#ZERO RESIDUE. Mealy bug and White fly IN ROSES SEE IT. BELIEVE IT. DO IT PART 5 ZERORESIDUE.

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1 . #ZERO RESIDUE IN ROSES SEE IT. BELIEVE IT. DO IT PART 5 Mealy bug and White fly ZERORESIDUE SEE IT. BELIEVE IT. DO IT Realipm

2 Introduction Most growers complain that when they embark on an IPM programme with less chemicals, that the level of mealy bug and white fly increase, however growers who apply Real Metarhizium 69 on a weekly basis to the full canopy at the correct volume of water (to avoid run off, will find that this is a very effective prophylactic programme. Scarab maps if used in conjunction with this weekly preventative Metarhizium Programme, will identify ant mealy bug or whitefly hotspots and enable the spray team to apply double rate Met 69 at a 3 day interval to these hot spots. This prevents the mealybug and whitefly from spreading. If the RealIPM programme has been used throughout the life of the crop from planting using the above guidelines there should not be a problem. One of the most important findings of our #zeroresidue trials that was our own scouts and Scarab advisors were unable to identify mealybug colonies that had been colonised by predatory midges which kill mealy bug. Fortunately RealIPM has begun a rearing facility for mealy bug parasitic wasps and our Rearing manager (Carol Khatachi) is very familiar with the identification of mealybug natural enemies. By chance Carol came into our trial area to collect samples of the predatory midge because she knew they were there and no one else did!! If she had not brought this to our attention, it would have appeared to our scouting team that the mealybug should have been sprayed with a chemical. This could easily be the situation in your farm too! Instead we kept on with the intensive Met 69 programme because we wanted to conserve the mealybug predatory midges so that they could help us eliminate the mealybug, if we had sprayed a chemical at this stage, the predatory midges would all have been killed. The same situation can happen with white fly and the parasitic wasp called Encasia formosa Both Scarab and Real IPM consultants can train your farm staff how to identify these free beneficial insects and avoid the unnecessary use of chemicals for their control. Louise Labuschagne 1.

3 Real Solutions Real Farming Mealy bug control progress on Scarab maps Louise Labuschagne 2.

The flying male mealybug is not common. Females lay up to 100 eggs in a nest of waxy filaments.

4 Mealybug and Whitefly control (a) Mealybug eggs (b) Mealybug cottony nest (c) Mealybug cottony nest Mealy bug and whitefly are consider together because most pesticides which kill mealybug also kill whitefly. Mealybug life cycle Adult females are the commonly observed sex. The flying male mealybug is not common. Females lay up to 100 eggs in a nest of waxy filaments. These eggs hatch into crawlers, which soon settle into colonies to feed on plant sap. The life cycle from egg to adult can take up to 40 days, depending on the temperature. Mealybug life cycle Louise Labuschagne 3.

Ant collecting sugar solution from mealybug Ant infected with Metarhizium Mealybug on fallen

The ants lick the sugary drips from their bodies and ward off predators and parasitoids.

These thrips sprays will come into contact with leaves infested with mealybug that have fallen

Naturally occurring mealybug parasitoids, migrate into crops, free of charge, if the compatible

5 Ant collecting sugar solution from mealybug Ant infected with Metarhizium Mealybug on fallen dead leaves Ants often attend mealybug colonies. The ants lick the sugary drips from their bodies and ward off predators and parasitoids. Metarhizium soil drenches (for thrips) will also help reduce the ant population. These thrips sprays will come into contact with leaves infested with mealybug that have fallen to the ground. Naturally occurring mealybug parasitoids, migrate into crops, free of charge, if the compatible biopesticide, Real Metarhizium is used Mealybug parasitoids a) Anagyrus pseudococci b) A. pseudococci (male) c) Leptomastideaabnormis d) Leptomastix epona e) Acerophagusflavidulus f) Coccidoxenoides perminutus Louise Labuschagne 4.

Mealybug predators a) Scymnus beetle b) Cryptolaemus larvae (looks like mealybug) c) Cecidomyiid larvae d) Lacewing larvae Whitefly life cycle Up to 200 eggs per female are

Immature stages are not mobile and the non-feeding pupal stage follows, lasting about 6 days.

6 Mealybug predators a) Scymnus beetle b) Cryptolaemus larvae (looks like mealybug) c) Cecidomyiid larvae d) Lacewing larvae Whitefly life cycle Up to 200 eggs per female are laid on the newest leaves. Nymphs emerge within 5 to 7 days and move a short distance before flattening themselves against the leaf to begin sucking the sap. Immature stages are not mobile and the non-feeding pupal stage follows, lasting about 6 days. White fly adults and scales Traps Male mealybug adults are flying and can be trapped on yellow sticky traps. Whitefly adults are also attracted to yellow sticky traps. See guidelines in thrips section for the use of sticky traps Louise Labuschagne 5.

Encarsia Naturally occurring whitefly parasitoids and predators migrate into crops, free of charge, if the compatible biopesticide, Real Metarhizium is used.

7 Encarsia Naturally occurring whitefly parasitoids and predators migrate into crops, free of charge, if the compatible biopesticide, Real Metarhizium is used. The most common parasitoid is Encarsia formosa. It is, however, very sensitive to pesticides including excessive use of fungicides. Encarsia lays eggs in the whitefly scales, which die and turn black whilst an Encarsia develops inside the old whitefly scale. Routine, prophylactic canopy sprays of Metarhizium for thrips have a broadspectrum effect on both whitefly and mealybug. If Metarhizium is applied every week as a preventative spray from planting, when crop canopy is not dense, the build up of pests such as whitefly and mealybug can be avoided. Problems with these pests can occur because small populations were not detected early enough. Once the canopy gets bigger, it is more difficult to get good under-leaf cover. Encarsia adult with black parasitized white fly scales and a recently hatched (un-pa4.rasitized) white fly scale See section on thrips for guidelines on how to use Metarhizium.Metarhizium should be tank-mixed with an effective whitefly or mealybug insecticide if pest levels are high. The spray interval should be reduced to three days. A wetting agent should be added in accordance with label recommendations. Louise Labuschagne 6.

Real Solutions Real Farming www.realipm.com www.realipm.co.uk Real IPM (Kenya) Ltd P.O Box 4001-01002 Madaraka, Thika, Kenya (+254) 0725 806086 info@realipm.

8 Real Solutions Real Farming Real IPM (Kenya) Ltd P.O Box Madaraka, Thika, Kenya (+254) Director Dr Henry Wainwright Director Louise Labuschagne ZERORESIDUE DISTRIBUTORS Real IPM South Africa Pty Ltd Managing Director Jean Kuiper South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe Crop Defenders Ltd Managing Director Dr. Ishtiaq Rao Canada Real IPM U.K Managing Director Anthony Pierce E.U & other countries Elephant Vert Technical Manager Benoit Gossaert Morocco, Mali, Côte d'ivoire, Ghana, Senegal, Cameroun Burkina Faso & Tunisia Real IPM in Tanzania Tanzania Real IPM in Ethiopia Ethiopia Real IPM in Uganda Uganda Realipm The information contained in Real Insights does SEE not constitute IT. BELIEVE advice. IT. Farmers DO ITshould satisfy themselves of the registration and efficacy issues involved in implementation

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