farmers 5. Better price realization to the farmers (ii) Value addition to Horticultural Produce through establishment of Grading and Packaging Houses Improper post harvest handling and storage of horticultural produce results in 40% loss in India. Besides causing heavy losses to the farmers, the quality of the produce is also impaired and the self life is decreased. So as to increase farmer profitability, it is proposed that two grading and packing houses be provided in the district, with following budget provision. Table 5.17: Estimates for Providing Grading and Pack Houses for Horticultural Produce S. No. Item Unit Cost (Rs lakh) Total (Rs lakh) 1 Cooling and washing Rs 10.0 each 20 2 Grading Machines with conveyer Rs 20 each 40 3 Pack Rs 10 each 20 4 Operational Rs 2 per year per unit 20 Total

109 Chapter 6 SUMMARY CROP SECTOR Bahraich district is a primarily agrarian with 89% of the geographical area under cultivation. The net sown area is 3.24 lakh ha of which 1.57 lakh ha, i.e., 47% is under irrigation. Major crops include paddy and wheat. The major constraint being faced by the farmers are erratic power supply, inadequate supply of essential inputs such as planting materials, quality seeds and extension support. There is also need to develop better technology dissemination, market information and allied activities. For development and improvements, the following programmes in crop sector are proposed: S. No. Name of Programme Estimated Budget (Lakh) I. AGRICULTURE A Soil Management and Land Use Project ii. Enrichment of Organic Carbon Content Using Green Manuring iii. Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) System iv. Management of Sulphur Status in Soil of Intensive Agriculture System to Maintain Sulphur Availability to Plants v. Establishment, Renovation and Strengthening of Soil and Fertilizer Testing Laboratories and Soil Health Card Programme a) Soil testing & fertilizer testing laboratories B Adoption of Organic Farming System C D Efficient Use Water Resources and Management i.adoption and promotion of precision farming techniques through micro irrigation ii.demonstration cum training of ridge and furrow system of paddy cultivation for increasing water use efficiency and friendliness cultivation Seed and Planting Material i. Establishment of Seed Treatment and Demonstrations Units at Gram

110 E F II. A Panchayats Level for early and high germination rate to increase crop yield ii. Production and Supply of Quality Seeds and Planting Material for Improvement of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) iii. Programme on promotion of cultivation summer/winter pulses for improving productivity Technology Dissemination i. Customized Farmer Trainings and Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT ii. Establishment of Integrated Farmers Training Center $ (IFTC) at District Level iii. iv. Establishment of Agri Knowledge and Market Information Centres Publication and Mass Campaign for Resources Development of Agri and Allied Sector using ICT v. Training cum Demonstration of Integrated Pest Management in Major Crops to Decreases the Pesticide Load in Food Chain vi. Training and Demonstration Weed Management in Majors Crops to Reduce the Yield Loss vii. viii. Farmers Training for Seed Production at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Farmers Study Tour within and outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture Farm Mechanization i. Establishment of farm mechanization centers at Panchayat Level to Minimize the Energy loss of Human resources HORTICULTURE Programme for Small and marginal farmers and women Empowerment i. Promotion of Protected Cultivation of Vegetable Crops under Low Tunnels for Early Production of Vegetables ii. Demonstration and Supply of Healthy Nursery Raising In Vegetable Crops

111 B C III A iii. Development of nutritional kitchen garden for Balanced Nutrition at Village Level and Involvement of women in Horticulture Entrepreneur Development Programmes i. Promotion of Bee Keeping for Honey Production and Processing for Price Realization Commercial fruits i. Promotion of Rejuvenation of Senile, Old and Unproductive Orchards of Mango and Guava ii.programme for High Density Planting of Mango and Guava POST HARVEST & AGRICULTURE MARKETING Development of Facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce i.improvement and creating of new market facilities for Marketing of Agricultural Produce ii.value addition to Horticultural Produce through establishment of Grading and Packaging Houses Sub Total

112 Chapter 7 PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMMES IN LIVESTOCK SECTOR The livestock sector is an important sector of agricultural economy of the State and accounts for about one forth of the net State Domestic Product. The opportunities in improving the performance of this sector are much more as compared to crop sector as the farmers are already practicing dairy and backyard poultry to supplement their income. In view of the large population of the milch animal in the district, a small improvement in their productivity can make a substantial contribution in improving the growth rate of this sector. The target growth rate of 12% during the XI th five year plan is achievable with appropriate allocation of resources for development of this sector. A - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY To increase the productivity in animal sector the major contribution rests on the genetic upgradation of livestock. So far as Dairy Development is concerned, induction of additional milch animals and transforming the backyard dairy units into commercial dairy farms with minimum ten animals is required. Farmers training for better herd and milk management need to be done through latest techniques and farm practices. The state of Uttar Pradesh has earmarked substantial growth in animal sector during the XI th plan period, i.e., to the tune of 12 percent. (i) Programme for year round production of Green Fodder to Provide Balanced Nutrition to Cattle It has been observed that seed is the most important limiting factor in fodder production. The fodder crops being very shy seed bearer and thus sufficient quality of good seed is not available. In the present situation, the cost of barseem seed is taken as Rs. 100 /kg and 20 kg seed will be needed for one hectare. Accordingly following norms for fodder seed production and seed procurement by the government for further distribution is proposed. Barseem seed is proposed for distribution to registered farmers having 99

113 mixed farming system at the rate 4 kg per farmer costing Rs 400. Two hundred farmers per block will be covered each year with 50 % subsidy. The cost to be borne by the government is Rs. 40,000 per block per year (Table 7.1). Table 7.1: Incentive for fodder Seed Production Item Unit cost No. of units (50% subsidy) 1 st year Cost per year 2 nd year 3 rd year (Rs. Lakh) 4 th year 5 th year Total cost Distribution of Rs 400/ Rs No barseem seed 40,000 per block per Cost year Total Deliverables i. It will support the dairy farming in the district ii. Farmers will be encouraged to produce their own seed iii. It will improve the soil fertility iv. It is self-sustaining scheme and the seed of green fodder will remain available even after the termination of the scheme. (ii) Strengthening of Artificial Insemination Centres For genetic upgradation of milch and other cattle, it is proposed that Animal Insemination (AI) centres be upgraded, particularly for storage under liquid nitrogen and other facilities. For this an amount of Rs 30 lakh be provided to Bahraich. Table 7.2: Budget estimates for Strengthening of AI Centres Item Unit cost Cost per year Total cost 1 st year 2 nd year 3 rd year 4 th year 5 th year 100

114 Facilities for storage under liquid nitrogen and replacement and repair of other equipments Rs 30 lakh No Total 30.0 (ii) Improvements of Cattle (Cow and Buffalo) The average milk production per milch cattle and per capita milk availability is substantially low inspite of largest no. of cattle in India among the various states. One of the contributing factors for the above state affair is lower level of breed improvement. Instead of going for breeds like Jersey, and replacing the existing cattle genetically material, it is advisable to optimize the yield by sustained breed improvement by using, incase of cow, Red Sindhi/Sahiwal and Murrah breed in case of buffalo. Minimum no. of he-bulls/buffaloes need to be provided to each veterinary hospital for breed improvement. The capital investment for the suggested incorporation will vary from district to district depending upon the no. of veterinary hospital breeding facilities available. However, general basis of budget calculation is being provided here under: 101

115 Table 7.3: Budget Estimates for Establishment of New cattle breeding centres (Rs. lakh) S.No. Bull/Buffalo for breeding purpose* 1 Red Sindhi- 2 no.and or Cost/unit Total animal purchase cost Year wise / maintenance cost 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Total tharparkar- 2 no. and or 30, Sahiwal -2 No 2 He buffalo-2 No-(Murrah) 30, Management and running cost TOTAL The scheme will be handled by animal husbandry through their veterinary hospitals. The scheme should be introduced in priority basis on those districts where cattle population, supportive dairy development is fairly good. (iv) Poultry Development There are approx 2,161,05 poultry birds in the district. There is good potential to develop poultry but there re some marketing problems. Small poultry units need to be encouraged to help small and marginal farmers. 102

116 Table 7.4: Unit cost to encourage poultry Activity Unit Size (Nos.) No. of Units Financial outlay (Rs lakh) Subsidy Total Expenditure (Rs lakh) Commercial Layer % 45.0 Commercial Broiler % 20.0 Table 7.4.1: Budget estimates to promote poultry sector Item Poultry units and subsidy cost (Rs Lakh) 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total Commercial Layer Poultry units (No.) Subsidy cost Commercial Broiler Poultry units (No.) Subsidy cost Total (v) Improvement in Goat Breed A total of 454 goats will be provided to the 122 nyaya panchyats in Bahraich, unit cost per goat is S.No. Item* Unit Cost Yearwise cost (Lakh Rs.) Total (Lakh 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th Rs.) Goat 15, TOTAL

117 (vi) Development of Goat and Piggery Rearing of goats and pigs is quite common in all the blocks of district. Rejected potatoes are used as a feed for pigs. There is a need for promoting commercial goat and piggery units. A plan to promote goat rearing and piggery is given below: Table 7.5: Budget for Goat and Piggery Development Activity Unit Cost (Rs) No. of Units Total Cost Govt. 20% cost (Rs lakh) Goat Rearing (20+1) Commercial Goat unit (4+1) Piggery (5+1) Total Table 7.5.1: Budget Estimate for Promotion of Goat and Piggery Item 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total (Rs lakh) Goat Piggery and (vii) Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System Indian cattle industry is an integral part of Indian agriculture and contributes to the well being of its people. Population estimates show that India will have to provide food for 1.5 billion people in In addition to this, India has an equal percentage of livestock population. Livestock Disease Surveillance It is recognizing that veterinary diseases pose a significant threat both to the animals and human beings. Livelihood of millions of farmers is dependent on health of livestock. Besides, animal diseases have become a serious threat for 104

118 contamination of human food chain. Entire farm economics can run into huge losses due to emergence of diseases such as foot and mouth, render pest, bird flu to cite a few. There is a need for developing a system of animal disease survey and surveillance and its on line reporting so that the spread of diseases before reaching epidemic proportion is contained. This will help save huge losses to livestock wealth in particular and farming system in general. Objectives The various objectives of this project are as follow: 1. Development of electronically managed Disease Surveillance System, through customized online data management systems. 2. Development of risk assessment and risk management tools for various endemic diseases The overall mission of this project is to thoroughly revamp the Livestock husbandry so as to erase the stigma of poor hygiene and elevate it to the global standards in production, processing and marketing of Livestock derivatives. 4. FINANCIALS Duration of Project: 5 Years Cost per Block per Year = 2.5 Lakh* *Cost consists of Veterinary Doctor Expenses, quick alert system, GPS, quick Alert SMS System 105

119 Table 7.6: Budget estimates for Livestock disease Surveillance Cost Component Year 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Total (Rs. Lakh) Veterinary Doctor Cost per Expenses, quick Block alert system, GPS, (Rs. in quick Alert SMS Lakh) System Cost per District (Rs. in Lakh) (viii) Development of Modern Meat Market Unlike most other animal protein industries, demand for meat far exceeds our domestic ability to supply. In some instances, demand escapes the realm of viable markets. The safe and hygienic marketing of meat is of utmost importance to increase its consumption rate and also from human health point of view. Goat farming for meat production is an increasingly profitable enterprise adding real value to pastoral farming. Consumption of meat in recent year although increasing to a greater extent, there is not much development in their market infrastructure. The poor infrastructure facilities leads to several healths hazardous which ultimately reduce the economy governed through this food sector. This is evidenced by the existence of meat markets in various localities which are absolutely unfit to be called sanitary source of hygienic meat supply. These markets are full of filth and dirt has accumulated in rear rooms, where mice and rats have free play, and where employees, themselves are not clean by cleaning code and in appearance. Keeping the above scenario in mind, the need of developing a hygienic and modern meat market is of high priority. 106

120 It is proposed to develop an air conditioner meat market in Bahraich district with following components. years. 1. Mini Slaughter House 2. Carcass disposal system 3. One hall with Air Conditioned facility which contains; (i) 20 Nos. 3 x 5 raised cemented table with rack provision to keep the fresh stock, (ii) Generator, (iii) Coordinator office and (iv) Maintenance It is proposed that the two markets in Bahraich will be developed within five Table 7.7: Budget estimates for establishment of meat market S. No. Item Budget estimates (in lakh) Total (in lakh) I st year II nd year III rd year IV th year V th year 1 Mini Slaughter House 2 Carcass disposal system One hall with A/C facility 1) 20 Nos. 3 x 5 raised cemented table 2) Generator 3) Coordinator office 4) Maintenance Total DPC Suggestions

121 Deliverables Hygienic and safe food production. Increase in meat sale and consumption Organized Market facility in the centre of production area. Brand development based on area and kind of meat. Better prices realization which will encourage scientific goat farming. B. DAIRY (i) Programme for Quality and Hygienic Milk Production Production of clean milk is as important as the production of milk itself. The bacteria in the milk multiply because of the hot environment and dust, dirt and other foreign matter and adulteration. Unhygienic state of utensils used for the storage and transportation of milk adds to the problem. Therefore, there is a dire need to maintain the quality of milk by creating facility of cooling the milk at the source immediately on milking and educating the milk producers and milk handlers to maintain proper sanitation and hygiene. For the cooling of milk at the dairy farm level, Bulk Milk Coolers are needed to be made available, but the investment is quite high, which cannot be afforded by the milk producers themselves. There is urgent need to maintain quality of milk by creating facility for cooling the milk at source. For cooling the milk at dairy farm level bulk milk coolers are needed to be made available. It is proposed to provide 28 bulk milk coolers of 2000 litres capacity, two per block in the district. Each unit costing 8.0 lakh, with 25% subsidy. The subsidy cost will be Rs. 56 lakh. (ii) Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units Dairy is being practiced by the farmers in the area as a household enterprise and not as a commercial activity. To promote the commercial dairy farming, it is proposed to provide interest subsidy on the cost of animals for the first year up to a maximum of Rs per animal. It is proposed to encourage to setting up of 100 commercial dairy farms units in the district with minimum 10 milch animals in each unit; thereby 1000 new additional milch animals will be inducted. Unit cost of each dairy will be about Rs 0.60 lakh. This cost of subsidy on 108

122 interest for first year will be Rs lakh. In addition, every commercial dairy farm unit will be provided with Rs 2 Lakh as capital subsidy to develop infrastructure like animal sheds, milching parlours with machines. This will entail a cost of Rs 200 lakh as capital subsidy, the total cost of the project being Rs 260 lakh annually and Rs 1300 lakh in next five years. (iii) Mini Milk Processing Unit Preservation and value addition in milk and milk products can be done at cottage level. A mini milk plant of 500 litres per day capacity can be set up in each block for making ghee, cheese, butter, lassi, etc. These products can earn handsome returns to milk producers. The producers can avail the benefit of forward linkages and can become successful dairy entrepreneurs. Such mini plants will cost Rs lakh, on which 30% capital subsidy is proposed to be provided. Total subsidy cost would be Rs. 105 lakh. (iv) Dairy Training Workshop for Women The first step will be to sell the idea of dairy farming aggressively in the target area. Holding Dairy Training workshops extensively in the district, so as to cover the entire area repeatedly, will do this. These will be high tech camps wherein the requisite message will be passed across the audience in a very cordial, conducive and friendly environment. Dairy training workshop will be conducted to encourage and equip with knowledge to prospective dairy farmers and 50 percent target beneficiary should be women. It is proposed to hold 100 such workshops in the district. An expenditure of Rs. 20,000 per workshop will be incurred. It will cost Rs lakh. 109

123 Table 7.8: Total Requirement of Funds for Animal Husbandry Sector (Rs. lakh) S. No. Programme Unit Cost 1 st Year 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Total 1. Hygienic Milk Production Programme Promotion Commercial Farming Units of Dairy Mini Milk Processing Unit Dairy Education, Training & Extension (i) Dairy Training workshops 0.20 per workshop ; 20 per year Total

124 C - FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT There is a good scope of combining fisheries activity; Bahraich has substantial area of water bodies in the form of river, lakes and ponds. As the ponds can be constructed under the Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and subsequently fish can be raised in them. Catla, Rohu, Mrigal and other desi varieties are cultivated in the district. In Bahraich there is need to increase numbers of pond, tanks and total coverage area. (i) Renovating of Village Ponds for fish production Bahraich has a heritage of numerous ponds, which are left unattended so far. Additionally new ponds also can be created for fisheries development in the district. The water stored in these ponds can be purified by dutch -weed technique and fish farming can be done to generate additional income. This job will include excavation, boundary lining and development of existing ponds. Twenty ponds per year are proposed to be covered. The cost for renovation of old pond will be Rs lakh. The total cost involved for renovation of old ponds will be cost Rs. 40 lakh per year and Rs. 200 lakh for five years. It is also proposed that this project may be converged with National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme. Only pond type of inland fisheries is practiced in the district. (ii) Development of New Hatcheries for production of fingerlings It is proposed that Rs lakh per hatchery be provided to the department of the fisheries for developing new hatcheries. Five new hatcheries are required to be developed in the district at a total cost of Rs. 50 lakh during XI plan period under proposed program. 111

125 Table 7.9: Budget estimates for Fisheries development Activity Renovation of old Ponds Development of new hatcheries Unit Cost (Rs. lakh) st Year Number of Units Year Wise 2 nd Year 3 rd Year 4 th Year 5 th Year Number Total (Rs lakh) Cost Number Cost Total (iii) Development of Modern Fish Market Fresh water fish production is gradually becoming economical to farmers due to increase in demand of fish, introduction of newer technologies, improved fish culture techniques. Fish production could be very attractive to marginal farmers. The major limiting factor for supply of quality fish to the consumer is absence of proper storage and marketing of fish in temperature controlled hygienic conditions. It is proposed to provide A/C market facilities in major fish production areas at district headquarter with following components. 1. One hall with Air-conditioned facility Nos. 3 x 5 raised cemented table with rack provision to keep the fresh stock. 3. Generator. 4. Coordinator office. 5. Parking place for Tractor trolleys and shed for animals along with feed structure & drinking water facility. Budget: Rs 70 lakh per air-conditioned market shed with above suggested components 112

126 Deliverables: 1. Hygienic and safe food production. 2. Increase in fish production, sale and consumption. 3. Organized Market facility in the centre of production area. 4. Brand development based on area and kind of fish. 5. Better prices realization. D. PLANNING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF C-DAP Annual assessment and Restructuring of Comprehensive- District Agriculture Rs 5 lakh per year, which costs Rs 25 lakh. 113

127 Chapter - 8 SUMMARY OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR S. No. Name of Programme Livestock Sector Animal Husbandry 1. Programme for year round production of Green Fodder to Provide Balanced Nutrition to Cattle Estimated Budget (lakh) Strengthening of Animal Insemination Centres A. 3. Improvements of cattle Poultry Development Improvement of Goat Development of Goat & Piggery Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System Dairy 8. Development of Modern Meat Market B. 1. Programme for Quality and Hygienic Milk Production 2. Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units Mini Milk Processing Unit Dairy Training Workshop for Women Fisheries Development C. 1. Renovation of Village Ponds for Fish Production Development of New Hatcheries for production of fingerlings Development of Modern Fish Market Sub Total Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of C-DAP

128 Annexure-I MATRIX FOR CONVERGENCE OPPORTUNITIES IN DISTRICT BAHRAICH S. No Area of Farm Sector Addressed Land, Soil Health & Fertility Water Resources Management Seed and Planting material Production Technologies 5. Horticulture & Plantation 6 Technology Dissemination Name of C-DAP Programmes into which convergence is proposed Enrichment of organic carbon content using green manuring Establishment of Integrated Nutrient Management System Setting up of new soil testing laboratories Microirrigation (Sprinkler & Drip) Distribution of Seeds Establishment of Seed treatment and Demonstration units at gram panchayat level Distribution of Planting material Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity Programme on Promotion of Cultivation of Summer/Winter Pulses for Improving Productivity Name of Central Sector Scheme Strengthening of Soil health (New scheme w.e.f ) Project on Balanced Use of fertilizer Micro Irrigation in Horticulture (80:20) & National Horticulture Mission ISOPOM, Macro Macro Management in Agriculture(MMA) Beej Gram Yojana (100 % CS) Estimated Budget of Proposed programmes (Lakh) NHM Integrated scheme of Oil Seeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (ISOPOM) (75% centre:25% Sate) National food Security Mission (NFSM) Farmers Study Tour Within and Outside the State for exposure Agriculture Technology and Management

129 7 8 9 Dairy Entrepreneur Development Post Harvest and Marketing 10 Fisheries 11 Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Farmers training and Demonstration at KVK Training and Demonstrations of Weed Management Farmers Study Tour Within and Outside the State for exposure and Motivation towards Commercialized Agriculture Agency (ATMA) Farmers Welfare Scheme (Kisan Hit Yojana) Value addition to horticultural produce through grading & packaging houses establishment Improvement and creation of new market facilities for marketing of Agricultural Produce Practices Programme for quality and hygienic milk production Promotion of Commercial Dairy Farming Units Dairy Training workshop for women Programme for Quality & Hygienic Milk Production Dairy Training Workshops Renovation of village ponds for fish production State Horticulture Mission (85: 15) Backward Region Grant Fund (50 % funds from PROPOSED PROGRAMME and 50% from BRGF) Clean milk production (100%) Intensive Dairy Development Programme (100% CS) Mahila Dairy Project (100% CS) Strengthening Infrastructure for Quality and Clean Milk Production National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme Modern Fish Market (NREGS) 70.0 National Project for Artificial insemination Cattle and Buffalo 30.0 Breeding (NPCBB) Livestock Disease Surveillance and Quick Alert System Livestock Health & Disease Control (LH & DC); Directorate of Animal Health Scheme

130 12 Farm Mechanization Programme for year round production of Green Fodder Establishment of Farm Mechanization Centres at Panchayat Level Feed and fodder development 28.0 Agriculture Mechanization (MMA)

131 Annexure-II ON-GOING PROJECTS IN DISTRICT BAHRAICH IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTOR AGRICULTURE Crop production Project Production, Storage & Distribution of Quality seeds Expenditure Incurred (Rs in lakh) State Sector ISOPOM Farmer Friend Scheme Timely Reporting Scheme (T.R.S.) Pramanit Bejon Per Anudan Centrally Sponsored Centrally Sponsored Computerization State - Sector Data Bank Takniki Prabandhan State Sector Keet Rog Niyantaran Rabi Dalhan Utpadan State - Sector Crop Yield Macro -Mode Niji Kshetron me Prasar Sewano State Sector Krishi Prabandhan ke Adhunikikaran Macro -Mode Special Jute Programme Modernization of Agri Farms Centrally Sponsored Dev of exension services in Private Sector State - Sector Demonstration of New Development Agril. Equipment Transfer of Technology Centrally Sponsored Strengthening of Deptt Press Central Micromode Agriculture Engineering Macro -Mode Jute Prod. Prog Seed Treatment State Sector Beej Gram Yojana Boosting Cereal Production (Rice) Centrally Sponsored Natural resource management NWDPRA Barani Micro Mode Central S Rain Water management State - Sector 118

132 Kisan Hit State - Sector Krishi Kshetra Hetu Kushal Jal Prabandhan State - Sector Mrida Swastha ka Sudharanikarn State Sector Minor Irrigation Javik Khad Prasar Micro Mode Central S Bhoomi Sena Yojana State - Sector Dr. Ambedkar Gramin Samagr Vikas Yojna Horticulture Strengthening of Horticultural production Horticultural Development in Urban area Horticultural development programme ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Rinder Pest Programme Control of Livestock Disease Scheme on Paravet Training Scheme on Artificial Insemination Scheme on infertility of animal Facility of Sheep Breeding Goat Rearing Goat Breeding Training of Livestock Owner Livestock Statistics Livestock census Prog Extension Education Prog Artificial Insemination Disease Investigation Artificial Insemination Paravet Training Backyard Poultry Sheep Breeding Integrated Piggery Development Pig Breeding Prog Integrated Goatary FISHERY Fish farmers development agency % central + 25% st National Scheme of Welfare of Fishermen % central + 50% st 119

133 National Fishermen insurance Scheme % central + 50% st Fisheries development through Coopratives Development of water logged area for fish culture % state % state 120

134 Annexure-III COPY OF APPROVED PROJECTS FROM DISTRICT PLANNING COMMITTEE

135 122 Comprehensive- District Agriculture Plan Bahraich