E. Jeneponto, South Sulawesi

Transcription

1 E. Jeneponto, South Sulawesi E.1. Profile of the Project The project will be implemented in three villages: Bulo-bulo, Empoang Selatan and Kampala. The population of the villages is between 23 (Kampala) and 3,62 (Empoang Selatan). Village irrigated land is found in Bulo-bulo and Kampala. Rainfed land is found at Empoang Selatan and Kampala, and Fish pond/brackish water is found in Empoang Selatan and Kampala. Farmer is a major occupation for household in every site. E.2. Site Specific Production and Income Generation E.2.1. Site Specific Production Type of production at every site can be seen in Table E.1. below. The table shows that paddy, onion and corn are planted at each project site whereas the largest area of paddy and onion are planted in Empoang Selatan, followed by Bulo-bulo and Kampala. Fish is only cultured in Empoang Selatan. Table E.1. Specific production at each project site in South Sulawesi Province Grand No Vilage Red onion Corn Fish Paddy Others Total 1 Bulo-bulo Empoang Selatan Kampela Average Below is the level of production of major commodities at each project site as shown in Table E.2. The table shows that the highest productivity of paddy and onion is in Empoang Selatan and followed by Kampala and Bulo-bulo. Table E.2. Level of Production of Major Commodities in Every Site at South Sulawesi Province Type of Plant Village Bulo-bulo Empoang Selatan Kampela Average Total Red onion Corn Fish paddy Others.. Grand Total

2 E.2.2. Existing income generation In South Sulawesi Province, the type of income consists of only two categories, i.e. on farm activities (agriculture, fishery and livestock) and non-farm activities (trading, carpentry, and labour construction). So far, off-farm activities were not recorded during the SEBS conducted. Table E.3. shows the existing income generation. The main source of income in Bulo-bulo and Kampala is paddy and onion. In Empoang Selatan village, the main source of income is fish and this figure of significantly contributed to the income. The total amount of income per year per household in Bulo-bulo, Empoang Selatan and Kampala is Rp 2,218, Rp 12,929 and Rp 768 millions, respectively. The income in three villages is almost similar; however, due to the contribution from fish (Rp 1,596 millions) in Empoang Selatan, the income of household in Empoang Selatan is differ from other villages. Tabel E.3. Annual income per household at South Sulawesi Province (Rupiah/year) No Source of Income Village Bulo-bulo Empoang Selatan Kampela Average On Farm 1 Red onion 584, ,268, , , Corn 8, , , , paddy 1,386, , ,262, ,45, others 21, , , , Fish - 1,596, ,532, chicken 23, , , , cow , , duck 17,. 8, , , goat 11, , , , horse - 84, , , pig Non Farm 1 Carpenter , , Labor - 2, Sealor - 62, , Trade - 12,. 9, , Others 65, , , Total Income 2,218, ,929, ,768, ,971, Table E.4. shows annual expenditure of household in each project site in South Sulawesi Province. It is shown that the annual expenditure is higher than that of annual income and the difference is significant, except for Empoang Selatan. This phenomenon is happened when farmers are subsistence. Table E.4. Annual expenditure per househould (Rupiah/year) Sulawesi NO VILLAGE FOOD FARMING OTHERS TOTAL 1 Bulo-Bulo 7,425,6. 483, , ,882, Empoang Selatan 6,116, , ,241, ,675, Kampela 6,647, , , ,949, Average 6,729, , ,61, ,169,212.8 LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 2 of 15

3 E.3. Performance of farmers group and Water User Association (WUA) There are a number of community groups exist in the village, for instance, Farmers group, Water User Association, Village Unit Cooperative, Youth Club, Women Club/Arisan, Religious club/yasinan, Saving and Borrowing, and Agricultural processing club. Figure E.1. indicates the percentage of respondents who are members to the group. The figure indicates that the participation of households at farmer s group, water user association, Village Unit Cooperative is dominant at each project site. Rural youth group, women group/arisan, and religious group are dominant only in Kampala. However, there are only few households to be member of agro processing in Empoang Selatan and Kampala. Figure E.1. The Existence of the Group at Empoang Selatan Village, South Sulawesi Province Farmers Group 33 Water User Association 1 Village Unit Cooperative 76 Rural Youth Group 43 Women Group 49 Religious group 53 Saving Group 19 Agrro Processing Group 4 The performance of farmers group will be approached by the frequency of attending the meeting and the topic were discussed in the meeting. Figure E.2. shows the performance of farmers group at each project site. The frequency of attending meeting is classified never when respondent never attended the meeting, seldom when respondent attended 1 to 5 of the meeting, and often when respondent attended more than 5 of the meeting. The table indicates that almost farmers in each project site attended the meeting. The biggest percentage of household who often attended the meeting is found in Kampala, and followed by Bulo-bulo and Empoang Selatan. LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 3 of 15

4 Figure E.2. Frequency of Attending the Meeting in South Sulawesi Province FREQUENCY (%) Bulo-bulo Empoang Selatan Kampala VILLAGE a. Never b. Seldom c. Often The major topic was discussed in the meeting is seed collection (Bulo-bulo), financing credit (Empoang Selatan) and Fertilizing (Kampala). The second topic was discussed is input factors (Bulo-bulo), access to market (Empoang Selatan) and financing/credit (Kampala) (See Figure E.3). Figure E.3. Topic Frequency Discussed in South Sulawesi FREQUENCY (%) Bulo-bulo Empoang Selatan Kampala VILLAGE 1. Seed collections 2. Fertilizing 3. Plant Pest and Disease Controls 4. Post Harvest Technology 5. Acces to Market 6. Financing/Credit 7. Inputs 8.Others LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 4 of 15

5 E.4. Potencies, opportunities and constraints at each site The discussion based on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis including efforts that had been done to overcome the constraints. The following table is preliminary SWOT Analysis. Table E.4. SWOT analysis for Special Program for Food Security (SPFS) in South Sulawesi No. Bulo-bulo Kampala Empoang Average Internal / External Weight Ratin Factors ed Rating Value Rating Value Rating Value g Value A. Internal Factors I. Strengths 1 Skilled farmers Willingness to diversify product & business 3 Effective farmers' groups 4 Availability of family labor 5 Hardworking habits Availability of farm lands II. Weaknesses 1 Shortage of irrigation water supply 2 Lack of capital Traditional farming system 4 Low bargaining position 5 Infrastructures B. External Factors III. Opportunities 1 Potencial Off-farm & non-farm activities 2 Utilisation of fallow / potencial area 3 Raising farm products Government supports II. Threats 1 Social conflicts Short period & uncertain rainy season Fluctuated prices of output 4 Uncontrolable Pest & disease attack LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 5 of 15

6 E.5. Existing Farming System and Technology Usages Existing farming system at each project site is shown in Table E.6, E.7., E.8. Table E.6 Cropping Pattern in Bulo-BuloVillage, South Sulawesi Province MONTH YEAR I MONTH YEAR II COMMODITY S O N D J F M A Me Jn Jl Ag S O N D J F M Red Onion Corn Paddy "Bero" S = September D = December M = March Jn = June O = October J = January A = April Jl = July N = November F = February Me = Mei Ag = August Table E.7. Cropping Pattern in Kampala Village, South Sulawesi Province MONTH YEAR I MONTH YEAR II COMMODITY S O N D J F M A Me Jn Jl Ag S O N D J F M diffusion diffusion Red Pepper/Chili plant plant harvest Red Onion Paddy Corn S = September D = December M = March Jn = June O = October J = January A = April Jl = July N = November F = February Me = Mei Ag = August LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 6 of 15

7 Table E.8. Cropping Pattern in Empoang Selatan Village, South Sulawesi Province MONTH YEAR I MONTH YEAR II COMMODITY S O N D J F M A Me Jn Jl Ag S O N D J F M Corn & Chili Paddy & Kasbi Bawang Bandeng Udang S = September D = December M = March Jn = June O = October J = January A = April Jl = July N = November F = February Me = Mei Ag = August Source: Seasonal Calendar, PRA Report 22 The level of technology implemented by respondents at every site will be approached by the following criteria: 1. Food crops: The use of High Yielding Variety (HYV), the use of fertilizer (organic and non-organic), pesticides and herbicides. 2. Livestock: intensive, semi intensive and not intensive 3. Fish: Modern and traditional Table E. 9 indicates the level of technology for those criteria implemented at each project site in South Sulawesi Province. Intensive implementation of livestock was found in Empoang Selatan and Kampala. Most of fisheries are operated in modern (Empoang Selatan). Tabel E.9. The level of technology implement at each project site in South Sulawesi Province Village Total Bulo-bulo Empoang Kampela No Type of Input Number Number Number Number % % % % of user of user of user of user 1 Use of High Yield Variety (HYV) 7 31, ,57 3 9, ,3 2 Use Fertilizer,,,, a. Urea 22 1, 11 72, , ,24 b. TSP 13 59, , , ,74 c. KCL 9 4, , , ,94 d. NPK, 7 5,, 7 3,63 e. Liquid fertilizer 2 9,9 6 4,29, 8 4,15 f. Others, 1,71, 1,52 3 Organic fertilizer,,,, 4 Pesticides 6 27, , , ,6 5 Herbicides, 11 7,86 1 3, ,22 Total of respondent 22 1, 14 1, 31 1, 193 1, LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 7 of 15

8 E.6. Proposed strategies and ways to ensure sustainable of the project in the sites Based on the SWOT analysis will proposed strategic and ways to ensure sustainable of the project as the logical thinking as follow. Opportunity ++ Diversification Strategy Integrated Strategy Weakness - + Strengths - + * (.1 ; -.3) Empowerment Strategy Growth Strategy -- Threats Table E.1. Project Implementation Strategy regarding SWOT Result I n t e r n a l F a c t o r s Internal S T R O N G External W E A K , 3. Integration Strategy Diversification Strategy - Strengthening business management - Diversification of farm productions H - Increase market shares - Improvement water control distribution E - Improve quality of agricultural products systems x I - Increase economic of scale - Conduct field demonstration sites of t - Higher technologies implementation improved farm technologies e G - Increase market accessibility - Increase extension & guidance to pror duct diversification n H - Intensification integrated farm productions a - Increase post harvest activities and l promote value added 2, Growth Strategy Empowerment Strategy F - Modernize irrigation/distribution system - Increase input availability a - Facilitating integrated farm management - Improve agricultural technologies c L - Increase accessibility to Financial Inst. - Construction Irrigation infrastructures t - Increase extension activities in integrated - Intensification crop productions o farm management - Increase business guidance & extension r O - Facilitating Farm cooperatives - Establishment and Conduct FFS s - Introduction of product diversification - Build transportation infrastructures - Training in integrated farm management - Introducing farm technologies W - Employ family labors in farm activities - Empowering farmers' groups - Increase income through off farm and - Attract FEWs or other support institutions non farm activities for family members - Establishment of functional WUAs - Facilitating input supply 1. LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 8 of 15

9 E.7. Performance of existing agricultural extension and need of strengthening support The performance of existing agricultural extension will be approached by several informations from respondent in relation to the implementation of agricultural extension programmes at each project site as follow: 1. Knowing the existence of Field Extension Worker (FEW) or Sub District Agriculture Staff (SDAS). 2. Knowing the appointed person to be as FEW/SDAS 3. Have ever met and consulted with FEW/SDAS 4. Frequency of the meeting with FEW/SDAS 5. Reasons respondent did not meet FEW/SDAS 6. Facing problem to see FEW/SDAS 7. Main topic frequently discussed Figure E.4., E.5, E.6 shows the performance of existing agricultural extension at each project site in South Sulawesi. The figure shows that almost respondents know FEW/SDAS, know the person appointed as FEW/SDAS, and have ever met FEW/SDAS. The frequency of the meeting with FEW/SDAS is majority only once. Most of respondent felt difficulty to see FEW/SDAS. The biggest three topics discussed were access to market. Fertilizing and plant disease and control (Bulo-bulo), access to market, financing and seed collection (Empoang Selatan), and fertilizing and seed control (Kampala). Figure E.4. Knowing of FEW/SDAS 1, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, - 1, 9,9 76,8 23,2 9,1, Bulo-bulo Empoang selatan Kampela No Yes LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 9 of 15

10 Figure E.5. Reason You Didn't Meet of FEW/SDAS ,4 9,1 12,9 -,71 - Bulo-bulo Empoang selatan Kampela 1. dificult to meet 2. does not need 3. does not need 4. doesn't have time Figure E.6. Main Topic Frequency Discussed ,7 14,3 1. Acces to Market 36,4 5, 2. Fertilizing 16,4 4,5 3. Financing 22,7 5, 4. Plant Pest and Disease Controls 2,7 13,6 8,6, 5. Seed 6. Others Collection Bulo-bulo Empoang selatan Kampela E.8. Performance supports of financial institutions (formal/informal) to the communities The type of financial institution consists of two groups, i.e., formal Institution (Bank, Government and Local cooperative) and informal institution (friends, family, village organization, and others). This section will describe the number of respondents have accessed to both types of financial institutions and also other related information, such the amount of the loan, interest rate and loan period. Figure E.7. shows the performance supports of financial institutions (formal/informal) to the communities at each project site in Riau Province. The figure indicates that formal institution has been accessed by household at each project site. The main source of informal institute is friends and family. The amount of the loan is between Rp. 1,. - to Rp 1 million with the average interest rate per month is about 2 percent. In addition, most of the period of the loan is monthly, except in Empoang Selatan. LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 1 of 15

11 Figure E.7. Financial Support in Empoang Selatan agricultural products bussinessman family friends non bank creditor pawning state own companies 1. Formal 2. Informal institute E.9. Existing post-harvest technology and activities, including constraints and opportunities to agricultural production and marketing Post harvest technology implemented at every site is very simple and typical. The post harvest technology implemented such as peeling, cleaning and drying. The survey was recorded the processing of paddy and onion. Figures bellow illustrates marketing of agriculture product found at every site. LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 11 of 15

12 FLOW CHART OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION IN DESA BULO-BULO KECAMATAN ARUNG KEKE KABUPATEN JENEPONTO Village Market Location of Food Middleman Household Consumption KUD Cooperative Village District Market Small Shop Sub Dolog LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 12 of 15

13 FLOW CHART OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION IN DESA EMPOANG SELATAN KECAMATAN BINAMU KABUPATEN JENEPONTO Location of Food Trader/ Middleman Household Consumption District Market Small Shop FLOWCHART OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION IN DESA KAMPALA KECAMATAN ARUNG KEKE KABUPATEN JENEPONTO Location of Food Trader/ Middleman Household Consumption District Market Small Shop Province Market LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 13 of 15

14 E.1. List of alternative Community Action Planning in income generation to be supported under each project component Community Action Plans (CAP) have been formulated based on organizing of problem in the village with Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) such as mapping, transect walk, sketch of land, historical village, seasonal calendar, daily schedule, distribution of food, venn diagram and matrix ranking. Communities problems were ordered to define the priority problems based on criteria: (i) how these problem were felt by a most people; (ii) how serious and urgent these problems and how far these problems make constrain welfare improvement. These problems were analyzed by communities to know : (i) what cause of problems; (ii) how far available resource to overcome the problems and (iii) possible actions to solve these problems. These possible actions were ordered by communities with criteria: (i) how far positive impact to communities income and (ii) how far these actions have potential to alleviate the problems. Finally, the priorities actions become community action plan (CAP). Based on these procedure each village has a community action plan (CAP). The CAP include of : (i) name of activities (ii) location of activities (iii) volume of activities (iv) beneficiaries (v) type of activities (is it a new, rehabilitation or continue) (vi) time of activities (vii) source and amount of fund and who will responsible to the activities General content of CAP each village are as follows, the complete CAP were presented in PRA report The CAP of Empoang Selatan are: 1. Building irrigation system 2. Supplying machines (tractor, 9 units pump, 31 units patch machine) 3. Supplying cattle and seeding shrimp dry 4. Establish a farmer cooperative 5. Forming and managing P3A 6. Extension and training 7. Developing farming system The CAP of Kampala are: 1. Building irrigation system 2. Supplying 3 units tractor and 1 unit rice miller 3. Supervising agriculture, livestock, and fishery 4. Establish a cooperative 5. Building health facilities 6. Building sanitary infrastructure LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 14 of 15

15 The CAP of Bulo-Bulo are: 1. Building irrigation system 2. Supplying 2 units tractor 3. Increasing palm sugar processing and plait handicraft 4. Agriculture and livestock skill extension 5. Establish a farmer cooperative 6. Building house meeting for farmers LBDS E. Jeneponto South Sulawesi page 15 of 15