Integrated Weed Management in Alfalfa

Transcription

1 Integrated Weed Management in Alfalfa Calvin Yoder, AAFRD, Spirit River, (780) , Dan Cole & Nicole Kimmel, AAFRD, Edmonton,

2 Use Alfalfa to Manage Weeds But Weeds Can Affect Alfalfa Establishment Yield Nutrition Palatability Marketability

3 Occurrence of wild oat, Canada thistle, wild mustard, wild buckwheat and cleavers by management system (Manitoba 1993). 100 con't cereals alfalfa hay % Occurrence wild oats Canada thistle wild mustard wild buckwheat cleavers

4 Forage Crops for Canada Thistle Control in Montana and Idaho Canada thistle % survival Crop Continuous wheat Alfalfa mowed twice a year Grass sprayed and mowed Hodgson, 1958

5 Establish and Maintain a Vigorous Crop -soil fertility and ph -seedbed preparation -variety selection -cutting schedules

6

7 Year of Seeding Alfalfa Good quality seed (germination & vigor) Clean seed (check seed certificate) Clean land (control perennial weeds) No herbicide residues (keep good records) Know herbicide options for weed control Pre-seed herbicide application (glyphosate) Seed shallow into firm seedbed Seed when moisture Seed without a companion crop Mow above alfalfa for annual weeds

8

9 Control Perennial Weeds Before Seeding Alfalfa Canada thistle Toadflax Dandelion Quackgrass Foxtail barley

10

11

12 Effects of Rustler Residue on Legumes

13 Ally Residue in the Soil Affects Clover

14 Herbicides That May Affect Alfalfa Seeded The Year Following Application Ally Muster Unity Assert Sundance Everest K2 Lontrel, Eclipse, Curtail M, Prestige, Spectrum, FlaxMax Ultra, Prevail, Absolute Tordon 22K 2,4-D, MCPA, Banvel and Rustler when used as a pre-seeding burnoff

15

16

17 Effect of Barley Companion Crop on Alfalfa/Bromegrass Forage Yields Over a Three Year Period-Westlock No Crop-Weedy No Crop-Herbicides Silage Grain tons/acre Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

18 Dry Weight of Weeds (g/m2) During the Year of Seeding Lethbridge Westlock Beaverlodge No Companion Crop Companion Crop

19 No Cover Crop Barley for Grain

20 Barley for Silage

21

22

23 Alfalfa seeded into wheat stubble

24 Alfalfa seeded into canola stubble Glyphosate + Express Glyphosate

25

26 Glyphosate + Express Check Pre-emergent

27 Glyphosate + Express Pre-seed Pre-emergent

28 Glyphosate + MCPA ester Pre-emergent Pre-seed

29 Seedling alfalfa Ally 3 g/ac Check

30 Herbicides on SEEDLING ALFALFA CROP Wheat Barley Oats Canola Registered Herbicides Embutox 625, Pardner, Tropotox Plus, Basagran, Avadex, Avenge, Achieve L, Hoe-Grass 284 Embutox 625, Pardner, Tropotox Plus, Avadex, Avenge, Achieve L, Hoe-Grass 284 Embutox 625, Pardner, Tropotox Plus Assure II, Edge, Odyssey*, Poast Ultra, Pursuit*, Select, Treflan, Venture, Hoe-Grass 284 Potential Herbicides Puma Super 120, Horizon Puma Super 120 Pursuit Ultra* * Only on Clearfield canola

31 Alfalfa Seeded Alone Broadleaved Weed Control *Number in brackets is number of sites involved 60 % Injury 40 19(6) 20 12(27) 13(14) 8(26) 8(54) 10(82) 6(95) 2(51) 1(2) 0 Edge Treflan Pursuit Odyssey Pardner Basagran Embutox Tropotox Plus MCPA-Na

32 % Injury 40 Alfalfa Underseeded to Cereals 36(10)* 26(13) 20 10(82) 12(27) 6(95) 13(14) 0 2,4-D Broadleaved Weed Control *Number in brackets is number of sites involved R - Registered for forage and/or seed use 100(2) 89(2) 70(4) MCPA Pardner R Basagran R Embutox R Tropotox Plus R Banvel Ally Lontrel

33 Alfalfa Underseeded to Cereals Grassy Weed Control *Number in brackets is number of sites involved (15)* 3(16) 3(3) 0(3) 0(1) 6(82) 9(48) 10(14) 26(1) Avenge Avenge (R) (R) Hoe-Grass Hoe-Grass (R) (R) Achieve Achieve (R) (R) Puma Puma Super Super Horizon Horizon Avadex Avadex (R) (R) Treflan Treflan (R) (R) Edge Edge (R) (R) Sundance Sundance % Injury

34 % Injury 40 Alfalfa Underseeded to Canola Broadleaved Weed Control *Number in brackets is number of sites involved R - Registered for forage and/or seed use 100(2) 20 8(54)* 8(26) 2(51) 1(2) 0 Treflan R Edge R Pursuit on Clearfield R Odyssey on Clearfield R 11(3) Muster Lontrel

35 Alfalfa Underseeded to Canola Grassy Weed Control *Number in brackets is number of sites involved % Injury (16)* 5(11) 0(10) 0(2) 1(10) 6(82) 9(48) 10(14) Hoe-Grass Hoe-Grass (R) (R) Poast Poast Ultra Ultra (R) (R) Venture Venture (R) (R) Assure Assure II II (R) (R) Select Select (R) (R) Avadex Avadex (R) (R) Treflan Treflan (R) (R) Edge Edge (R) (R)

36 Established Alfalfa Hand-pulling Weed-whipping Mowing Herbicides (including wiping) Fertilizer Herbicides and fertilizer Timely harvest or grazing Rotate into an annual crop

37 Established Alfalfa Pull the first weed. Stop weeds from going to seed. Minimize landscape disturbance. Herbicide and fertilizer can complement each other very well. A healthy, competitive alfalfa stand will help restrict the invasion and growth of weeds. A thin alfalfa stand will not usually fill in after the weeds are removed.

38 Herbicides on ESTABLISHED Alfalfa for SEED Production Weeds Broadleaved Grassy Registered Herbicides Basagran Forte, Kerb, Pardner, Odyssey, Pursuit, Sencor (irrigated), Velpar Assure II, Kerb, Odyssey, Poast Ultra, Princep Nine-T, Pursuit, Velpar, Venture Potential Herbicides Pursuit Ultra, Solo Pursuit Ultra, Solo * Only on Clearfield canola

39 Sometimes it is better to rotate

40 White Cockle Not sticky flower heads like nightflowering catchfly Not hairless like bladder campion Not pink flowered like cow cockle

41 White Cockle Dry Matter Yield (g/sq. m.) in an Alfalfa/Timothy Hay Crop near Beaumont - 07/01 Harvest Sprayed October 16, 2000 on dormant alfalfa * 20 19* 0 3* Check Check Ally Ally Odyssey Odyssey Pursuit Pursuit DyVel DyVel DS DS Sundance Sundance Roundup Roundup Florasulam Florasulam Basagran Basagran Velpar Velpar Princep Princep

42 Alfalfa Dry Matter Yield (g/sq. m.) in an Alfalfa/Timothy Hay Crop near Beaumont - 07/01 Harvest Sprayed October 16, 2000 on dormant alfalfa * Check Check Ally Ally Odyssey Odyssey Pursuit Pursuit DyVel DyVel DS DS Sundance Sundance Roundup Roundup Florasulam Florasulam Basagran Basagran Velpar Velpar Princep Princep

43 White Cockle Dry Matter Yield (g/sq. m.) in a Smooth Brome/Alfalfa Hay Crop near Stony Plain July 28, Sprayed and fertilizer applied June 18, 2004 on 2% flowering white cockle Unfertilized Fertilized 101 Check Check Express Express 2 g Express Express 4 g Express Express 8 g Express Express g Ally Ally 3 g Ally Ally + Express Express Banvel Banvel + 2,4-D 2,4-D DyVel DyVel DS DS Target Target

44 White Cockle Express 8 g/ac Check

45 Dandelion Ally 3 g/ac Check

46 Dandelion Effect of Herbicide and Fertilizer on Dandelion Ellerslie - Year Three Dandelion Dry Weight (g) / Square Meter - 06/17/99 Herbicide Applied - 05/08/97 Fertilizer Applied - 05/08/97 & 05/14/98 No Fertilizer Fertilizer Check 2,4-D Ester Ally 2g/ac Ally + 2,4-D Ally 3g/ac Ally + 2,4-D Refine Extra Refine + 2,4-D Banvel + 2,4-D Express Pack Curtail M

47 Scentless Chamomile One plant can produce over a million seeds

48 Number of Scentless Chamomile Plants / Sq. M. in a Timothy Hay Crop near Leduc - Year Two Fertilizer Applied in May N = 22 kg/ha P 2 O 5 = 11 kg/ha K 2 O = 56 kg/ha Check Mowing (3x) Fertilizer Ally (Oct.)

49 Alfalfa Dry Weight G./ Sq. M. in an Alfalfa & Timothy Hay Crop near Leduc - Year Two Fertilizer Applied in May N = 22 kg/ha P 2 O 5 = 11 kg/ha K O = 56 kg/ha Check Mowing (3x) Fertilizer Ally (Oct.)

50 Glyphosate for Rotating Out of Alfalfa Fall spraying better than spring spraying. Alfalfa must be actively growing. Alfalfa in bud or bloom stage with at least cm of growth. Wait 3 4 days after a 5 o C frost. If pre-harvest, alfalfa harvested 3 7 days after glyphosate application. A minimum 1.5 L/ac of 356 g/l glyphosate. Spring applications with 2,4-D ester or Banvel.

51 Control of Alfalfa With Herbicides Applied in The Fall vs. Spring (Monsanto, 1995) TREATMENT RATE % CONTROL % CONTROL L/acre Fall Applied Spring Applied Roundup Roundup Roundup Roundup+2,4-D Roundup+2,4-D Roundup+Banvel Roundup+Banvel

52 Wheat Yields (kg/ha) after Different Methods and Time of Alfalfa Stand Termination Herbicide + Direct Seed Tillage After After 1st 1st Cut Cut After After 2nd 2nd Cut Cut Spring Spring Average of 3 sites, Entz)

53 Crop Selection to Follow Alfalfa Cereals preferred over pulses or oilseeds in the first year In-crop herbicides for suppression of alfalfa and dandelions include Curtail M, Prestige, Frontline, Spectrum, Target, DyVel DS Pre-harvest glyphosate in annual crops helps control volunteer alfalfa

54 Summary Control the weeds before seeding alfalfa. Keep good field records for residual herbicides. Know what weeds are present and herbicide options before seeding alfalfa. Establish a strong stand Use fertilizer/herbicide and competition to manage difficult weeds in established stands. Fall spraying can manage problem perennial, winter annual or biennial weeds in established alfalfa.