World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water. WMO Perspectives

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1 World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO Perspectives Robert Stefanski Chief, Agricultural Meteorology Division WMO

2 Outline Overview of WMO Impact of Agrometeorological Services WMO Agromet Projects WAMIS SWFDP Summary 2

3 Overview of WMO 3

4 World Meteorological Organization United Nations agency for weather, climate, hydrology and water resources and related environmental issues. 189 Members from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) 10 major scientific & technical programmes (Secretariat) 8 Technical Commissions advise & guide activities of programmes (Experts) 6 Regional Associations involved in implementation 4

5 WMO Strategic Thrusts ( ) Improving service quality and service delivery; Advancing scientific research and application, as well as development and implementation of technology; Strengthening capacity-building; Building and enhancing partnerships and cooperation; Strengthening good governance 5

6 Five priority Areas Global Framework for Climate Services; Aviation meteorological services; Capacity-building for the developing and least developed countries; Implementation of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) and WMO Information System (WIS); Disaster risk reduction 6

7 WMO Technical Commissions Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) Commission for Climatology (CCl) Commission for Hydrology (CHy) Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) Joint WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) 7

8 Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Terms of Reference Support applications of meteorology to management of agriculture, livestock, forestry, rangelands and fisheries sectors; Assist Member countries in developing/establishing their agrometeorological services particularly on: Operational use of knowledge concerning weather and climate for sustainable agricultural management through conservation and better use of natural resources; Use of weather and agrometeorological observations, forecasts and warnings for operational purposes; 8

9 Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Terms of Reference (2) Use of climate observations and predictions; Adaptation to climate variability and change (developing countries); Combating unfavourable influences of weather and climate on agricultural subsectors, including weather-related pests and diseases; Protection of agricultural produce in storage/transit against damage due to direct and indirect influences of weather and climate; 9

10 Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Terms of Reference (2) Improve coordination and collaboration mechanisms with users of weather and climate information in agricultural subsectors & liaise actively with weather and climate service providers; Formulate data and information requirements for agricultural purposes; Foster development and use of effective communication methods for acquiring and disseminating agrometeorological information, advice and warnings to agricultural subsectors and getting feedback; Promote a better understanding of the interactions and impacts of weather and climate in regards to drought and desertification; 10

11 Key Questions in AgroMeteorology What are the weather / climate events that impact agricultural decision-making? How to relate weather / climate information to meaningful agricultural actions / practices? 11

12 Impact of Agrometeorogical services 12

13 Example from Mali - West Africa National Meteorological Service of Mali launched project 25 years ago, with external funding, to provide climate information to farmers. Met Service recognized that rural communities need help in managing risks associated with rainfall variability. 13

14 Example from Mali - West Africa Project has evolved into extensive/effective collaboration between government agencies, research institutions, media, extension services, and farmers. First project in Africa to supply climate-related advice and recommendations directly to farmers, and to help them measure climate variables themselves, so that they could incorporate climate information into their decision making. 14

15 2009 Seminar - Mali Met Service Presentation 15 15

16 2009 Seminar Farmers ask Questions 16 16

17 2009 Seminar Demonstration of Raingauge 17 17

18 Example of Crop Planting Advice based on Rainfall Crops: Millet and Sorghum Crop Cycle: days 1 Avoid planting before 10 June, but proceed to make field preparations. 2 From 11 to 30 June, plant long-cycle crops (120 days) as soon as the 10- day cumulative recorded rainfall which reaches or surpasses 20 mm. 3 From 1 to 20 July, plant short-cycle crops (90 days) as soon as the 10-day cumulative recorded rainfall reaches or surpasses 10 mm. Due to the high spatial variability of rainfall, each farmer or village can make planting decisions based on their own raingauge. 18

19 Crop yields and farm incomes for farmers taking management decisions with and without agrometeorological information, in the season. Agriculture in Mali in Climate Risk Management in Africa: Learning from Practice. Hellmuth, M.E., Moorhead, A., Thomson, M.C., and Williams, J. (eds) 2007 IRI 19 19

20 Example from India - Weather based agro-advisories (Bulletins) AAS farmers received agro-advisories based on medium-range weather forecasts including optimum use of inputs for different farm operations. Timeliness of proper agro-advisories given for various farm operations might have saved the crops from possible moisture stress, nutritional stress and pest attack. non-aas farmers used the same quality of inputs, but their timing of applications was different from that of the AAS farmers. This timing did not lead to control of nutritional and water stress and pest attack with same efficiency, and ultimately lead to difference in crop yield. 20

21 Economic impact of AAS: Preliminary results Crop Station name % change in cost of Prod. (per acre) % change in crop yield (per acre) % change in profit (per acre) Cotton Rice Hissar Coimbatore Ludhiana Kalyani Wheat Ludhiana Mustard Hissar

22 WMO Projects in Agricultural Meteorology 22

23 METAGRI Project - Roving Seminars on Weather, Climate and Farmers in West Africa Phase I: 8-10 roving seminars were organized in Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal from Sep 2008 to Jan 2009 Phase II: 10 roving seminars in Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guineé, Guineé-Bissau, and Togo from July to Sept 2009 & 3 additional seminars in Phase I countries Phase III: Cote d Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone in 2011 Communications and Evaluation Seminar in September 2011 Over 100 Seminars conducted and >1000 farmers participated 23 23

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25 Benefits of WAMIS to Members WAMIS helps members to disseminate and improve their agro meteorological products. As a dedicated web server, it allows countries to place their existing agrometeorological bulletins and advisories on a near real-time basis. Provides tools and resources to help members improve the quality and presentation of their agrometeorological bulletins. Provides a central location for agrometeorological information so that members can quickly and easily evaluate the various bulletins. 25

26 Current Status As of July 2011, there are products and bulletins from 52 countries and organizations. Nearly 500,000 visits since the inception of the website in December 2003 and an average of about 15,000 visits are made per month. WAMIS mirror servers still maintained by Italian Institute of Biometeorology ( and by NCAM Republic of Korea ( 26

27 Currently about 15,000 visits per month 27

28 Agrometeorological Projects Rockefeller Foundation Grant for Training of Trainers on Weather and Climate Information and Products for Agricultural Extension Services in Ethiopia (Two years); Caribbean Agrometeorolgical Intiative (CAMI) funded by EU ACP (3 years); World Bank Project in Lake Victoria Region Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project (SWFDP) Agricultural and Fisheries 28

29 Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project (SWFDP) Improved Service Quality and Service Delivery Improved delivery and access to high quality weather, water, related environmental predictions, information, and services Reduced risks and potential impacts of hazards Strengthening Capacity Building Funding WMO, UK MET, World Bank 29 29

30 Cascading Forecasting Process Global Centers RSMC NMCs 30 Disaster Management Centres Lake Victoria Fishers Agriculture 30

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35 Summary SWFDP Project NWP can benefit agrometeorological applications in several aspects: Improving guidance to NMHS agromets (now - internal) Wave, wind, and severe weather forecasts over Lake Victoria Improving forecasting and advice to farming community (now bulletins) Directly using NWP output for agromet products (future) 35

36 Current Proposal - NEWSAM Potential Interaction with WAMIS project for disseminating information to users NWP output from SWFDP could be used with soil moisture and vegetation monitoring for integrated products 36

37 World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water Thank You WMO