WEED CONTROL IN TOMATOES RESEARCH RESULTS 2010 PREPARED BY DARREN ROBINSON, UNIV. GUELPH, RIDGETOWN CAMPUS FOR THE ONTARIO TOMATO RESEARCH INSTITUTE

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1 WEED CONTROL IN TOMATOES RESEARCH RESULTS 2010 PREPARED BY DARREN ROBINSON, UNIV. GUELPH, RIDGETOWN CAMPUS FOR THE ONTARIO TOMATO RESEARCH INSTITUTE NOVEMBER 2, 2010

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY WEED CONTROL IN TOMATOES (2010) BY: DARREN ROBINSON, RIDGETOWN CAMPUS, UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH Effect of Hail Damage on Tolerance of Tomato to Herbicides This trial was established to assess tolerance of transplanted tomato to combinations of simulated hail damage and various postemergence herbicides (Pinnacle, Sencor and Prism), to determine whether these cumulative stresses reduce yield more than each stress individually. The combination of hail damage plus Sencor caused more injury, and reduced dry weight and yield more than hail alone, hail plus Pinnacle or hail plus Prism. There is evidence of a cumulative effect of hail damage and a high rate of Sencor (200 g/ac). Tolerance of Processing Tomato Varieties to Pinnacle This trial was established to determine the tolerance of several processing tomato varieties to Pinnacle (thifensulfuron-methyl) applied 28 days after transplanting (DAT) at a rate of 6.4 g/ac. H2401, H1013, H1014, H1016, H1018 and H1019 were injured by Pinnacle applied at 6.4 g/ac. The delay in flowering ranged from 7 days in H1013 to 13 days in H2401 and H1014. At first harvest, red yield was less and green yield was greater in the Pinnacle treatment than in the untreated check for H2401, H1014, H1016, H1018 and H1018, as a result of the delay in maturity caused by Pinnacle. For each variety with delayed maturity, a second harvest was done to determine if the plants would compensate for the delay in all cases, when harvest was done the number of days later equal to the delay in flowering, marketable yield was the same as in the untreated check. Though Pinnacle delayed maturity of H9553, red yield and green yield were not different than the untreated check. However, the second harvest did result in an additional 4 T/AC of marketable yield. Visual injury was not observed in H9909. Red yields were not reduced, and maturity was not delayed by Pinnacle application. Herbicide-Fungicide Tank-Mix Interactions in Tomato This study was established to determine whether Kocide 2000, Cabrio or Quadris increased injury to tomato or reduced weed control of Excel Super, Venture L, or Poast Ultra.The addition of Kocide, Cabrio or Quadris to Excel Super, Venture L or Poast Ultra did not reduce grass control. Crop injury and yield were not less than those treatments where herbicides were applied alone. Herbicide-Insecticide Tank-Mix Interactions in Tomato This study was established to determine whether Admire or Matador increased injury to tomato or reduced weed control of Excel Super, Venture L, or Poast Ultra. The addition of Admire or Matador to Excel Super, Venture L or Poast Ultra did not reduce grass control. Crop injury and yield were not less than those treatments where herbicides were applied alone. Tolerance of Tomato to Kixor, Sulfentrazone, Valtera and Reflex Kixor, sulfentrazone, Valtera or Reflex were applied PRE to tomatoes to determine tolerance at rates used in soybean. Kixor, sulfentrazone and Valtera caused significant injury, stand mortality and yield loss, while tomato was tolerant to Reflex applied prior to transplanting. Page 1

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Purpose Of This Report This report is provided as a guide to the 2010 tomato weed control research control plots. The experiments outlined in this booklet are located at the Ridgetown Campus of the University of Guelph. We appreciate the funding, cooperation and assistance provided by the Ontario Tomato Research Institute (tomato growers and processing companies). As well, we would like to thank the chemical companies and their representatives, agextension personnel, and other research scientists for their ideas, plant material and herbicide samples that were used in these trials. Funding for the 2010 research program was provided by: Ontario Tomato Research Institute Agchemical Companies Ontario Food Processors Association Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Technical Assistants Research Technician Kristen McNaughton Research Assistants Christy Sikkema Kyle Vink We trust that the information provided by this research will further the science of weed control by assisting with the registration of herbicides through the minor use system. We also hope this information will be of use in the extension of proper herbicide recommendations, thereby enabling growers to achieve consistent, broad spectrum weed control with a minimum of crop damage. D.E. Robinson Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph Ridgetown, Ontario N0P 2C0 (519) drobinso@ridgetownc.uogelph.ca Page 2

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS # TRIAL NAME PAGE 1. Effect of Hail Damage on Tolerance of Tomato to Herbicides 4 2. Tolerance of Processing Tomato Varieties to Pinnacle 7 3. Herbicide-Fungicide Tank-Mix Interactions in Tomato Herbicide-Insecticide Tank-Mix Interactions in Tomato Tolerance of Tomato to Preemergence Herbicides 17 Page 3

5 Trial 1: Effect of Hail Damage on Tolerance of Tomato to Herbicides Objective: Determine the effect of cumulative stress caused by hail damage and a POST application of Pinnacle, Sencor or Prism, with and without an application of Bravo. Materials & Methods: Crop: Tomato Variety: H9909 Planting date: May 26 Planting rate: plants/ac Depth: 5 cm Row spacing: 1.5m Plant spacing: 45 cm Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 1.5m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Field Preparation: Field was worked with an S-tine cultivator and fertilizer was applied at 150 kg N/ha on May 17. Applied Dual II Magnum (0.5 L/ac) and Sencor (200 ml/ac) prior to transplanting on May 25, to keep the trial area weed free. Soil Description: Sand: 51% OM: 5.5% Texture: Loam Silt: 29% ph: 6.7 Soil: Watford/Brady Clay: 20% CEC 21 Application Information: A APPLICATION DATE JUN 17 TIME OF DAY 6:45AM TIMING POST AIR TEMP (c) 18 RH (%) 87 WIND SPEED (KPH) 5 SOIL TEMP (c) 22 CLOUD COVER (%) 100 CROP STAGE 9-10LF HAIL INJURY WAS SIMULATED ON JUN 16. Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Pressure: 207 KPA (30 PSI) Nozzle Type: Air Induction Nozzle Size: ULD Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm (20 ) Boom Width: 1.5 m (60 ) Spray Volume: 200 L/ha (20 GAL/AC) Page 4

6 Table 1.1. Effect of hail damage, herbicide treatment and fungicide (Bravo) on tomato visual percent caused by hail and herbicide 7 days after application. HAIL HERBICIDE FUNGICIDE? PERCENT INJURY Y/N Y/N HAIL HERBICIDE N UNTREATED N 0D 0E Y UNTREATED N 46BC 0E Y PINNACLE N 40C 3DE Y PINNACLE Y 42BC 5CD Y SENCOR N 54A 26A Y SENCOR Y 48ABC 23AB Y PRISM N 50AB 6CD Y PRISM Y 45BC 2FG N PINNACLE N 0D 9C N PINNACLE Y 0D 9C N SENCOR N 0D 18B N SENCOR Y 0D 20B N PRISM N 0D 1DE N PRISM Y 0D 1DE LSD (P <0.05) 8 4 Note: Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, LSD). Page 5

7 Table 1.2. Effect of hail damage, herbicide treatment and fungicide (Bravo) on tomato plant dry weight and yield. HAIL HERBICIDE FUNGICIDE? DRY WT YIELD Y/N Y/N G/ 4PLANT T/AC N UNTREATED N 83A 35A Y UNTREATED N 57B-E 33A Y PINNACLE N 56B-E 32AB Y PINNACLE Y 52CDE 36A Y SENCOR N 44E 27B Y SENCOR Y 45E 28B Y PRISM N 56B-E 32AB Y PRISM Y 60BCD 36A N PINNACLE N 76AB 32AB N PINNACLE Y 70A-D 37A N SENCOR N 73ABC 37A N SENCOR Y 70A-D 36A N PRISM N 80A 33A N PRISM Y 83A 34A LSD (P <0.05) 24 4 Note: Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, LSD). Conclusions: This trial was established to assess tolerance of transplanted tomato to combinations of simulated hail damage and various postemergence herbicides (Pinnacle, Sencor and Prism), to determine whether these cumulative stresses reduce yield more than each stress individually. The combination of hail damage plus Sencor caused more injury, and reduced dry weight and yield more than hail alone, hail plus Pinnacle or hail plus Prism. There is evidence of a cumulative effect of hail damage and a high rate of Sencor (200 g/ac). Page 6

8 Trial 2: Tolerance of Processing Tomato Varieties to Pinnacle Objective: Determine the tolerance of several tomato varieties to Pinnacle. Materials & Methods: Crop: Tomato Variety: various Planting date: May 26 Planting rate: plants/ac Depth: 5 cm Row spacing: 1.5m Plant spacing: 45 cm Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 1.5m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Field Preparation: Field was worked with an S-tine cultivator and fertilizer was applied at 150 kg N/ha on May 17. Applied Dual II Magnum (0.5 L/ac) and Sencor (200 ml/ac) prior to transplanting on May 25, to keep the trial area weed free. Soil Description: Sand: 51% OM: 5.5% Texture: Loam Silt: 29% ph: 6.7 Soil: Watford/Brady Clay: 20% CEC 21 Application Information: A APPLICATION DATE JUN 22 TIME OF DAY 9:30AM TIMING 28DAT AIR TEMP (c) 24 RH (%) 85 WIND SPEED (KPH) 6 SOIL TEMP (c) 26 CLOUD COVER (%) 100 CROP STAGE LF (SOME PLANTS WERE IN BLOOM) Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Pressure: 207 KPA (30 PSI) Nozzle Type: Air Induction Nozzle Size: ULD Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm (20 ) Boom Width: 1.5 m (60 ) Spray Volume: 200 L/ha (20 GAL/AC) Page 7

9 Table 2.1. Effect of tomato variety and time of Pinnacle (6.4 G/AC) application on percent injury in tomatoes 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment, and length of delay to 50% flowering. Variety PERCENT INJURY DELAY TO 50% 7D 14D 28D FLOWER (DAYS) H9553 6D 5C 0C 6C H B 48A 20A 13A H C 15B 9B 7C H A 48A 22A 13A H A 55A 20A 8BC H B 53A 20A 9B H C 55A 20A 10B H9909 2D 0D 0C 0D LSD (P <0.05) Table 2.2. Effect of tomato variety and time of Pinnacle (6.4 G/AC) application on red and green yield. Harvests were done at two times to determine total marketable yield for those varieties with delayed maturity. Variety PINNACLE HARVEST 1 HARVEST 2 RATE (G/AC) RED GRN RED GRN H9553* 0 40A 5B A 9B 44A 5B H2401* 0 28A 6B B 20A 30A 3B H1013 * 0 30A 3B A 7B 37A 3B H1014 * 0 32A 3B 6.4 8B 25A 35A 3B H1016* 0 31A 3B B 17A 36A 4B H1018 * 0 32A 2B B 16A 30A 5B H1019 * 0 34A 3B B 15A 32A 4B H A 4B A 9B ND ND LSD (P <0.05) 8 4 Note: ND no delay caused by Pinnacle, so a second harvest wasn t necessary. Page 8

10 Conclusions: This trial was established to determine the tolerance of six processing tomato varieties to Pinnacle (thifensulfuron-methyl) applied 28 days after transplanting (DAT) at a rate of 6.4 g/ac. H2401, H1013, H1014, H1016, H1018 and H1019 were injured by Pinnacle applied at 6.4 g/ac. The delay in flowering ranged from 7 days in H1013 to 13 days in H2401 and H1014. At first harvest, red yield was less and green yield was greater in the Pinnacle treatment than in the untreated check for H2401, H1014, H1016, H1018 and H1018, as a result of the delay in maturity caused by Pinnacle. For each variety with delayed maturity, a second harvest was done to determine if the plants would compensate for the delay in all cases, when harvest was done the number of days later equal to the delay in flowering, marketable yield was the same as in the untreated check. Though Pinnacle delayed maturity of H9553, red yield and green yield were not different than the untreated check. However, the second harvest did result in an additional 4 T/AC of marketable yield. Visual injury was not observed in H9909. Red yields were not reduced, and maturity was not delayed by Pinnacle application. Page 9

11 Trial 3: Herbicide-Fungicide Tank-Mix Interactions in Tomato Objective: Determine whether Kocide 2000, Cabrio or Quadris increase injury to tomato or reduce weed control of Excel Super, Venture L, or Poast Ultra. Materials & Methods: Crop: Tomato Variety: H9909 Planting date: May 26 Planting rate: plants/ac Depth: 5 cm Row spacing: 1.5m Plant spacing: 45 cm Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 1.5m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Field Preparation: Field was worked with an S-tine cultivator and fertilizer was applied at 150 kg N/ha on May 17. Applied Dual II Magnum (0.5 L/ac) and Sencor (200 ml/ac) prior to transplanting on May 25, to keep the trial area weed free. Soil Description: Sand: 51% OM: 5.5% Texture: Loam Silt: 29% ph: 6.7 Soil: Watford/Brady Clay: 20% CEC 21 Application Information: A APPLICATION DATE JUN 21 TIME OF DAY 6:30AM TIMING POST AIR TEMP (c) 24 RH (%) 58 WIND SPEED (KPH) 2 SOIL TEMP (c) 28 CLOUD COVER (%) 0 CROP STAGE 10-11LF Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Pressure: 207 KPA (30 PSI) Nozzle Type: Air Induction Nozzle Size: ULD Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm (20 ) Boom Width: 1.5 m (60 ) Spray Volume: 200 L/ha (20 GAL/AC) Page 10

12 Table 3.1. Effect of grass herbicide and fungicide tank mix treatments on control of barnyardgrass (ECHCG) and green foxtail (SETVI) 28 and 56 days after treatment. TREATMENT RATE ECHCG SETVI ML/AC 28D 56D 28D 56D UNTREATED 0D 0D 0E 0D EXCEL SUPER AB 100A 84A-D 91AB VENTURE L A 100A 94A 93A POAST ULTRA A 100A 94A 100A MERGE 2000 EXCEL SUPER A 95A 81A-D 84AB KOCIDE KG VENTURE L A 96A 90ABC 88AB KOCIDE KG POAST ULTRA A 100A 92AB 98A MERGE 2000 KOCIDE KG EXCEL SUPER A 100A 88A-D 89AB CABRIO 340 VENTURE L A 100A 95A 93A CABRIO 340 POAST ULTRA A 100A 95A 100A MERGE 2000 CABRIO 340 EXCEL SUPER AB 93A 80AB 81AB QUADRIS 200 VENTURE L A 94A 78A-D 83AB QUADRIS 200 POAST ULTRA A 94A 95A 91A MERGE 2000 QUADRIS 200 LSD (P <0.05) Note: Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, LSD). Page 11

13 Table 3.2. Effect of grass herbicide and fungicide tank mix treatments on tomato injury at 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment. TREATMENT VISUAL INJURY YIELD 7D 14D 28D (T/AC) UNTREATED 0A 0A 0A 38A EXCEL SUPER 0A 1A 0A 40A VENTURE L 0A 0A 0A 41A POAST ULTRA 0A 0A 0A 44A MERGE EXCEL SUPER 0A 0A 0A 42A KOCIDE 2000 VENTURE L 0A 1A 0A 37A KOCIDE 2000 POAST ULTRA 0A 0A 0A 42A MERGE KOCIDE 2000 EXCEL SUPER 1A 1A 0A 46A CABRIO VENTURE L 1A 0A 0A 44A CABRIO POAST ULTRA 1A 1A 0A 38A MERGE CABRIO EXCEL SUPER 0A 0A 0A 39A QUADRIS VENTURE L 0A 0A 0A 43A QUADRIS POAST ULTRA 1A 2A 0A 40 MERGE QUADRIS LSD (P <0.05) NS NS NS NS Note: Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, LSD). Conclusions: The addition of Kocide, Cabrio or Quadris to Excel Super, Venture L or Poast Ultra did not reduce grass control. Crop injury and yield were not less than those treatments where herbicides were applied alone. Page 12

14 Trial 4: Herbicide-Insecticide Tank-Mix Interactions in Tomato Objective: Determine whether Admire or? increase injury to tomato or reduce weed control of Excel Super, Venture L, or Poast Ultra. Materials & Methods: Crop: Tomato Variety: H9909 Planting date: May 26 Planting rate: plants/ac Depth: 5 cm Row spacing: 1.5m Plant spacing: 45 cm Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 1.5m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Field Preparation: Field was worked with an S-tine cultivator and fertilizer was applied at 150 kg N/ha on May 17. Applied Dual II Magnum (0.5 L/ac) and Sencor (200 ml/ac) prior to transplanting on May 25, to keep the trial area weed free. Soil Description: Sand: 51% OM: 5.5% Texture: Loam Silt: 29% ph: 6.7 Soil: Watford/Brady Clay: 20% CEC 21 Application Information: A APPLICATION DATE JUN 21 TIME OF DAY 6:30AM TIMING POST AIR TEMP (c) 24 RH (%) 58 WIND SPEED (KPH) 2 SOIL TEMP (c) 28 CLOUD COVER (%) 0 CROP STAGE 10-11LF Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Pressure: 207 KPA (30 PSI) Nozzle Type: Air Induction Nozzle Size: ULD Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm (20 ) Boom Width: 1.5 m (60 ) Spray Volume: 200 L/ha (20 GAL/AC) Page 13

15 Table 4.1. Effect of grass herbicide and fungicide tank mix treatments on control of barnyardgrass (ECHCG) and green foxtail (SETVI) 28 and 56 days after treatment. TREATMENT RATE ECHCG SETVI ML/AC 28D 56D 28D 56D WEEDY CHECK 0B 0C 0B 0D WEED-FREE CHECK 100A 100A 100A 100A POAST ULTRA A 100A 100A 100A MERGE 2000 EXCEL SUPER A 100A 96A 90C VENTURE L A 96A 98A 90C POAST ULTRA A 100A 100A 100A MERGE 2000 ADMIRE 520 POAST ULTRA A 100A 100A 100A MERGE 2000 MATADOR 33 EXCEL SUPER A 72B 92A 92ABC ADMIRE 520 EXCEL SUPER A 93A 100A 91BC MATADOR 33 VENTURE L A 100A 100A 95ABC ADMIRE 520 VENTURE L A 99A 95A 93ABC MATADOR 33 LSD (P <0.05) Note: Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, LSD). Page 14

16 Table 4.2. Effect of grass herbicide and fungicide tank mix treatments on tomato injury at 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment. TREATMENT VISUAL INJURY YIELD 7D 14D 28D (T/AC) WEEDY CHECK 0B 0A 0A 28B WEED-FREE CHECK 0B 0A 0A 37A POAST ULTRA 0B 0A 0A 38A MERGE EXCEL SUPER 1B 1A 0A 35A VENTURE L 1B 0A 0A 39A POAST ULTRA 1B 1A 0A 39A MERGE ADMIRE POAST ULTRA 3A 2A 0A 35A MATADOR EXCEL SUPER 1B 0A 0A 41A ADMIRE EXCEL SUPER 0B 0A 0A 38A MATADOR VENTURE L 1B 0A 0A 40A ADMIRE VENTURE L 0B 0A 0A 40A MATADOR LSD (P <0.05) Note: Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, LSD). Conclusions: The addition of Admire or Matador to Excel Super, Venture L or Poast Ultra did not reduce grass control. Crop injury and yield were not less than those treatments where herbicides were applied alone. Page 15

17 Trial 5: Tolerance of Tomatoes to Preemergence Herbicides Objectives: 1. Determine the efficacy and tolerance of tomato to Reflex, Kixor, Valtera and sulfentrazone applied PRE-T. Materials & Methods: Crop: Tomato Variety: H9909 Planting date: May 26 Planting rate: plants/ha Depth: 5 cm Row spacing: 1.5m Plant spacing: 45 cm Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 1.5m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Field Preparation: Field was worked with an S-tine cultivator and fertilizer was applied at 150 kg N/ha on May 17. Soil Description: Sand: 51% OM: 5.5% Texture: Loam Silt: 29% ph: 6.7 Soil: Watford/Brady Clay: 20% CEC 21 Application Information: A APPLICATION DATE MAY 25 TIME OF DAY 6:30AM TIMING PRE-T AIR TEMP (c) 7 RH (%) 98 WIND SPEED (KPH) 8 SOIL TEMP (c) 9 CLOUD COVER (%) 100 CROP STAGE PRE Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Pressure: 207 KPA (30 PSI) Nozzle Type: Air Induction Nozzle Size: ULD Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm (20 ) Boom Width: 1.5 m (60 ) Spray Volume: 200 L/ha (20 GAL/AC) Page 16

18 Table 5.1. Effect of herbicide treatment on tomato visual injury 7, 14 and 28 days after planting, plant dry weight 28 days after planting, and yield. HERBICIDE RATE VISUAL INJURY DRY WT YIELD 7D 14D 28D G T/AC 1. Check (WEEDFREE) 0B 0B 0B 35A 23.9A 2. REFLEX 400 ML/AC 0B 2B 1B 43A 23.0A 3. REFLEX 800 ML/AC 0B 2B 2B 39A 23.0A 4. KIXOR 25 gai/ha 5AB 5B 6B 37A 22.6AB 5. KIXOR 50 GA/HA 8A 18A 23A 22B 17.2BC 6. VALTERA 42 G/AC 0B 0B 30A 20B 18.1BC 7. VALTERA 84 G/AC 0B 0B 44A 16B 16.8C 8. SULFENTRAZONE 67 G/AC 2B 4B 8B 35A 16.4C 9. SULFENTRAZONE 135 G/AC 3B 11AB 28A 20B 15.1C LSD (P <0.05) Note: Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P=0.05, LSD). Conclusions: This trial was established to determine tolerance of transplanted tomato to pretransplant applications of Kixor, sulfentrazone, Valtera or Reflex to determine tolerance at rates used in soybean. Kixor, sulfentrazone and Valtera caused significant injury, stand mortality and yield loss, while tomato was tolerant to Reflex applied prior to transplanting. Page 17