Research Activities on Bio-Ethanol Production from Biomass in Vietnam

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1 Asian Science and Technology Seminar (ASTS) Research Activities on Bio-Ethanol Production from Biomass in Vietnam Tran Dinh Man, Lai Thuy Hien,, Doan Thai Hoa Institute of Biotechnology, VAST, Hanoi-Vietnam Jakarta, 2007

2 Production of alcohol of Vietnam in 2005 Area Output, mill.liter/year - Eastern and Western North Red river delta North Central Central and Highland HoChiMinh city and Eastern South provinces Mekong River delta Total 76.63

3 INTRODUCTION In Vietnam, the ethanol production from rice and traditional yeast cake has been used for more than hundreds years. Ethanol was only used for drinking. Seeking alternative sources to fossil fuel is an interest topic for Vietnamese Government towards sustainable development. National Energy Development Program puts emphasis on: "Strengthen R & D for new types of energy, in which attention was paid on sunlight, wind energy and especially the renewable energy (biomass)".

4 The Main Alcohol Companies in Vietnam No Company Material Output, mill.litter/year 1 Lamson sugar company Molasses 25 2 Hanoi wine company Starch Dongxuan wine company Starch Quangngai sugar company Molasses Hoabinh sugar company Starch Binhtay sugar company Molasses 3.0

5 Alcohol use in Vietnam, estimated Field Production, Mill liters For wine and export 60% 50% - For industry and medical service 10-15% 20% - Other, in stock 20-25% 20% - Fuel alcohol very litte 10%

6 Bio-ethanol production Target: 500 million liters of fuel bio-ethanol by 2020 (to blend 5 billion liters of gasohol E10) Potential of bio-ethanol production in Vietnam is high. Main feedstock are sugarcane, molasses, cassava, maize. If we could use all molasses from sugar mills, and 10% of cassava and maize production, we could already produce around 320 million liters of fuel bio-ethanol. Strategies: Bio- ethanol production from biomass (Agricultural residues, baggase, elephant grass, woody biomass )

7 Lignocellulosic biomass (woods, baggase, rice straw, elephant grass, etc.) Pre-treatments High cellulase producing microbial strains Acidic hydrolysis Enzymatic saccharification Membrane purification Quality standard Fermentation Distillation/Purification Ethanol Need R&D research for create pentose fermenting strains ETBE

8 Strategies for pentose fementation 1. Introduce ethanol fermenting ability to pentoseutilizing strains Recombinant strain E. coli. (KO11:developed by Florida Univ., licensed to BC International Inc.) Only used for pentose fermentation Strain cost is very expensive 2. Screening penttose fermenting microorganisms Isolation microorganisms from different sources Testing pentose fermenting ability 3.Create recombinant strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Zymomonas mobilis Xylose cannot be metabolized, but xylulose can be. Introduce the conversion ability from xylose to xylulose

9 Morphology of the pentose fermenting strain isolated in Vietnam No Microorganisms 1 D1 2 D2 3 D3 4 D4 5 D5 6 D6 Colony morphology Milk whitish, circular, smooth, shiny, flat, irregular margins, d = 2 mm White, circular, entire, convex, smooth and shiny, d = 2 mm Whitish blue, semi-transparent, circular, irregular margins, raised in center, d = 2 mm Whitish yellow, circular, entire, shiny, wet, convex, d = 2,5 mm White, opaque, circular, entire, convex, smooth and shiny, d = 1,5 mm White, opaque, circular, entire, convex, smooth, d = 2,4 mm Cell morphology Gram yeast yeast negative positive negative yeast 7 D7 Whitish yellow, circular, entire, pinpoint positive 8 D8 Whitish blue, semi-transparent, circular, entire, smooth, wet, convex, pinpoint negative Cell shape Circular, small and cell budding oval, large and cell budding Motile, short rod Short rod, coccus Motile, Cylinder, irregular cell budding Motile, small oval Motile, large oval, short rod

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12 Cellulose hydrolyzing strains isolated in Vietnam.

13 Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpurreum) Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of Pachyderm. There are 3 living species: - The African Bush Elephant; - The African Forest Elephant; - The Asian Elephant (The Indian Elephant)

14 Elephant grass in Vietnam - Can growth at the dry area; - Productivity: tons/ha/year (~ 40 tons dry biomass/ha/year); - The area planted of Elephant grass (2006): Dongthap province: 67 ha; BacKan: 100 ha; Tuyen Quang: 200 ha $US /ton

15 Leaf Animal Feeding Tree - trunk Can be use for ethanol production

16 Chemical composition of the elephant grass and woody residues of vietnam o Chemical contents Methods Elephant grass Woody residues 1 Moisture, % T201 wd Ash, % T221 om Solution substance, % T204 cm Lignin (%) T13 wd-74 6, Cellulose (%) T17 wd Pentozan (%) T223 cm

17 sugar conten (%) H2O Acid Hydrolytic solution /1 12.5/1 15.0/1 liquid/solid rate Effect of hydrolyze module on sacchrification of elephant grass (at 160 C; time: 1-3 h)

18 Đồ thị biểu diễn độ ph dịch nấu và hàm lượng đường trong mẫu cỏ voi được nghiền 6 Hàm lượng đường (% Sugar content (%) Độ ph ph Size of samples Kích thước mẫu 4 mm 6 mm 6 mm 4 mm Effect of ph and mechanical size on sacchrification of elephant grass (at 160 C; time: 1-3 h)

19 IN VIETNAM High potential biomass resources: Rice straw (tons/year) (35 mill.; baggase: 3.2 mill.; Molasses: 1.5 mill.; cassava: 5.57 mill. and ect. Problem: Low crops productivity; lacking of technology for efficiency biomass use. R&D in Vietnam: Increasing Crops productivity by bio-technology; Need to introduce advanced technology and to foster human resources 1. Produce new energies (transportation fuels: BEF, BTL, Bio-ethanol) 2. Produce biomaterials

20 Conclusion Vietnam has high potential biomass resources for development of bio-ethanol. Problems: Lacking of technology for efficiency production of Bio-ethanol especially the production of bio-ethanol from cellulosic biomass. Propose for R&D: Bio-ethanol production from Elephant grass and rice straw

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