The Healthcare System

Transcription

1 Biomedical Engineering: The Healthcare System What is the healthcare system? The healthcare system is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver healthcare services to meet society s health needs. What do Biomedical Engineers do in the healthcare system? Research and Development Engineers: design, model, prototype, and manufacture new medical procedures or devices. Clinical Engineers: maintain and repair medical equipment in hospitals and other health facilities. Rehabilitation Engineers: develop ways to improve quality of life and restore physical strength and gain greater independence for people with all kinds of impairments. Activities: R&D Engineering: Use 3D Slicer software to extract features of the brain or chest from CT and MRI scans in order to generate a 3D model. Then check out the 3D printed versions of extracted structures! Also check out the 3D printed hand prosthetic devices from the e-nable lab and explore microfluidics! Clinical Engineering: Take a look at the pulse oximeter that you have been given. Perform research online to determine what the device does and how it works. Then discuss with others to see if you determined the same purpose of the device. Rehabilitation Engineering - Check out the following website and discuss what you find:

2 Biomedical Engineering: Lab-on-a-Chip What are medical devices? Medical devices are tools that help with diagnosis. They can also be gadgets that benefit the human body. There is wide variety of these devices, such as crutches, pacemakers, and blood pressure monitors. These tools, gadgets, and machinery can potentially save many lives. Medical devices are one crucial way to help the world! What do Biomedical Engineers do in the field of medical devices? There are many different ways to be involved with medical devices. Biomedical engineers can develop, test, and manufacture medical devices. There are many fields to develop medical devices in, such as orthopedics, diabetes care, and sports medicine. Another way to be involved in medical devices is through the sales aspect of the process. Examples Lab-on-a-chip Analyzes blood samples on a small chip Heart monitors Defibrillators Hearing aids And many more! Companies that make medical devices Johnson & Johnson General Electric Co. (GE) Siemens

3 Biomedical Engineering: Biology and Immunology Word Bank adaptive bacteria breakdown cough disable eat fight innate infections kill recognize rejected spreading viruses The immune system is the body s defense against ( ) and ( ). The immune system is made up of a network of cells that work together to protect the body and this is called the immune response. The immune response is split into two networks, the ( ) and ( ) immune system response. The innate immune response is your body s first line of defense against foreign invaders that would cause ( ) from cuts or ( ) from a cold. Messenger proteins, neutrophil, and the dendritic cell are part of the innate immune system that ( ) and ( ) bacteria by communicating with one another. The adaptive immune system steps in when the innate immune system is unable to stop the bacteria and germs from ( ). The T and B cells work together to produce antibodies that will ( ) and ( ) the bacteria and viruses before they take over the body. The immune system is very important when working with vaccines and biomaterials. Vaccines develop immunity by imitating an infection that will cause the immune system to ( ) and ( ) the infection in the future. Biomaterials are very important because engineers do not implants and biomedical devices to be ( ) from the human body. Test your immune system knowledge and label us!

4 Answer Key: The immune system is the body s defense against (bacteria) and (viruses). The immune system is made up of a network of cells that work together to protect the body and this is called the immune response. The immune response is split into two networks, the (innate) and (adaptive) immune system response. The innate immune response is your body s first line of defense against foreign invaders that would cause (infections) from cuts or (coughs) from a cold. Messenger proteins, neutrophil, and the dendritic cell are part of the innate immune system that (eat) and (break down) bacteria by communicating with one another. The adaptive immune system steps in when the innate immune system is unable to stop the bacteria and germs from (spreading). The T and B cells work together to produce antibodies that will (disable) and (kill) the bacteria and viruses before they take over the body. The immune system is very important when working with vaccines and biomaterials. Vaccines develop immunity by imitating an infection that will cause the immune system to (recognize) and (fight) the infection in the future. Biomaterials are very important because engineers do not implants and biomedical devices to be (rejected) from the human body. Test your immune system knowledge and label us!

5 Activity Description: The purpose of this activity is to teach the importance of signals and how they tell us what the body is doing. We use signals to get information from parts of the body. These signals can tell us what is going on with our bodies. For example, these signals can tell us if a woman is pregnant or if someone is sick. Understanding these signals can be very useful for surgery and for diagnosis. We also use data to tell things what to do, for example with robotics. Signals are used to construct images and make commands to control prosthetics, cameras, and create things based on their observations. EEG An electroencephalogram is used to see our brains! This is used a lot in brain research to see what parts of the brain do what. When all hooked up, you could tell which part of the brain responds to being surprised, which one responds to seeing chocolate, and which one responds to move your body! QR Code: This drone is controlled by your mind! An electrooculogram measures your eyes! This is used a lot by your eye doctor to see how your eyes move and make sure they are healthy. This is also used a lot for virtual reality! When you can see where the eyes are looking, you can change a picture to follow your eyes. How cool! QR Code: They used EOG in Beowulf to get real-life looking eye movements! MRI A Magnetic Resonance Imaging machine measures magnetic energy on your body. These are huge machines, and can be dangerous, so they are usually in special rooms. This is a lot like an X-Ray, except it lets you see muscles and tissue and not just your bones. QR Code: Here is an MRI of someone playing a horn!

6 ECG An electrocardiogram (also called EKG) is used to see how your heart works! It can tell you how it is beating and if it is healthy. You might have seen an ECG in a hospital as a green line on a TV. QR Code: ECG turned into music for mothers and their babies. An electromyogram measures your muscles! It can tell you whether a muscle is moving or not. You might think I can see my arm move though, why do we need this? We need this because your whole body has muscles in it that we can t see! We use this to tell us about specific muscles that we cannot see. QR Code: This device lets your clothes tell you how to exercise better. Ultrasound is another way of looking into the body, but unlike MRI, you don t need a huge machine. You have seen an ultrasound if you have ever seen a picture of a baby inside of a woman. Ultrasound uses sound to tell you what is going on, a lot like echo-location that bats and dolphins use! The sound you get back is louder or softer, and can help you see QR Code: This video uses a helmet that lets you see like a bat.

7 1. Remove jewelry from your hands, arm leg 2. Clean skin (optional) with Abrasive Gel wipe with alcohol swab. Once dry, stick electrodes o n in their proper places (where each go? Can you figure it 3. Relax and Hit Questions: - What do you notice You can see in the picture above what an signal will look like. It is made up of called P, Q, R, S and T. Each one marks differen action in your heart. This whole happens very quickly. This image comes from electricity in your heart, which follows like the top left picture. Below is called Einthoven s Triangle (Einthoven was scientists). This is what we use to pick to put the electrodes to find differen kinds of information. There is a Lead I, II and III. one do you to - How could you find your heart - Can you find the differen waves as seen on your - What happens when you open and close hand? Why do you think this - What questions do you have? Go ahead ask!

8 TIPS Protect your Immune System at all cost! The battlefield corners are great locations to defend your Immune System. However, this battle strategy is extremely obvious! Stratego Utilize Messenger Proteins to communicate the location and identity of your opponent s pieces in order to signal out for strategy plans Pair the Neutrophil and the Dendritic Cell together to be the ultimate weapon against Bacteria. Together they attach to Bacteria and collect samples: preparing to signal the next move! Strategically navigate your Virus and Mutated Cell to the enemy line to begin your attack on their Immune System. Keep your Memory Cell, B Cells, and T Cells close to your Immune System to defend against the Bacteria and Viruses that threaten to destroy you. Emily Kimber Rochester Institute of Technology Biomedical Engineer BIOG The Ultimate Immunology Game Believe you are the master of the Immune System! Test your knowledge here!

9 ATTACK! SET UP MEET YOUR ARMY! 1. Players place each of their pieces on their half of the battle field 2. Players wisely place their army in the first 4 rows. Ensure your battle plan is undefeatable! RULES FOR MOVEMENT 1. Turns alternate. Purple starts! 2. Each piece moves from square to square in any direction except diagonally. Messenger Proteins have a special move, which will be explained in step The board contains Biomaterials that are not counted as squares. Pieces must move around the Biomaterials. Beware of surprise attacks! 4. Two pieces may not occupy the same square at the same time 5. A piece may not move through or jump over a square that is already occupied 6. Only one piece may be moved each turn. Think carefully. 7. The Immune System and Vaccines cannot be moved; they must remain in that square for the duration of the invasion. 8. Messenger Proteins may move any number of squares forward, backward, or sideways in a straight line. Be careful of revealing your piece values! 9. Pieces cannot be moved back and forth between the same 2 squares in any 3 repetitive turns. 1.When green and purple pieces occupy adjoining squares backto-back, front-to-front, side-toside, they are in position to attack. Diagonal strikes are not allowed. 2. Players may move or attack on their turn, not both. Choose wisely! 3. To attack, players tap their opponent s piece with their own piece as they declare the piece s rank. Opponents respond with the rank of their piece. No cheating. 4. The piece with the lowest rank is lost and removed. The winning piece is moved onto the empty space that was previously occupied. 5. When pieces with equal ranks are attacked, both pieces are removed. 6. AIDS is a special piece with the privilege of removing only the Memory Cell and Adaptive Immune System. This privilege is only applied when AIDS attacks first. Other pieces cannot destroy AIDS. All pieces remain on the board if AIDS does not attacked first. 7. When any piece, besides T Cells, attack Vaccines that piece is lost and immediately removed. If T Cells attack Vaccines, they occupy the square where that piece was.