VAC integrated system with entire Energy chain in Vietnam

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "VAC integrated system with entire Energy chain in Vietnam"

Paul Shelton
5 years ago
Views:

FAO Technical consultation, Rome, Italy 14-15 th 2010 How to make Integrated Food Energy Systems work for small-scale farmers and rural people The

1 FAO Technical consultation, Rome, Italy th 2010 How to make Integrated Food Energy Systems work for small-scale farmers and rural people The Center for Rural Communities R&D (CCRD) VAC integrated system with entire Energy chain in Vietnam Presented by: Mr. Pham Van Thanh Director of CCRD 1

2 China Laos Pacific Ocean Cambodia 80, people 80% population: farme 2

3 Presentation of IFES in Vietnam : 1. Brief background of Vietnam economy development 2. The basic elements of VAC integrated System 3. Example of VAC integrated System 4. The entire Energy chain in VAC Integrated System 5. VACVINA Biodigester System 6. Strategic Distribution Network 7. User survey & Lesson learnt 8. Barriers for Replication and scaling-up of IFES 9. Suggestions and Recommendations 3

4 1. Brief Background Centrally planned & Subsidized System All Production materials (land) have been belonging to collective ownership Doi moi Reform Policy 1986 Market oriented System The Vietnam Econom Allocation of land to peasants Overuse chemical fertilizers Waste agricultural by-products 4

Fertilizer use in agriculture A large amount of chemical

volatilization and fixation in the soil 40-65% chemical

5 Fertilizer use in agriculture A large amount of chemical fertilizers being lost 40-45% lost to leaching, erosion, volatilization and fixation in the soil 40-65% chemical fertilizers using by plants: nitrogen : 35-45%, phosphorus and potassium : 50-60% From a Total ~ 2.4 million tons NPK /Year Estimated 1,2 mil.tons of urea-equivalent being lost environment pollution N2O emission 5

6 1. Brief History Centrally planned & Subsidized System All Production materials (land) have been belonging to collective ownership Doi moi Reform Policy 1986 Market oriented System The Vietnam Econom Allocation of land to peasants VACVINA has developed a concept of integrated farm management, comprising 3 elements : long-standing, traditional activities of Vietnamese people - the garden, - the fishpond - the animal husbandry The new concept - called the VAC integrated system VACVINA: Trained farmers in improved agricultural 6 practices

7 2. The basic elements of VAC System Garden animal shed fish pond What is VAC? VAC is acronym formed from the three Vietnamese words: Vuon : garden or orchard, Ao : fish pond, Chuong : animal shed (stable, pigsty,poultry shed ) 7

8 VAC refers to a form of small-scale bio-intensive fa where: Gardening (V), Fish rearing (A) & Animal husbandry (C) are closely integrated. Gard en Animal shed The interactional relationship in VAC System: Fish pond Some products from the garden (V) is used to feed the fish (A) Fish pond (A) provides water, mud and slime to irrigate and fertilize the garden (V). Some of the fish (A) generally the cast of fishes, can be used as nutritious animal feed (C). Animal manure (C) is used for plant (V) and fish food (A) 8

9 VAC system makes optimal use of land, water & solar energy to achieve high economic efficiency with low capital investment/ inputs And People roles People make interactional effects to VAC system: They consume VAC products ; Add outside factors (fertilize plantation, food for breeding, etc.) to this system and control the process of waste treatment of VAC simultan 9

10 VAC and economic development Household income 30% from rice cultivation 70% from VAC activities 10

Rice Mono-cultivationVAC integrated application Income from 1 ha : 13-15

11 Rice Mono-cultivationVAC integrated application Income from 1 ha : millions VND/year. (1US$ = VND) Income from 1 ha: millions VND/year 11

12 3. Example of VAC integrated System Animal husbandry (C) Garden (V) Fish pond (A) 12

13 fish raising in fishpond 13

14 Some fruit trees & vegetable growing in Home Garden (V) 14

15 Pig, Cow/ Buffalo and Chicken are effective in Animal Husbandry (C) at VAC System 15

16 16

17 4. The entire Energy chain in VAC Integrated System by recycling organic matters Bioga s Energ y Selfefficie ncy FOOD safety Animal husbandry waste 1 1 VACVINA Biodigester VAC system Plant s 2 Agricultural by-products Effluent from Biodigester 2 Chemical fertilizers/n,p,k limited at 50-55% BiOVAC Effective Microorganism Biofertilizer Composting Raw materials in 45 days 17

18 5. VACVINA Biodigester system The underground flat-top system integrates both pigsty and latrine while providing a concrete floor on which the animal 18 shelters are built. 1- inlet system 2. Digester 3. Outlet 4.Gas reservoir

19 40cm inlet system: a System of siphons (Uband) 2 can daily work with breaking scum 2. Inlet: siphon-device with active and continuous scum-breaking action: CH4 Through it the dung is gravitationally feeding into the digestion tank and help Gas production stable Here scum could not be formed & developed -> This makes gas production stable 19

20 Digestion tank (Digester): L form Cylinder Rectangular inlet large size bio-digester tank: Outlet inlet inlet i i i i 20

21 The top of the tank: insite reinforced concret 21

22 The Outlet: 22

23 Incorporation of toilet into digestion tank 23

24 Incorporation of toilet into digestion tank 24

25 One of the first VACVINA biodigesters constructed from May 1998 gas reservoirs system 25

26 Women using biogas for cooking effectively 26

27 Why? Advantages of VACVINA biogas system Reduces land requirements to a minimum (available space is a major hurdle for many households). Its hybrid nature (plastic bag reservoir) helps keep the cost down (1 VACVINA Biodigester = 50% cost of Fixed dome digs). Its innovative design (siphon-inlet) prevents the accumulation of a hardened scum layer that reduces gas output in the absence of annual cleaning and overhaul (5person family ->5-7pigs) The construction is easy and it does not require special masonry skills. Total cost: low (in comparison with a fixed dome model) 27

28 Usage of the Slurry and Recycling by-products for Production of bio-fertilizer at household scale 28

29 There're a large quantity of living & Agricultural Waste,... discarded by farmers and make environment more polluted 29

30 Overuse chemical fertilizers and Burning & discarding Agricultural Waste is a bad habit & behaviour of farmers, representing unsustainable agricultural practice in Vietnam 30

31 Using slurry + agricultural waste for Production of bio-fertilizer at household scale days Groups effective micro-organisms 31

32 Bio-fertilizer could be produced easily on the field... 32

33 Advantages of Bio-fertilizer produced at household scale by recycling agricultural waste: More efficient retention of N,P,K elements Increased nitrogen fixing capacity. Soil enrichment by higher levels of organic matter. Increased Decreased plant environmental resistance pollution. and decreased fungus Direct levels. savings for farmers as they use less chem fertilizers. 33

34 6. Strategic Distribution Network : CCRD VACVINA Chapters at all levels in 61 provinces Biogas Service suppliers VACVINA chapter at commune level Turn-key biogas plant - Early-bird promotion - Warranty - Training user Training, transfering technology Set up a network of biogas suppliers as Micro-entrepreneurs Potential customers 5-7Pigs, 2-3cows raising 34

35 7. User survey & Lesson learnt Objectives: To aware of the effectiveness of using the VACVINA biodigesters. To aware of the breeding potential and effect of VACVINA Biodigesters in the community life Survey concerning issues including: Quality of the provided products, Satisfactory degree/level of the users, Biogas effect on environmental matter, Economic efficiency Lesson learnt The Network of suppliers : VACVINA Chapters at commune (lowest) level developed as micro- entrepreneurs have high level of satisfaction from clients in term of : - Giving information ; - Delivering product; - Redering service 35

36 Lesson learnt (continue) The marketing strategy: The setting up of biogas Information & Distribution shops equipped with promotional and presentation material (videos, booklets, flyers...) has been a success in promoting interest and sales in communes. The product: VACVINA biodigester is very well rated among users. No major weaknesses have been reported. Its quality / price ratio is well perceived The financial model: - Turn-key biogas plant concept has been well perceived by community - early bird promotion (a slightly more market oriented approach than a subsidy) proved successful. - a credit loan would advantageously replace a discount or subsidy 36

37 8. Barriers for Replication and scaling-up of IFES Policies in Vietnam: Subsidies to chemical inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) Fossil fuel Subsidies of national (SNV/Netherlands) biogas program 37

38 9. Some suggestions and Recommendations Need increased staff for more awareness raising and training. More funds for national campaign. Need a more market oriented approach with private entrepreneurs offering the biogas component. More varied product choices. Easier access to micro-credit for rural households. Implement a market based approach whereby farmers recognize the value for money of the systems offered. Stay away from a charity-based model that devaluates the perceived value of the IFES system. Market the system as beneficial for all farmers, including successful ones, and not only for the poorest of the poor 38

39 Thank you for your attentions! The Center for Rural Communities R&D (CCRD) 39

40 What 's BiOVAC? Nte Analyses of micro-organisms Density 1 Microorganism for disintegrating phosphous (P) Pceudomonas Sp 3, CFU/gr. 2 Microorganism for disintegrating Cellulose Asperfilus.niger 2, CFU/gr. 3 Microorganism for Nitrogen fixing & Bio- Synthesise IAA (Active agent for stimulating growth of the plants) Azotobater Sp Pceudomonasnitro-reduecen 10 7 CFU/gr 4 micoorganism for sythetise lactic acid Lactobacilus. Cp 3, CFU/gr 5 micoorganism emiting musk to restrain harmful fungus Fuzarium.Oxyporum 1, CFU/gr 40

SITUATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LA VAN KINH INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL SCIENCES FOR SOUTHERN VIETNAM

SITUATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LA VAN KINH INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL SCIENCES FOR SOUTHERN VIETNAM General information Phu Quoc QD Hoang Sa QD Truong Sa 330,972 km 2 30% for arable