Critical Thinking. Answer Key. Skills Worksheet. ANALOGIES 1. c 5. c 2. b 6. b 3. d 7. a 4. c

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1 Skills Worksheet Critical Thinking Answer Key ANALOGIES 1. c 5. c 2. b 6. b 3. d 7. a 4. c INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS 8. Environmental problems in general are market failures. In this case, the market price of the trash carried by the ship did not reflect its true cost. The cost of transporting the trash should have included the damage to the marine environment. 9. Answers may vary. Sample answer: If the trash floats into international waters, it could violate international agreements. 10. Answers may vary. Sample answer: First, determine which agency is responsible for monitoring ocean pollution. Then, report the problem to the proper agency. AGREE OR DISAGREE 11. Accept any thoughtful answer. Sample answer: Agree; environmental regulations require the minimum amount of effort to ensure an environmental problem does not become worse. To move toward a sustainable future, people must work to improve the environmental situation, not just to keep it from getting worse. 12. Accept any thoughtful answer. Sample answer: Agree; because wealthy nations are better able to meet the basic human requirements of food and shelter, it is their duty to help make the environment a priority for less fortunate nations as well as a priority for themselves. We will all benefit from a healthy environment; providing economic incentives to poorer nations is a worthwhile investment in the future. 13. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Disagree; television is the main source of information for many people. However, media reports are usually brief and leave out many details. To fully understand environmental issues, sources other than the popular media should be consulted. These sources include scientific reports, newsletters, and reliable Web sites. REFINING CONCEPTS 14. Nations are very protective of their rights to manage their own affairs. Also, during its development, the United States was free to do what it wished with its own natural resources and was not regulated by other countries. Trying to control the development of Brazil could be viewed as a hypocritical action. 15. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The EIS requirement is partly a result of scientists influencing the government and the public. 16. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Communities can still take initiative to cooperate and plan even if the government does not require it. In New York, several communities coordinated plans for a greenbelt along the Hudson River. Their actions show that local environmental plans can be effective. The challenge is to overcome the problem of lack of coordination; this can be accomplished by approaching projects and programs with a spirit of cooperation. 17. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Rachel Carson, a biologist, wrote the book Silent Spring in The book raised awareness of the dangers of toxic pesticides. Partly in response to her book, Congress passed the Wilderness Act in Holt McDougal Environmental Science i Economics, Policy, and the Future

2 Skills Worksheet Critical Thinking ANALOGIES Mark the letter of the pair of terms that best completes the analogy shown. An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of words or phrases written as a : b :: c : d. The symbol : is read is to, and the symbol :: is read as. 1. attending public meetings: local policy :: a. globalization : privatization b. EIS : planning c. lobbying : national policy d. environmental problem : global warming 2. EPA : Clean Water Act :: a. Department of Agriculture : Superfund b. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service : Endangered Species Act c. EIS : state representative d. Nuclear Regulatory Commission : U.S. senator 3. Earth Day : 1970 :: a. Kyoto Protocol : 1987 b. Montreal Protocol : 1997 c. Earth Summit : 1997 d. Kyoto Protocol : DDT : Rachel Carson :: a. lead additives : Jane Goodall b. Nashua River : John Cronin c. human population increases : Paul Ehrlich d. Sierra Club : Theodore Roosevelt 5. loopholes : regulations :: a. environmental problems : market failures b. individuals : cooperation c. CFCs : ozone layer d. littering : recycling 6. citizens : local government :: a. Clean Water Act : unfunded mandate b. countries : international organizations c. media : public opinion d. agencies : policies 7. Kyoto Protocol : greenhouse gas emissions :: a. Montreal Protocol : ozone-destroying chemicals b. CITES : hazardous waste c. NEPA : endangered species d. IWC : groundwater pollution Holt McDougal Environmental Science 1 Economics, Policy and the Future

3 INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS Read the following passage, and answer the questions that follow. Two people fishing in a boat about 20 km offshore noticed paper, plastic, and other types of litter floating in the water. As they headed back to shore, they passed a large trash barge. Crew members on the deck of the ship were dumping the garbage overboard. 8. You are a citizen in the city whose trash was being transported by this barge. How is this scenario potentially an example of a market failure? 9. Could this situation affect international agreements? Explain your answer. 10. If you were one of the people on the fishing boat, what action would you take? Holt McDougal Environmental Science 2 Economics, Policy and the Future

4 AGREE OR DISAGREE Agree or disagree with the following statements, and support your answer. 11. An individual is obligated to do more to preserve the environment than is required by law. 12. Wealthy nations should offer poor nations economic incentives to protect the environment. 13. Television is the best source of information about environmental problems. Holt McDougal Environmental Science 3 Economics, Policy and the Future

5 REFINING CONCEPTS The statements below challenge you to refine your understanding of concepts covered in the chapter. Think carefully, and answer the questions that follow. 14. The United States and other highly developed nations have criticized the logging and burning of the rain forest in the Brazilian Amazon. Beyond the environmental implications depletion of natural resources with no plan for renewal and an increase in global production of carbon dioxide what makes this criticism controversial? 15. How does the widespread study of environmental science affect government policy? 16. Given that communities in the same area do not always coordinate plans, can environmental action on the local level be effective? 17. Give an example of how one person has changed the course of environmental policies in the United States. Holt McDougal Environmental Science 4 Economics, Policy and the Future

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