8 INTERVENTION WORKBOOK CHAPTER: ENVIRONMENT(

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1 The City School PAF Chapter Prep+SeniorI Section GEOGRAPHY Class 8 INTERVENTION WORKBOOK CHAPTER: ENVIRONMENT( Pg: ), (Pg:97-117)

2 GEOGRAPHY TODAY BOOK 3 REVISED EDITION TOPIC: ENVIRONMENT (Pg:87-94), (Pg: ) Q 1-Whenever development is carried out environment is affected because of some reasons. List those reasons. a) b) c) Q 2 -Label the development compass given below. Q 3- What questions does the development compass help us to remember we should always ask about any development in the country? N _ E S W _ The Development compass and the Kalabagh Dam Project ( Pg : 88) 1) WAPDA is an abbreviation for 2) According to WAPDA s report in 2006 with increasing and depleting resources, Pakistan is fast heading towards a situation of water shortage and threat of. 3) Write down the name of WAPDA s development project. The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 2 of 12

3 4) What did that programme of WAPDA propose? Natural Resources (Pg : 88) The Kalabagh Dam project would store the river water in the valleys of the, and Soan.The total area for water storage in these valleys would be miles. The Reservoir would extend miles up the valley, miles up the Valley and miles up the Soan valley. Economic Development ( Pg : 88) According to WAPDA s proposal of Kalabagh Dam project the water in the reservoir would be used 1) To increase for the increase in production. 2) To prevent flooding downstream which damages land. 3) To provide fresh water to combat ( fight ). 4) To increase the production of electricity for the increase in production. Social development ( Pg : 88) The increase in economic development would help e. g. 1) To reduce farmers. 2) To provide more jobs in industry and reduce. 3) To increase people s ability to afford attention and fees. Who decides? (Pg.88) The Kalabagh Dam project was proposed by and its report stated that Sindh and KPK had raised various concerns for this Proposal. The concerns of the KPK are that : (Pg 89) 1) Drainage in the surrounding areas of Mardan, Pabbi and Swabi plains would be hindered by the reservoir and thus create and. 2) The operation of the Mardan project would be affected. 3) Fertile cultivable land would be from time to time. The concerns of Sindh are that: (Pg : 89) 1) It would receive even less water from the River Indus than present and this would reduce output. 2) There would be an increase in the intrusion of water into the increasing soil. 3) would be affected even more than at present. 4) Fish production and water supplies below the Barrage would be reduced even further. The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 3 of 12

4 WAPDA s report stated that : (Pg : 89) According to WAPDA s report in 2006 about water shortage stated the following points. Project would help to: 1) Avoid shortage. 2) Increased to avoid burden of importing food for the growing population. 3) More will be produced which will reduce the need to import oil for power stations. 4) If Pakistan will have less water it would be difficult to overcome soil. 5) The 120,000 people who would have to leave their land, 78,000 would be resettled in and 42,000 people in The resettling would include a) Homes in model villages with all facilities and with estates. b) Compensation for and lost and there would be a better quality of life for all the people. In response to the concerns of KPK and Sindh WAPDA s report stated that :- 1) Some concerns were. 2) The construction of the project would improve the situations to overcome possible problems caused by the project. 3) Landowners in KPK whose land was flooded from time would be. A- Facts about the Developments (Pg : 89-90) Developments are planned for km of coastline at and of Karachi. 1) A middle East construction company has already started land reclamation for a project called 2) The DHA is to construct theme, marinas, expo centers and expensive hotels and condominiums ( double storey house with a basement built ) along 14 km of beach between Mc Donald s and the Golf club in Defense phase. 3) Cantonments and Naval Bases at island have been told to move so that the island can be developed into a. 4) Sugarland city is a development planned to the west of Karachi in the Hawks bay area.it will affect and beaches where lay their eggs. 5) Beaches near Karachi now have black waves, due to and garbage on the sand. 6) These plans are going ahead despite all the concerns of Karachi planners, and environmentalists. The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 4 of 12

5 B- Comments on the developments (Pg : 90-91) Govt. had not ensured Protection of the following in Karachi. a) b) c) d) How have developments in Pakistan affected the environment? ( Pg : 92) Before 1997 development went ahead, which has resulted in serious environmental problems e.g.: Factories and power stations have caused pollution Factories and power stations and new farming methods have caused pollution Cutting trees for firewood has caused and. Increased irrigation has caused waterlogging, and Water pollution and reduced flow I rivers has endangered species of wildlife and Illegal and inadequate housing has led to the dumping of garbage causing Studies of environments affected by development (Pg.92 94) 1 The population of the world has been developing. For supporting this population countries have been developing their and which have affected the environment for e.g. (A) Water logging, salinity and Sodicity in the Indus plains ( in Pakistan ) (Pg:92) Q1. Define water logging. Q2. What is the effect of water logging on crops and plants? The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 5 of 12

6 Q3. Which crop plant can grow in very wet conditions? Q4. Define saline soil Q5. Define Sodic soil. Q6. Which soil type has no cure. Name the different types of saline and sodic soils which the Farmers recognize by their appearance. Q7. How do the farmers in Punjab deal with the problems of their soils? Salinity control and Reclamation Project ( SCARP ) ( Pg 94) Q1. How has our government tried to control salinity? Explain. Q2.Write full farms for SCARP and LEAD (interesting fact pg. 94) C) The Dying Delta in Sindh :- (Pg.97) Why is the delta described as dying? (Pg ) Q1. What are keti Bandar and kharochhan? The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 6 of 12

7 Q2. What problems were caused to the Keti Bandar due to the sea water? Q3. What were the reasons that caused the delta to die? Q4. How can the Indus River water be saved from falling into the Arabian sea? Q5. What were the arguments about Kalabagh Dam Project? D) Pesticides and pollution :- (Pg. 101) Q 1-What are pests? Q 2-What are pesticides? What are they used for? Q 3-Name different types of pesticides. Q 4.Fill in the blanks. a) The developed countries use nearly of the world s pesticides. b) The main pesticides they use are. c) Insecticides kill. d) Herbicides kill growing among crop plants. e) Fungicides kill. The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 7 of 12

8 f) Traces of Pesticides from the Aral region have been found in the blood of penguins in the.(taken from interesting fact on Pg 101) g) The developing countries are in Asia, and America. h) Herbicides are less and harmful to the environment and humans than. i) The main pesticide used in developing countries are the. j) DDT is a type of which is banned in countries,yet they continue to manufacture and sell them to countries. k) The developing countries use DDT to grow crops to meet the requirements and to. l) In Pakistan % pesticides are used on crops. m) The increase in use of pesticides is also more because 900 species of insects, plant diseases and weeds have become to the pesticide used to control them. n) As a result amount of pesticides have to be used. o) Pesticides pollute air and. The results of the use of pesticides (Pg. 102) Q1. What were the results of using pesticides in a large amount in India? Q2.How is wild life affected by the use of pesticides? Also give an example to support your answer. Q3.Why did Germany stop buying tea from India? _ Q4.Greater quantities of pesticides are used by developed countries than in developing countries yet the majority of deaths end poisoning by pesticides occur in developing countries. What are the reasons for it? The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 8 of 12

9 Interesting facts (Pg.102) 1) Blood tests have shown that 1/3 workers in the fields of Pakistan have been exposed to dangerous levels of pesticides used on the crop. 2) An American scientist Edward Knipling who first thought of the idea in the 1930s and then invented the method of eradicating the from 3 million areas of cotton in USA. Fighting fruit files in Pakistan ( Pg:103) Why fight fruit files? Pg:103 Q1. Why do we need to fight against fruit flies? Q2. Describe the new method of controlling fruit flies? Q3. How is that method to fight fruit flies used? Q4. Which fruits have been saved from fruit flies by using this method? E) Causes and results of landslides in the Muree Area ( Pg.104 Q 1- What two types of factors cause landsliding? 1) 2) Q2- List the reasons for those causes. a) b) c) d) The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 9 of 12

10 F) The Aral sea and the environmental disaster (Pg : 107) Q1. What is an inland sea? Name a few inland seas in the world. Q2. Which is the 4 th largest inland sea? Q3. Name the countries in which this 4 th largest inland sea is located? Q4. Which five countries got separated from Russia in 1991? Q5. Which two rivers kept this sea full of water? Q6. Name a few countries where these rivers flow from and then fall into the sea. Q7. Fill in the blanks i. The sea had many fresh water fish and lived on the sea shore. ii. People sailed km across this sea in boats. iii. There was irrigated area along the banks of the two rivers where huge quantities of were grown. That was a valuable crop and was known as. iv. This sea kept the climate in that area. v. The water of the rivers was stopped for irrigation so from the year the Aral sea started drying up. vi. The sea lost almost % of its surface area and % of the volume of its water. Q8. What are the effects of drying up of the Aral sea on the environment and on the people in that area? On the environment: The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 10 of 12

11 On the people Q9. Which country made efforts to try to save the North Aral sea and how successful were the efforts? G ) Air pollution : (pg : ) Q1. What are the causes of air pollution? Q2. Which continent contributes the largest amount to the air pollution? What is the reason for it? Q3. How do vehicles, cement and steel industry cause air pollution? Explain. Vehicles: Steel industry: The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 11 of 12

12 Cement industry: Q4. How has China increased the amount of air pollution? Spotlight on Global Warming (Pg: ) Q1. What is Global warming? Q2. What are the causes of global warming? Q3. Which are the Greenhouse Gases? Q4. Why are these gases called as Greenhouse Gases? Q5. What human activities create greenhouse gases? Q6. What will be the results of Global Warming? a) b) c) d) The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes ( 2 nd Term)/Geography/Class 8 Page 12 of 12