Influence of evapotranspiration estimates on the water balance of sugarcane cropping system in the Hawaiian island of Maui
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1 Influence of evapotranspiration estimates on the water balance of sugarcane cropping system in the Hawaiian island of Maui Javier Osorio, Jaehak Jeong & Jeff Arnold Presented by: Allan Jones 2013 International SWAT Conference Paul Sabatier University Toulouse, FR July 17-19, 2013
2 Influence of evapotranspiration estimates on the water balance of sugarcane cropping system in the Hawaiian island of Maui Premise: Accurate estimation of ET provides insight to better determine crop water requirement to maximize crop yield and water use efficiency Deduction: By means of modeling, four methods to estimate ET were compared assess its influence on the hydrological water balance of the HC&S sugarcane cropping system Corollary: All methods within SWAT produced different ET predictions Wind velocity is the most influential factor over ET
3 Introduction ET primary mechanism for water removal ET critical role in assessment of water resources Direct measurement: Challenging Time consuming Costly ET is a function of: Soil moisture Plant type Stage of plant development Weather conditions PET driving function to calculate ET SWAT: Hargreaves, Priestley-Taylor& Penman-Monteith HC&S: Own method - Penman's based
4 The Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar (HC&S) Maui, HI 15,870 ha under cultivation Sugar yields: 27.4 tons/ha (2010) 20.8 tons/ha (2009) 21.3 tons/ha (2008) Water for irrigation: Surface sources (rainfall dependent) 16 deep brackish-water wells Irrigation: 760,000 m 3 a day Drip irrigation
5 Methods PET Methods: Priestley Taylor Penman Monteith Hargreaves HC&S-SWAT Model: SWAT Crop: Sugarcane (2-year cycle) Period: 3/25/2007 2/25/2009 Fields: 415 & 905 Soils DB: SSURGO NRCS DB Weather DB: 17 HC&S weather stations Precipitation Solar Radiation Temperature Wind velocity Relative humidity
6 Accumulated ET (mm) Sensitivity Analysis Accumulated ET values Field 415 Parameters: EPCO and ESCO Period: 7/22/2011 9/30/2012 EPCO: Plant uptake compensation factor ESCO: Soil evaporation compensation factor Simulated ET = mm (EPCO = 1 & ESCO = 0.5)
7 Calibration Sugarcane Yield Field 415 Summer crop Field 905 Winter crop Leaf area index (LAI) compared to Winter crop coefficient (Kc) curve
8 Sugarcane Yield Comparison PREDICTED OBSERVED FIELD BLOCK PLOT HRU YLD (t/ha) YLD 2011 (t/ha) MIN MAX
9 Study fields FIELD 905 BLOCK 1 PLOT 1 SUB 129 HRU 532 FIELD 415 BLOCK 2 PLOT 2 SUB 33 HRU 122
10 Weather variables Solar radiation (MJ/m 2 ) Wind velocity (m/s) Field 905 Field 415 Average temperature ( C) Relative humidity (%)
11 Potential ET Field 415 Summer crop Field 905 Winter crop Priestley Taylor Penman Monteith Hargreaves HC&S-SWAT
12 Accumulated PET Field 415 Summer crop Field 905 Winter crop Priestley Taylor Penman Monteith Hargreaves HC&S-SWAT
13 Actual ET Field 415 Summer crop Field 905 Winter crop Priestley Taylor Penman Monteith Hargreaves HC&S-SWAT
14 Accumulated ET Field 415 Summer crop Field 905 Winter crop Priestley Taylor Penman Monteith Hargreaves HC&S-SWAT
15 Water Balance Runoff Evaporation Lateral Flow Percolation
16 Water Balance Field 415 Summer crop Component PRIESTLEY - TAYLOR PENMAN - MONTEITH HARGREAVES HC&S & SWAT Total Water Inflow SOIL WATER CONTENT Soil Water Content Precipitation Irrigation Total Water Outflow Runoff Evapotranspiration Lateral flow Percolation Results of the 2-year crop period
17 Final remarks Regardless the method, water availability limits ET Plant grow (tissue damage, no transpiration) Evaporation (nothing to evaporate) Mechanism to pull water from deeper soil horizons Wind velocity the most factor influences HC&S Always higher PET and ET Higher field less windy: Priestly-Taylor lowest PET Hargreaves: Higher PET during summer Penman-Monteith: Higher PET during winter Lower field windier: Hargreaves: Lowest PET during Penman-Monteith: Close PET to HC&S during winter, bigger differences in summer Bigger difference between methods that use or not wind velocity Penman-Monteith seems to represent better island conditions of HC&S
18 Merci 2013 International SWAT Conference Paul Sabatier University Toulouse, FR July 17-19, 2013
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