Integrating cover crop residue and moldboard plowing into glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth management programs
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1 Integrating cover crop residue and moldboard plowing into glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth management programs Culpepper, Kichler, Sosnoskie, York, Sammons, Nichols
2 Dryland production with severe GR Palmer Infestation. Staple + Reflex + Direx PRE Roundup WMax + Parrlay POST Direx + MSMA Layby
3 Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.* No Deep Tillage Deep Turn No Herbicide Treatment
4 No Deep Tillage Deep Turned Prowl H20 + Reflex PRE; WeatherMax + Dual Magnum POST; Direx + MSMA Layby
5 Conservation Tillage is Very Important To the Southeast
6 Percent reduction in Palmer emergence by cover crops without herbicides. GA and NC DAP.* b 40 b 53 ab 57 a 0 59,895 lb/a 66,429 lb/a 68,607 lb/a 96,921 lb/a wheat biomass rye biomass *Compared to the no cover conventionally tilled system.
7 Prowl + Cotoran PRE fb Roundup + Dual fb Direx + MSMA PD Conv Strip-Till
8 Objective Determine the impacts of integrating both deep turning and intense cover crop residues in Roundup- and Ignite-based programs.
9 Experimental Location: Macon County, 2009
10 Experimental Design Factorial: 2 deep tillage options 2 cover crop options 4 herbicide systems
11 Two Deep Tillage Options deep turn or no deep turn All land was disked prior to planting
12 Two Cover Crop Options rye (75 lb/a) or no rye 2009 rye emerging through 2008 rye residue
13 Four Herbicide Options 1. no herbicide 2. WMax: 1, 5, 15 lf cotton 3. Staple + Direx + Reflex PRE; Wmax + Parrlay POST 5 lf; Direx + MSMA LPD 13 lf 4. Staple + Direx + Reflex PRE; Ignite (29 oz) + Parrlay POST 5 lf Direx + MSMA LPD 13 lf
14 Herbicides and Rates PRE POST Direx 2.0 pt/a WeatherMax 22 oz/a Staple 1.7 oz/a Parrlay 21 oz/a Reflex 1.0 pt/a Ignite 29 oz/a Layby Direx 2 pt + MSMA 2 lb Roundup-based program: DP 0949 B2RF Ignite based program: PHY 485 WRF
15 Methods Plot size: 4 rows by 50 feet Herbicide applications: 15 GPA Palmer emergence: row and row middle Cotton Injury: 7-10 d after applications Weed control: late-season reported Harvest: two center rows
16 Rainfall Rainfall on PRE s: 0.25 at 4 d; 0.75 at 5 d Rainfall on Parrlay: 0.77 at 3 d Rainfall on Layby: 1.1 at 5 d
17 Herbicide Injury Reflex PRE 12 to 15% at 10 DAT Minor injury noted thorough 27 DAT
18 Herbicide Injury RU + Parrlay 9 to 12% at 7 DAT Ignite + Parrlay 19 to 21% at 7 DAT No visual injury detected 9 d later.
19 Reduction in Palmer emergence as affected by deep turning/cover crop residue at 16 DAP. Macon Co., GA a 96 a percent c 46 c 50 c 65 b 0 Drill Middle Drill Middle Drill Middle Deep turn Non-treated: 620 plant/m2. No herbicides applied. Rye cover Deep turn + Rye cover
20 GR Palmer amaranth control at harvest with Roundup-based systems. Macon Co., GA a b 81 b percent c 20 0 No deep turn Deep turn No deep turn Deep turn No Cover No cover Rye Cover Rye Cover Rye 7 foot when killed, rolled, planted. Deep turn 12 inch in previous fall. Herbicide program: Direx + Reflex + Staple PRE; RU + Parrlay POST, Direx + MSMA at layby.
21 GR Palmer amaranth response to glyphosate. Macon County, GA No-herbicide control Glyphosate 3 X
22 Palmer amaranth response to deep tillage. Macon County, GA No deep tillage No cover crop Deep tillage No cover crop Staple + Reflex + Direx PRE Roundup WMax + Parrlay POST Direx + MSMA Layby
23 Palmer amaranth response to cover crops. Macon County, GA No deep tillage No cover crop No deep tillage Rye cover crop Staple + Reflex + Direx PRE Roundup WMax + Parrlay POST Direx + MSMA Layby
24 Palmer amaranth response to deep tillage and cover crops. Macon County, GA No deep tillage No cover crop Deep tillage Rye cover crop Staple + Reflex + Direx PRE Roundup WMax + Parrlay POST Direx + MSMA Layby
25 Seed cotton yield (lb/a) with Roundup-based systems. Macon Co., GA a d 1524 bc 1627 b No deep turn Deep turn No deep turn Deep turn No Cover No cover Rye Cover Rye Cover Rye 7 foot when killed, rolled, planted. Deep turn 12 inch in previous fall. Herbicide program: Direx + Reflex + Staple PRE; RU + Parrlay POST, Direx + MSMA at layby.
26 Palmer amaranth response to deep tillage and cover crops. Macon County, GA No deep tillage No cover crop No deep tillage No cover crop Staple + Reflex + Direx PRE Roundup WMax + Parrlay POST Direx + MSMA Layby Staple + Reflex + Direx PRE Ignite + Parrlay POST Direx + MSMA Layby
27 GR Palmer amaranth control at harvest with Ignitebased systems. Macon Co., GA a 98 a 97 a 99 a percent No deep turn Deep turn No deep turn Deep turn No Cover No cover Rye Cover Rye Cover Rye 7 foot when killed, rolled, planted. Deep turn 12 inch in previous fall. Herbicide program: Direx + Reflex + Staple PRE; Ignite + Parrlay POST, Direx + MSMA at layby.
28 Seed cotton yield (lb/a) with Ignite-based systems. Macon Co., GA a d 1715 cd 1810 bc No deep turn Deep turn No deep turn Deep turn No Cover No cover Rye Cover Rye Cover Rye 7 foot when killed, rolled, planted. Deep turn 12 inch in previous fall. Herbicide program: Direx + Reflex + Staple PRE; RU + Parrlay POST, Direx + MSMA at layby.
29 Conclusions Tillage/Cover 1. Heavy residue reduced pigweed emergence 50 (row) to 94% (middle). 2. Deep turning reduced pigweed emergence 46 to 47%. 3. Deep turning and cover crop residue reduced Palmer emergence 65 (row) to 96% (middle).
30 Conclusions RR System 1. Deep turning or cover crops improved lateseason control 17 to 18%. 2. Deep turning plus cover crops improved lateseason control 35%. 3. Yields followed trends with Palmer control but was influenced by tillage/cover crop residue.
31 Conclusions Ignite System 1. Palmer control at least 97%; more effective than RR systems except when using deep turning and cover crop residue. 2. Yields were increased 10% (numerical) by deep turning, 15% with cover crop, and 26% with deep turning plus cover crops.
32 QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS? Culpepper, Kichler, Sosnoskie, York, Sammons, Nichols
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