UNECE experts group on agriculture

Transcription

1 Joint Meeting of UNECE experts group on agriculture Paris, June 2003 Spanish contribution

2 Content - Background / the IPPC directive - Spanish approach to the whole process - Ongoing projects

3 Livestock Background - Water emissions already regulated - Previous regulations on ammonia emissions not very well adapted Implementation of IPPC should be conducted and supported by the Ministry to: - Support the government technicians - Help the farmers to get used with the new regulatory requirements

4 The IPPC Directive Associated environmental issues Emissions to the air (ammonia, dust) Emissions to soil and groundwater (nitrogen, phosphorus, metals) Emissions to surface water Emissions of waste other than manure and carcasses Use of energy and water

5 The IPPC Directive. Chapter 5 Best Available Techniques (BAT) are defined Best : Most effective way in achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as a whole Available : Developed on a scale that allows implementation in the industrial sector under economically and technically viable conditions

6 The IPPC Directive. Chapter 5 (II) Different ones can be chosen (as described in the directive) but high efficiency, simple and easily integrated BAT on production process will be promoted

7 BAT for relevant farm activities 1. Good agricultural practises 2. Feeding strategies 3. Housing systems 4. Manure storage 5. On-farm manure processing 6. Land spreading of manure

8 Spanish approach Ammonia abatement should be understood as a must in the whole chain of production to achieve the maximum overall efficiency (kg NH 3 abated) trying to adapt to local (spanish) conditions

9 Spanish approach (II) The better the integration on farm routines of the BAT is developed the bigger success on its implementation it is expected

10 Support Good Agricultural Practises - Large agricultural areas - Low density of population (even in high density pig production areas) - Low % of organic matter in the soils (± 1) - Manure as fertilizer should be promoted - On-farm treatment as second choice

11 BAT for Good Agricultural Practises (promote the culture) Education and training programs Keep records Feed Water Energy Field applications of fertilizers manure

12 BAT for Good Agricultural Avoid flooded, frozen or snow covered soils Steeply sloping fields or adjacent to watercourses Promote sufficient storage capacity (4-6 months) Practises (II)

13 BAT for feeding strategies Well documented topic Aim: Matching feeds more closely to requirements at different production stages to decrease N output through a lower input and a higher retention

14 Consumption, utilization and losses of protein in the production of pig of 108 kg Feed 8.7 kg 100 % Protein in pig issues 2.9 kg 33 % Urine 4.4 kg 51 % Faeces 1.4 kg 16 % Manure 5.8 Kg 67 % Ammonia emission in the air 3.0 kg 35 % Manure spread on the soil 2.8 kg 32 %

15 Decreasing N input Pollution is reduced from source Phase feeding with lower crude protein content Optimal aminoacid supply (feedstuffs & synthetic aminoacids)

16 Low protein diets in pigs Summary Environmental benefits Effect of 1 point CP reduction Maximal Effect Total Nitrogen excretion % - 50 % Ammonia in the slurry - 11 % - 50 % Ammonia in the air % - 60 % Slurry Volume -3-5 % - 30 %

17 Spanish conditions Very effective Easy to promote No effect on pig performance Cost? Besides of this A 5% increase in cereals means 1% decrease in protein (peas and oil seeds) thus.. A 10 % in ammonia emissions should be achieved for every 5% of cereals increase (Gâtel, 2003)

18 BAT for housing systems Principles are based on: Reducing emitting surfaces Removing frequently Cooling surface Smooth surfaces (easy to clean)

19 Spanish approach Promote it to new enlarged farms making it comprehensible for the farmers : Avoiding slurry pools under the slats Avoiding emissions Getting lower ventilation expenses

20 BAT for manure storage Usage of trustable tanks / lagoons Double valves Stirring only before emptying Covered Roof, tent, natural crust Floating cover (chopped straw) Increase of others (CH 4?)

21 BAT for manure storage

22 BAT of on-farm manure processing Mechanical separation of the solid fraction Anaerobic / aerobic treatment of the effluent Only when not enough land for GAP is available

23 BAT of landspreading of manure Avoid conventional spreader Incorporation within the first 4-24 h Injection to the soil more difficult in Spain

24 Ongoing projects MAPA 3-year project to: Year 1(2003) Develop a technical guide for IPPC implementation Described BAT review. Selection. On-farm gas monitoring techniques review. Selection. Year 2-3 Assessment of selected BAT and gas monitoring techniques under farm conditions

25 Manure additives Effects described on the label: Reduce the emission of several gaseous compounds Reduction of unpleasant odours Change the physical properties Increasing the fertilising value of the manure Stabilisation of pathogens and parasites

26 Manure Additives Only some types are interesting Adsorbers Urease inhibitors Biological agents Acidifiers? (raw materials?) Alone or in combination Masking, deodorants, oxidising, flocculants and disinfectants has no interest for this directive

27 Achieved environmental benefits and costs Easy to promote and use under many different circumstances Better management and later use trough a more homogeneous manure Easier calculation of dosing for landspreading Lesser water use (easier cleaning) Lesser energy use (lower time for cleaning) Decrease in ammonia (odour?) emission per pig

28 Manure additives. Preliminary results 80 n Mean SD SE 95% CI of Mean Median IQR 95% CI of Median Testigo (TO) ,212 11,0749 1, ,058 to 47,365 47,000 17,750 42,000 to 48,000 Con alginato(t1) ,702 3,5304 0, ,015 to 12,388 12,000 6,000 10,000 to 13, Niveles de Amoniaco en cebo (Manzanares) Testigo (TO) Con alginato(t1) Testigo (TO) Con alginato(t1) Tukey Contrast Difference 95% CI on alginato(t1) v Testigo (TO) -33,510-35,757 to -31,262 (significant) sem nº 8 sem nº 8 sem nº 8 sem nº 9 sem nº 9 sem nº 9 sem nº 10 sem nº 10 sem nº 11 sem nº 11 sem nº 11 sem nº 12 sem nº 12 sem nº 12 sem nº 15 sem nº 15 sem nº 16 sem nº 16 sem nº 16 sem nº 18 sem nº 18 sem nº 18 sem nº 19 sem nº 19 sem nº 20 sem nº 20 sem nº 20 sem nº 21 sem nº 21 sem nº 21 sem nº 22 sem nº 22 sem nº 23 sem nº 23 sem nº 23 ppm NH3

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