38 th Alfalfa Symposium Annual Grass Control Strategies for Alfalfa UCD Alfalfa. Workgroup. Mick Canevari UCCE San Joaquin County
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1 38 th Alfalfa Symposium Annual Grass Control Strategies for Alfalfa Mick Canevari UCCE San Joaquin County
2 Topics Common grass weeds of alfalfa- know your grasses Strategies to control grasses in alfalfa Preview new herbicides
3 Grasses grow in winter and summer Grasses can be annuals or perennials Propagate by seeds, stolens, rhizomes Grasses can develop viable seeds in 30 days between cuttings Growing point is at the soil line Grasses will adapt to fit harvest and cultural conditions
4 I.D. Contest Can you name the grasses?
5 Name this grass? Name this grass?
6 Yellow/Green Foxtail Setaria Sp Bristly Foxtail
7 July
8 November
9 Name the grass? Name the grass?
10 Johnson Grass Johnson Grass
11 Johnson Grass Perennial Sorghum halepense
12 Name the grass? Name the grass?
13 Perennial Bermuda Grass Cynodon dactylon
14 Name the Grass? Name the Grass?
15 Echinochloa Sp
16 Summer Watergrass invasion
17 Name this Grass? Name this Grass?
18 Perennial Cyperus esculentus
19 Yellow/Purple Nutsedge Yellow/Purple Nutsedge
20 Other Problem Grasses of Alfalfa Hare Foxtail Barley Hordeum murinum Bluegrass Poa Quackgrass
21 Name the good grasses
22 Orchardgrass Ryegrass
23 Grasses are especially competitive on new plantings of alfalfa. Alfalfa stands decline at a much faster rate when grasses are uncontrolled. Some grass seeds pose health issues to horses. Grasses can accumulate high amounts of Nitrates
24 2008 Alfalfa Price Range Supreme > Good Fair Weedy/grassy Source USDA Market branch 11/08 grower $105
25 Herbicides that control grasses in alfalfa. Pre Emergent before germination 1. Prowl 2. Treflan 3. Eptam 4. Diuron 5. Solicam Post Emergent emerged & growing 1. Select Max 2. Poast 3. Raptor 4. Gramoxone
26 Temperature F Weed germination and herbicide timing in Alfalfa Prowl Gramoxone Chateau Karmex Solicam Winter Weeds Prowl Eptam Solicam Chateau Poast Select Raptor Summer Weeds Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June July Aug
27 <60 Barley, wild Barnyardgrass Bluegrass, Annual Brome, Ripgut Canarygrass Foxtail, yellow & green Oat, wild Ryegrass, Italian Wheat, volunteer Pursuit Raptor Poast Select Max
28 Selective Herbicides Poast, Select Max, Raptor
29 Soil moisture improves herbicide performance Poast Sprayed before irrigation Dry soil Sprayed after irrigation Moist soil
30 Soil moisture improves herbicide performance Select Max herbicide Sprayed before irrigation Sprayed after irrigation
31 Raptor Controls emerged grass weeds
32 Rate.030 lb/a 0 Control on different weed sizes 1 Purslane Treatment 8 days apart 10/ Wild Radish 1 leaf 3 leaf 3 leaf tiller Bluegrass Volunteer Wheat Raptor herbicide
33 <60 Barley, wild Barnyardgrass Bluegrass, Annual Brome, Ripgut Canarygrass Foxtail, yellow Oat, wild Ryegrass, Italian Wheat, volunteer Eptam Treflan Prowl Solicam 6 wk 2-4 mo 2-8 mo 1-3 mo
34 New Herbicide Options Prowl pendimethalin Chateau flumioxazin A broad spectrum pre emergence herbicides for control of broadleaves and grasses in alfalfa
35 A long standing pre emergent herbicide with a new use in alfalfa; excellent control of grasses, some broadleaf weeds and controls dodder. Applied in the winter dormant period (Dec to Feb) will successfully control many winter weeds while extending pre emergent activity into the summer months for grass control. Rates of 1 to 4 quarts/acre will dictate the length of grass control achieved. 2-8 months
36 Treatment January 12 Rate (lb ai acre) June 15 5 months August 16 7 months September 13 8 months Treflan 5G Treflan 5G Prowl 4EC Prowl 4Ec Velpar 90WP Karmex 80WP February 28 Alfalfa Grass Control Treflan 5G/Late Treflan 5G/Late Prowl 4EC/Late Prowl 4EC/Late /12/1986 Grass = Yellow foxtail
37 Prowl 4E 2+2(Sequential) % Yellow Foxtail Control Prowl 4E 2 Prowl 4E 3 Solicam 80DF 1 Solicam 2 Treflan(TR10) 2+2 Rating Dates 18-Jun Aug-88 Rates = lb ai/acre, Sequential = applied 2.0 lb 1/22/88 and 2 lb after first cutting 4/15/88. Weed Control = 0, none, 100 complete control
38 A new pre emergent herbicide for control of broadleaf weeds and some grasses applied during the winter dormant period. Control of common groundsel Will delay grass germination longer than Velpar but grass control less than Prowl or Treflan Can be used between harvest intervals for weed/ grass control but data is limited.
39 Gramoxone Chateau Velpar Chateau / Gramoxone
40 Treatment 3 Rate Lb ai/acre Necrosis 36 DAT Stunting 76DAT Annual Bluegrass Control 76 DAT Chateau Gramoxone Inteon Gramoxone Inteon + Chateau Gramoxone Inteon + Velpar % Alfalfa Injury
41 Chateau Gramoxone + Chateau Untreated
42 Chateau + surfactant burn between summer cuttings. 3 days
43 Strategies to control grass weeds in alfalfa Summary 1. A healthy growing stand of alfalfa is the best weed control option you have available 2. Avoid using nitrogen fertilizers in alfalfa especially if grass weeds are a problem 3. A taller harvest height of alfalfa will suppress grass germination 4. Extending the harvest interval (30-40) will slow grass invasions 5. Delay irrigations until alfalfa regrowth covers the soil surface. 6. Pre and post emergent herbicides are very effective when used early, good soils moisture before grasses take hold.
44 Good Luck in 2009 Good Luck in 2009
45 Grass Control with Raptor Herbicide % Control lb/a Canarygrass Italian rye Wild barley Ripgut brome *Downy brome * Intermountain site only, remainder from San Joaquin Valley
46 Raptor ,4-DB 0.75+Hasten+UN 32 Chateau 0.25+Prism 0.25+NIS Chateau 0.25+Velpar NIS Chateau 0.25+Gramoxone 0.46+NIS Gramoxone 0.46+Velpar 0.50+Karmex 1.0+NIS Gramoxone 0.46+NIS Chateau NIS 6.0 oz. Chateau 0.25+NIS 4.0 oz Chateau NIS 3.0 oz. Raptor Hasten+UN 32 Pursuit ,4-DB 0.75+Hasten+UN % Weeds % Alfalfa Untreated Lodi, Ca-2003
47
48
49 Raptor (0.047) Raptor (0.047) + Chateau (0.125) Raptor (0.047) + Chateau (0.188) Chateau (0.125) + Velpar (0.5) Velpar (0.5) Gramoxone Max (0.5) + Velpar (0.5) Check Gramoxone Max (0.5) Gramoxone Inteon (0.5) Gramoxone Inteon (0.5)+Chateau (... Gramoxone Inteon (0.5) + Chateau... Gramoxone Inteon (0.5) + Velpar (0.5) Chateau (0.25) Chateau (0.125) Chateau (0.188) Chateau (0.094) weeds (lbs/acre) (alfalfalbs/acre) Weeds Yield Alfalfa Yield
50 Grass weeds with single postemergence herbicide (lb ai per acre) Green = % Control, Orange = 79-65% Control, Red = <65% Control, White = no information Grassy Weeds Poast (0.375) Poast (0.5) Prism (0.1) Prism (0.25) Pursuit (0.03) Pursuit (0.094) Raptor (0.032) Raptor(0.047) Barley,wild (Hordeum leporinum) Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli) Bluegrass,annual (Poa annua) Brome,ripgut (Bromus rigidus) Canarygrass,hood (Phalaris minor) Crabgrass,large (Digitaria sanguinalis) Fescue,rattail (Vulpia myuroa) Foxtail,yellow (Setaria glauca) Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Lovegrass,tufted (Eragrostis pectinacea) Oat,wild (Avena fatua) Punagrass (Achnatherum brachychaetum) Ryegrass,Italian (Lolium multiflorum) Wheat,volunteer (Triticum aestivum)
51 Check Chateau.125
52
53 Lbs/Acre Chateau 3 oz Chateau 4 oz Chateau 6 oz Chateau 8 oz UTC TDN Chateau 3 oz Chateau 4 oz Chateau 6 oz Chateau 8 oz 0.25% NIS 1 Weeds removed Alfalfa 90% DM UTC
54
55 Yellow Foxtail Experiment: June 2001 Poast, Prism, Pursuit & Raptor herbicides Treatment timing #1. after bale removal (dry soil) #2. 3 days after irrigation.
56
57
58 Raptor Before irrig After irrig
59 Problematic because: Herbicides must be safe to both species Few herbicides are labeled for mixed alfalfa/grass stands
60 Three sites in Lassen and Siskiyou counties Herbicides were applied at two times: Fall Dormancy (November) after killing frost Spring green-up (late February) alfalfa: inch re-growth orchardgrass: inch re-growth Fall dormancy application Spring green-up application
61
62 GramoxoneMax 1.3 pt/a Pursuit 1.44 oz/a
63 Fall Sencor at 0.6 lb Spring Gramoxone at 1.3 pt
64 % Control Pqt +Treflan 2 Pqt+Prowl Pqt+Sol.5+3 Vel+Sol Rating Dates June 10,1985 August 7, 1985 COC = Agridex 1 qt/a. All Treatments Trf = Treflan 5G, Pqt = Paraquat 4E, Sol = Solicam 10G, Vel = Velpar 2E
65 Spring Sencor DF at 0.6 lb + Gramoxone Fall Sencor DF at 1 lb
66
67
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