Introduction to Biomedical Engineering. What is Biomedical Engineering?

Transcription

1 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering What is Biomedical Engineering?

2 Science vs. Engineering

3 Science vs. Engineering Traditional view Scientists create knowledge study the world as it is are trained in scientific method use explicit knowledge are thinkers More realistic view Scientists create knowledge are problem-driven seek to understand and explain design experiments to test theories not much interested in application Engineers apply that knowledge seek to change the world are trained in engineering design use tacit knowledge are doers Engineers create knowledge are problem-driven seek to understand and explain design experiments/devices to test theories also interested in application

4 Science vs. Engineering Science System Theory Engineering

5 Science vs. Engineering Scientists try to understand nature. Engineers try to make things that do not exist in nature. Engineers stress invention. To embody an invention the engineer must put his idea in concrete terms, and design something that people can use. That something can be a device, a gadget, a material, a method, a computing program, an innovative experiment, a new solution to a problem, or an improvement on what is existing. Since a design has to be concrete, it must have its geometry, dimensions, and characteristic numbers. Almost all engineers working on new designs find that they do not have all the needed information. Most often, they are limited by insufficient scientific knowledge. Thus they study mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and mechanics. Often they have to add to the sciences relevant to their profession. Theodore Von Karman (aerospace engineer)

6 Examples of Engineering Mechancal engineering ( 기계공학 ) Civil engineering ( 토목공학 ) Physics Electrical engineering ( 전기공학 ) Chemical engineering ( 화학공학 ) Material engineering ( 재료공학 ) Biomedical engineering ( 의생명공학 ) Chemistry Biomedicine Biomedical engineers apply electrical, chemical, optical, mechanical, and other engineering principles to understand, modify or control biological system.

7 Biomedical engineering depts.washington.edu

8 Examples Study of protein-surface interactions (biomechanics, biophysics) Invention of new medical diagnostic tests (bioinstrumentation, biosensor) Therapeutic and rehabilitation procedures and devices (rehabilitation engineering) MRI, CT, PET (medical device, medical imaigng) Microscopic imaging of cellular processes in living animals (bioimaging) Light to control neural activity or make tissue translucent (biophotonics) Creating of new biological products (biotechnology and tissue engineering) Diagnostic interpretation via signal-processing (bioinformatics, computational biology) Computer analysis of clinical data and decision making (medical informatics) Production of synthetic vaccines from engineered cells (synthetic biology) Devices for mimicking body functions (artificial organs, biomaterial)

9 Major achievements in BME Hip-joint replacement Angioplasty MRI Pacemaker Hemodialysis Genome sequencing

10 Professional BME society IEEE EMBS (IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society) Founded in 1952 ( BMES (Biomedical Engineering Society) Founded in Illinois, 1968 ( The Korean Society of Medical & Biological Engineering ( 의용생체공학회 ) Nature Biomedical Engineering Launched this year (2017)

11 Mechanics (whirligig) + Medicine Paperfuge

12 Optical physics + Cell biology Cell Laser

13 Biomaterial + Optics Implantable Optics Biocompatible? Cell encapsulation à Tissue engineering Hydrogel Synthetic cell scaffold Light-guiding Nature Photonics, 2013

14 Optical waveguide for cell-based therapy hydrogel (+ cells) Nature Photonics, 2013

15 Implantable light-guide Optical fiber Hydrogel Nature Photonics, 2013

16 Optogenetic therapy of diabetes GLP-1 hydrogel Nature Photonics, 2013

17 Material science + Neuroscience CLARITY

18 BRAIN initiative new Presidential focus aimed at understanding of the brain. focuses on technology development (engineering science) to understand how neurons interact in both time and space

19 BRAIN initiative

20 Next: Molecular Biomechanics Molecular biomechanics Molecular forces Single molecule methods Chapter 2 +! Cellular biomechanics Cellular structure/function Cytoskeleton Cell adhesion and aggregation Cell migration Mechanotrasduction Tissue biomechanics Molecular structure/property Elastic models Viscoelasticity Poroelasticity Electrochemical effects Chapter 10

21 Homework #1 Due: next lecture Q1. Write a definition (1 sentence) of biomedical engineering in your own words. Q2. Pick a faculty member in the department. Perform a Google Scholar search with your selected faculty member as the author to find a list of articles that he or she has written in the past two years. Select an article of your interest and write a brief summary of the findings for a general audience (~ 200 words). In which subdiscipline of biomedical engineering does this research work belong?