Climate-smart dairy systems in East Africa
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1 Climate-smart dairy systems in East Africa R4D in support of IFAD loan programs Birthe Paul (CIAT) An Notenbaert (CIAT) Mupenzi Mutimura (RAB) Technical launch of the Rwanda Dairy Development Project (RDDP) 27th of March 2017, Kigali, Rwanda
2 Presentation outline 1. Background & justification 2. IFAD R4D grant overview 3. A glimpse of the science behind
3 Africa s livestock revolution, and environmental trade-offs The opportunities 1.3 billion people employed, 600 million of them poor Value > 1.4 trillion USD, 40% of global agricultural GDP Food for at least 830 million food insecure people, 33% of protein consumption 60% of global cropping area receives manure application The trade-offs Produce 14 to 18% of global GHG Feed production uses 33% of global crop land Takes 32% of global water consumption Until 2050, the demand for meat, milk, eggs is likely to double in SSA (FAO 2009) dairy development could benefit 24 million people in East Africa Environmental trade-offs call for climate-smart and resource-efficient livestock production
4 Feed as a main constraint to dairy production Photo by ILRI Main production constraint is sufficient quantity and quality of feeds on a consistent basis and it is the major production cost Photos by ILRI
5 methane - kg CO2 / kg protein produced Improved feeding as entry-point for climate-smart dairy developed developing BRICS Herrero et al metabolisable energy (MJ/kg DM) The better we feed cows, the less methane from enteric fermentation -> lower emissions per kg of milk they produce
6 Climate-smart dairy systems in East Africa through improved forages and feeding strategies: enhancing productivity and adaptive capacity while mitigating GHG emissions 2 million USD/4 years (+ 1 million co-financing) Rwanda and Tanzania CIAT, ILRI, RAB, TALIRI, CSIRO Outputs 1. Assess opportunities to increase productivity and NR efficiency of crop-livestock systems at multiple scales 2. Design context-specific forage options for productivity, environmental and adoptability considerations 3. Assess multi-dimensional trade-offs of forage-based crop-livestock interventions a) Ex-situ (ILRI) b) In-situ (CIAT, RAB) 4. Support scaling by IFAD investment projects and other development partners
7 Niches for additional forage growing in Rwanda Marshy areas Woodlots/planta tions Banana intercropping Farm boundaries Soil erosion structures Road sides RAB grows 88 forage legume and 31 grass varieties/accessions at Karama research station Gap between available and required area for growing feed -> niches for improved forages needed Fodder plots Drier areas Umunezero O; Mwendia S; Paul BK; Maass BL; Ebong C; Kagabo D; Musana B; Muhutu JC; Mutimura M; Hirwa CA; Shumbusho F; Nyiransengimana E; Mukuralinda A; Notenbaert A Identifying and characterizing areas for potential forage production in Rwanda. CIAT Working Paper No Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, 16 p.
8 Potential impacts and trade-offs of policies in Rwanda GHGe increase Propoor Only small GHG increase B.K. Paul, R. Frelat, C. Birnholz, C. Ebong, A. Gahigi, J.C.J. Groot, M. Herrero, D. Kagabo, A. Notenbaert, B. Vanlauwe, M. van Wijk (2017). Potential impact of crop and livestock intensification policies on household food availability and greenhouse gas emissions in different agro-ecological regions of Rwanda. Agricultural Systems.
9 In-situ greenhouse gas measurements with closed chamber method Improving emission factors and model parameterization eg IPCC, GLEAM, EXACT, Ruminant For example: Sommer, R., Mukalama, J., Kihara, J., Koala, S., Winowiecki, L., Bossio, D. (2016). Nitrogen dynamics and nitrous oxide emissions in a long-term trial on integrated soil fertility management in Western Kenya. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.
10 GHG monitoring for program and policy support Rwanda s national strategy on Green Growth and Climate Resilience Rwanda s National Strategy for Climate Change and Low Carbon Development Strategy NDC for Rwanda -> improved quantitative reporting to IPCC Many organizations/investors interested in climate impact of their programs including IFAD, Send a Cow Assist in arguing for increased investment from Green Climate Fund Carbon trading?
11 Thank you All pictures taken by An Notenbaert, Georgina Smith, Stephanie Malyon (CIAT)
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