OIE guidance on zoning and the development of compartments: practical experience and recommendations to the OIE

Transcription

1 OIE guidance on zoning and the development of compartments: practical experience and recommendations to the OIE Dr. Joanne Constantine Dr. Andrea Osborn Riding the Wave, Vietnam 2015

2 Objective Critical comparative review of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Code chapters on Zoning and Compartmentalisation and Application of Compartmentalisation Recommendations for potential amendments to the Code chapters

3 Approach Side by side review Gap analysis Documenting differences Recommending potential improvements Identifying challenges

4 Gap #1: Articles &4.3.3 Protection and containment zones (Terrestrial Code and 4.3.3) Containment zones missing in the aquatic chapter 4.1 Zones are currently used for various purposes No guidance in the Aquatic Code Guidance is required to ensure effective implementation and safe trade to prevent introduction and spread of disease

5 Aquatic Zonation Zonation for aquatic disease management: Depends on purpose Protection Containment/management Eradication Examples: Chile Zones for management of disease Scotland Management Areas and eradication of ISA Canada Eradication areas and zones for protection

6 Aquatic Zonation: Scotland Zones to contain, control & eradicate Serious Listed Diseases in Scotland Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Gigha 1994 Infectious Salmon Anaemia West Coast and Northern Isles 1998 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Shetland 2008 Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Shetland 2012 Provided courtesy of Dr. Robert Raynard, Marine Science Scotland

7 Aquatic Zonation: Scotland Based on EU Law under 2006/88 Allows for containment area appropriate to the disease in question is established, including a protection zone and surveillance zone, around the farm or mollusc farming area declared infected includes: Protection Zone around the infected farm(s) regular surveillance, control on the movement of live and dead fish, items which may spread infection Surveillance zone around the wider area, still controlled, but not quite as tightly Containment Area = Protection +Surveillance Disease Management Area specifically for ISA eradication Provided courtesy of Dr. Robert Raynard, Marine Science Scotland

8 Chilean Zones: Salmon Aquaculture Neighbourhoods Taken from: " Aquaculture and the Environment A Shared Destiny

9 Aquatic Zonation: Chile 2010 restructuring of industry Established Appropriate Areas for Aquaculture Common epidemiologic, oceanographic, operational or geographic characteristics Coordinated actions e.g. fish inputs, prophylaxis and therapeutic treatments, harvesting, and fallow periods Use of zones has resulted in significant decrease in the impacts of diseases like ISA

10 Aquatic Zonation: Canada Stipulated in Canada s Health of Animals Regulations Establish health status at country or zone level Every province and territorial waters can be considered an eradication area Animals can be inspected, segregated and tested for any disease Disease eradication programs may be instituted for preventing the spread of disease

11 Aquatic Zonation: Canada Eradication areas can be further sub divided and assigned varying health status free, buffer and infected Based on epidemiologic factors to demonstrate freedom Require permits for inter-zone movements (infected to free and buffer) Canada uses its zones to prevent the spread of endemic diseases as well as eradicate any disease if it so choses

12 OIE recommendation #1 Update Aquatic Code Chapter 4.1 on Zoning and Compartmentalisation include guidance on containment zones Develop a chapter specific to application of zonation in aquatics Similar to that for compartmentalisation Allow for zones to be established based on fit for purpose Needs to include all susceptible species wild and farmed

13 Gap #2 Process for recognizing health status Both Code chapters refer to need for import controls, Chapter 1.1 Disease Notification and 3.1 Evaluating Veterinary Services Should include Basic Biosecurity Conditions (BBC s) include a set of conditions applied to a disease or a zone/country Compulsory disease notification Early warning system Import controls

14 Gap #2 Process for recognizing health status Fundamental to confidence in a Country s ability to establish and maintain disease freedom in subpopulations in compartments or zones BBC must come before establishment of zone or compartment Compartments and zones cannot be a surrogate for basic biosecurity conditions Evaluation is also a key to confidence

15 OIE recommendation #2 Amalgamation of all general principles in articles & and & Clarity on the requirements for General basic biosecurity conditions and Evaluation of Veterinary and Aquatic Animal Health Services Both prior to establishing zone or compartment Improves confidence in acceptance of control measures to establish and maintain disease freedom

16 Gap #3 Fit for Purpose Clarification on purpose of zonation vs. compartment Article and For free areas - establishment of compartments before occurrence of disease For infected country/zones - establish compartments in face of disease to facilitate trade Article and following a disease outbreak to take advantage of epidemiological links to facilitate... the continuation of trade.

17 OIE recommendation #3 Revision of the general guidance on zones versus compartments Clarity on the purpose of zone versus compartment Zones multi-purpose Compartments based on maintaining a health status higher than the zone Effectiveness of zones or compartment should be system based Occurrence of an outbreak should be the test of effectiveness Encouraging compartments in free zones and countries may be difficult

18 Gap #4 Loss of guiding principles Article (terrestrial) stipulated specific info which is summarized in (aquatics) General consideration for role of wildlife, laboratory services, role of industry Specific topics missing imports and imported products Need for animal/population identification and traceability Absence of information on Containment zones

19 Gap #4 Loss of guiding principles Articles and principles for defining a zone versus a compartment Need to define principles common to both versus specific to zone/compartment Two concepts are very different and while there are common practices However there are many differences To be effective as guidance, need to state what principles apply to each approach

20 OIE recommendation #4 Revise to ensure inclusion of missing concepts Wildlife, imported products, role of industry Revision to clarify Article and Stipulate which articles apply to establishment of zones versus compartments

21 Gap #5 Application of Compartmentalisation Chapters are not inconsistent in text and guidance as general chapter Are issues with the concepts and clarity Guidance should have logical flow with the process for establishing and maintaining compartments Biosecurity plan is not defined but should include all documentation for establishment and maintenance of compartments Surveillance establishment versus maintenance of compartment

22 OIE Recommendation #5 Re-order the Chapter to have practical flow of how to apply the guiding principles: 1. Identify introduction risks Physical infrastructure Biological risks ( animals, water, feed, fomites, vectors) 2. Biosecurity Plan documentation of pathways and mitigation measures (includes traceability and population i.d.)

23 OIE Recommendation #5 Clarity of concepts: Documentation: Biosecurity plan is the documentation Should include roles and responsibilities of CA & industry Surveillance: Clarify if for zone or compartment Purpose freedom versus return to freedom post outbreak

24 Overall Options Option 1: Restructure into 2 chapters Zonation including application Compartmentalisation including application Option 2 Revise 4.1 and 4.3 to include all general principles Develop a chapter on application of zonation Similar to application of compartmentalisation