TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns

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1 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns About: TSKgel SW Series Size Exclusion Columns TSKgel UP-SW3 columns are the latest addition to the popular TSKgel SW column series, the gold standard for QC analysis of antibody therapeutics. TSKgel UP-SW3 columns feature the same pore size as the well-established TSKgel G3SWXL columns. Hence methods developed using TSKgel G3SWXL columns can easily be transferred to TSKgel UP-SW3 columns on conventional HPLC systems as well as on UHPLC systems. The TSKgel SW mab columns meet the growing demand for the higher resolution and high throughput separation of monoclonal antibody (mab) monomer and dimer/fragment, as well as higher resolution of mab aggregates. While mab can be analyzed using many different modes of HPLC, size exclusion is best for aggregation, dimer, and fragmentation, making it the best method for heterogeneity studies. TSKgel SW series SEC columns contain a large pore volume per unit column volume. This is critical in SEC, because the more pore volume per unit column volume, the better two proteins of different molar mass are separated. TSKgel UP-SW3, SW mab, SW, SWXL, and SuperSW columns are based on highly porous silica particles, the surface of which has been shielded from interacting with proteins by derivatization with ligands containing diol functional groups. TSKgel SW series columns stand out from other silica- or polymer-based high performance size exclusion columns by virtue of their large pore volumes and low residual adsorption. TSKgel UP-SW3, SW mab, SW, SWXL, and SuperSW columns are stable from ph. to 7. and can be used in 1% aqueous conditions. The different pore sizes of the TSKgel SW series columns result in different exclusion limits for globular proteins, polyethylene oxides and dextrans, as summarized in Table. Furthermore, different particle sizes, column dimensions and housing materials are available for each of the TSKgel SW series columns. The column internal diameter of TSKgel SuperSW columns has been reduced from 7.8 mm ID to 4.6 mm ID to provide higher sensitivity in sample-limited cases and to cut down on solvent use. It is important to employ an HPLC system that is optimized with regards to extra-column band broadening to take full advantage of the high column efficiency that can be obtained on these columns. TSKgel BioAssist columns are available within the TSKgel SWXL line. These columns are made of PEEK housing material to reduce sample adsorption to stainless steel or glass. Also available within the TSKgel GSWXL and G3SWXL line are QC-PAK columns. These columns are 1 cm in length with μm particles and offer the same resolution in half the time as the 3 cm, 1 μm TSKgel GSW and G3SW columns. Recommendations for TSKgel SW series selection: Samples of known molar mass - Calibration curves for each TSKgel SW series column are provided in this HPLC Column Product Guide. Each curve represents a series of various standards (protein, PEO, or globular proteins, for example) with known molar masses. The molar mass range of the compound to be analyzed should be within the linear range of the calibration curve and similar to the chemical composition and architecture of the standards used to construct the calibration curve. Samples of unknown molar mass - Use the TSKgel QC-PAK GFC3 column to develop the method (scouting) and the TSKgel G3SWXL column to obtain the highest resolution. - If the protein of interest elutes near the exclusion volume, then a TSKgel G4SWXL column is the logical next step. Conversely, if the protein of interest elutes near the end of the chromatogram, try a TSKgel GSWXL column. Proteins (general) - Choose one of the TSKgel SWXL columns using the calibration curves to select the appropriate pore size based on knowledge or estimate of protein molar mass. Monoclonal antibodies - TSKgel SW mab columns are ideal for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies. Alternatives include the TSKgel UP-SW3, G3SWXL and SuperSW3 columns when sample is limited or the components of interest are present at very low concentrations. Peptides Other - TSKgel GSWXL columns are the first selection for the analysis of peptides. - TSKgel SuperSW columns are utilized when sample is limited or the components of interest are present at very low concentration. - Use TSKgel SW columns when not sample limited or when larger amounts of sample need to be isolated. TSKgel BioAssist DS desalting columns are designed to reduce the concentration of salt and buffer of protein or polynucleotide sample solutions at semi-preparative scale. Packed with 1 μm polyacrylamide beads in PEEK hardware, TSKgel BioAssist DS columns show excellent desalting performance. For more info visit: 7

2 Table : Properties and separation ranges of TSKgel UP-SW3, SW mab, SW, SWXL, SuperSW, and BioAssist DS columns TSKgel column Particle size Pore size Globular proteins Dextrans Molar mass of samples (Da) Polyethylene glycols & oxides GSW 1 µm and 13 µm 1. nm, , x 1 4 G3SW 1 µm and 13 µm nm , , G4SW 13 µm and 17 µm 4 nm , 1,. 1 GSWXL, BioAssist GSWXL, QC-PAK GFC G3SWXL, BioAssist G3SWXL, QC-PAK GFC 3 G4SWXL, BioAssist G4SWXL µm 1. nm, , µm nm , µm 4 nm , 1,. x 1 SuperSW 4 µm 1. nm, , SuperSW3 4 µm nm , , BioAssist DS 1 µm Excludes, Da PEG SuperSW mab HR 4 µm nm SuperSW mab HTP 4 µm nm UltraSW Aggregate 3 µm 3 nm UP-SW3 µm nm Call customer service: , technical service:

3 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns About: TSKgel UP-SW3 UHPLC/HPLC Size Exclusion Columns TSKgel UP-SW3 columns packed with μm silica based particles are the latest addition to the popular TSKgel SW series, the gold standard for QC analysis of antibody therapeutics. These new silica-based UHPLC/ HPLC columns are based on the same proven proprietary surface technology of the renowned TSKgel SW series. The surface of the particles has been shielded from interacting with proteins by derivatization with ligands containing diol functional groups. TSKgel UP-SW3 columns feature the same pore size as the well-established TSKgel G3SWXL columns. Hence methods developed using TSKgel G3SWXL columns can easily be transferred to TSKgel UP-SW3 columns on conventional HPLC systems as well as on UHPLC systems. TSKgel UP-SW3 columns are available in 4.6 mm ID with 1 or 3 cm length. The 1 cm column offers a shortened analysis time with improved efficiency versus the TSKgel G3SWXL column. The 3 cm column delivers dramatically increased peak parameters such as efficiency, asymmetry, and resolution between fragments, monomers, and aggregates compared to the TSKgel G3SWXL column. The lifetime of the TSKgel UP-SW3 columns are superior and can be maintained and further improved when using the corresponding guard columns. A direct connect (DC) guard column allows minimizing extra column dead volume. Attributes and Applications Table 3 lists the product attributes of TSKgel UP-SW3 columns. These columns utilize a unique pore-controlled technology, which produces a shallow calibration curve in the region of the molecular weight of g-globulin, as shown in Figure. These differences in the separation range and steepness of the curves are related to a slight difference in pore size ( nm for TSKgel versus nm for the 1.7 µm material). The TSKgel UP-SW3 calibration curve shows a separation range up to around kda. Table 3: Product attributes Attribute Value Base material Silica Particle size (mean) µm Pore size (mean) nm Functional group Diol ph stability.-7. Calibration range (proteins) 1 - kda Figure : Protein calibration curve for TSKgel UP-SW3 and competitor SEC column logm TSKgel UP-SW3 Competitor TSKgel UP-SW3, µm, 4.6 mm ID 1 cm Competitor SEC, 1.7 µm, 4.6 mm ID 1 cm Mobile phase: 1 mmol/l phosphate buffer, ph mmol/l Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3.3 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: C Inj. vol.: μl 1. thyroglobulin, 64 kda 1. thyroglobulin dimer. g-globulin, 1 kda. g-globulin dimer 3. ovalbumin, 47 kda 4. ribonuclease A, 13,7 Da. p-amino benzoic acid, 137 Da For more info visit: 9

4 Reproducibility Figure 4: TSKgel UP-SW3 column-to-column reproducibility Figure 3: TSKgel UP-SW3 column injection-to-injection reproducibility ribo A Column ova 9 γ-glo Thy paba 4 Thy γ-glo ova 1 - Instrument: Mobile phase: Gradient: Temperature: Injection vol.: paba Column ribo A Column TSKgel UP-SW3, µm, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Thermo Fisher/Dionex Ultimate 3 UHPLC System 1 mmol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph 6.7, + 1mmol/L Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3 Isocratic.3 ml/min 8 nm C µl QC standard protein test mixture: thyroglobulin, 64 kda,. g/l g-globulin, 1 kda, 1 g/l ovalbumin, 47 kda, 1 g/l ribonuclease A, 13,7 Da, 1. g/l p-aminobenzoic acid, 137 Da,.1 g/l Instrument: Mobile phase: Gradient: Temperature: Injection vol.: TSKgel UP-SW3, µm, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Thermo Fisher/Dionex Ultimate 3 UHPLC System 1 mmol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph 6.7, + 1mmol/L Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3 Isocratic.3 ml/min 8 nm C µl QC standard protein test mixture: thyroglobulin, 64 kda,. g/l g-globulin, 1 kda, 1 g/l ovalbumin, 47 kda, 1 g/l ribonuclease A, 13,7 Da, 1. g/l p-aminobenzoic acid, 137 Da,.1 g/l Figure : TSKgel UP-SW3 lot-to-lot reproducibility 19 ribo A TSKgel UP-SW3 columns offer superior reproducibility injection-to-injection, from column-to-column within the same lot and from lot-to-lot. A QC standard protein mixture of three consecutive injections was analyzed, yielding low percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) for retention time and theoretical plate count for all peaks, as shown in Figures 3- below. paba Lot Lot Lot 3 99 Lot 4 Lot 79 9 γ-glo 39 ova Thy Instrument: Mobile phase: Gradient: Temperature: Injection vol.: 1 TSKgel UP-SW3, µm, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Thermo Fisher/Dionex Ultimate 3 UHPLC System 1 mmol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph 6.7, + 1mmol/L Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3 Isocratic.3 ml/min 8 nm C µl QC standard protein test mixture: thyroglobulin, 64 kda,. g/l g-globulin, 1 kda, 1 g/l ovalbumin, 47 kda, 1 g/l ribonuclease A, 13,7 Da, 1. g/l p-aminobenzoic acid, 137 Da,.1 g/l Call customer service: , technical service:

5 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns Easy Method Transfer: From HPLC to HPLC and UHPLC Systems TSKgel UP-SW3 columns feature the same pore size as the well-established TSKgel G3SWXL columns. Hence methods developed using TSKgel G3SWXL columns can easily be transferred to TSKgel UP-SW3 columns on conventional HPLC systems as well as on UHPLC systems. The TSKgel UP-SW3 column offers several advantages versus the TSKgel G3SWXL column, as shown in Figure 6 comparing the analysis of QC protein standards at the same concentrations. The TSKgel UP-SW3 column offers higher sensitivity, with better peak shape, higher resolution and slightly shorter retention time. No change in the mobile phase composition is required; only an adjustment to a lower flow rate is necessary. A method developed on a conventional HPLC system using a TSKgel UP-SW3, µm column is smoothly transferrable to a UHPLC system. Two separation profiles of a QC protein standard mixture using a TSKgel UP-SW3 column from a HPLC and a UHPLC system are overlaid and shown in Figure 7 below. The two overlaid chromatograms clearly show that the method is robust, reproducible and transferrable. The analysis was carried out under identical chromatographic conditions at a flow rate of.3 ml/ min. The two sets of three consecutive runs were carried out with the following criteria: two different instruments (Agilent 11 HPLC and Thermo Fisher/Dionex Ultimate 3 UHPLC), on two different days, using two columns from two different lots, using two different batches of QC buffer, and two different preparations of the QC protein standard mixture. Figure 6: Analysis of QC protein standards using TSKgel G3SWXL and UP-SW3 columns on a conventional HPLC system TSKgel G3SWXL Inj. vol.: 1 µl FR: 1. ml/min P: 4 MPa A TSKgel UP-SW3 Inj. vol.: µl FR:.3 ml/min P: 6.7 MPa Thy γ-glo ova ribo A paba Thy γ-glo ova ribo A B Columns: A. TSKgel G3SWXL µm, 7.8 mm ID x 3 cm B. TSKgel UP-SW3, µm, 4.6 mm ID x 3 cm Mobile phase: 1 mmol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph mmol/l Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3 A. 1. ml/min B..3 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: C Inj. vol.: A. 1 μl B. μl 1. thyroglobulin, 64 kda. g-globulin, 1 kda 3. ovalbumin, 47 kda 4. ribonuclease A, 13,7 Da. p-amino benzoic acid, 137 Da Figure 7: Analysis of QC protein standards using a TSKgel UP-SW3 column on a HPLC and UHPLC system paba HPLC 11 UHPLC FR:.3 ml/min Thy γ-glo ova ribo A TSKgel UP-SW3, µm, 4.6 mm ID x 3 cm Mobile phase: 1 mmol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph mmol/l Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3.3 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: C Inj. vol.: μl 1. thyroglobulin, 64 kda. γ-globulin, 1 kda 3. ovalbumin, 47 kda 4. ribonuclease A, 13,7 Da. p-amino benzoic acid, 137 Da paba For more info visit: 11

6 Increased Monoclonal Antibody Resolution and Reproducibility A monoclonal antibody was analyzed using a TSKgel UP-SW3, 3 cm column and a 3 cm competitor UHPLC column, as shown in Figures 8A and 8B. The TSKgel UP-SW3 column provided excellent reproducibility for the peak parameters of retention time, asymmetry, and column efficiency. Injection-to-injection reproducibility was superior to the competitor column as demonstrated by the %RSD values in Table 4. Figure 8A: mab analysis using TSKgel UP-SW3 column Detector response (mau) 9 4 TSKgel UP-SW3, 3 cm Monomer 7. LMW Dimer TSKgel UP-SW3, µm, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: 1 mmol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph 6.7, + 1mmol/L Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3 Gradient: Isocratic.3 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: C Injection vol.: µl QC standard protein test mixture: thyroglobulin, 64 kda,. g/l g-globulin, 1 kda, 1 g/l ovalbumin, 47 kda, 1 g/l ribonuclease A, 13,7 Da, 1. g/l p-aminobenzoic acid, 137 Da,.1 g/l Table 4: Comparative analysis of peak parameters of TSKgel UP- SW3 and competitor column TSKgel UP-SW3 RT (min) As N Run Run Run Avg SD %RSD Competitor RT (min) As N Run Run Run Avg SD %RSD Figure 8B: mab analysis using competitor UHPLC column Detector response (mau) 9 4 Competitor, 3 cm Monomer 6.84 LMW Dimer Competitor column, 1.7 µm, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: 1 mmol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph 6.7, + 1mmol/L Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3 Gradient: Isocratic.3 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: C Injection vol.: µl QC standard protein test mixture: thyroglobulin, 64 kda,. g/l g-globulin, 1 kda, 1 g/l ovalbumin, 47 kda, 1 g/l ribonuclease A, 13,7 Da, 1. g/l p-aminobenzoic acid, 137 Da,.1 g/l 1 Call customer service: , technical service:

7 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns About: TSKgel SW mab Size Exclusion Columns TSKgel SW mab columns are the newest innovation in size exclusion technology from Tosoh. This line of columns consists of three specialized columns designed for the separation and analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mab). Compared to competitive columns, these new stainless steel, silica-based TSKgel columns offer reduced lot-tolot variation, long column life, reduction of unspecified adsorption, and superior recovery of aggregates. These columns are available within the TSKgel SW mab column line: Table : Product attributes TSKgel column Base material Particle size (mean) Pore size (mean) Functional group SuperSW mab HR SuperSW mab HTP Silica 4 µm 4 µm 3 µm nm nm 3 nm Diol ph stability.-7. UltraSW Aggregate TSKgel SuperSW mab HR TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate Calibration range Da (globular proteins) Da (globular proteins) Da (globular proteins) TSKgel SuperSW mab HR and SuperSW mab HTP both contain 4 μm particles. The HR designation represents the high resolution analysis of mab monomer, dimer, and fragments, while the HTP stands for high throughput due to the smaller dimensions (4.6 mm ID 1 cm). The TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP column is compatible with both HPLC and UHPLC systems. The TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate column is a smaller particle size, 3 μm, and offers high resolution separation of mab multimers and aggregates. Figure 9: Protein calibration curves for TSKgel SW mab columns thyroglobulin trimer thyroglobulin dimer thyroglobulin (64, Da) Attributes and Applications Table shows a summary of the product attributes for the TSKgel SW mab columns. These columns utilize a unique pore-controlled technology, which produces a shallow calibration curve in the molar mass region of a typical monoclonal antibody. As shown in Figure 9, the calibration curve for the TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column is similar to that of the TSKgel G3SWXL column curve and has a shallower slope than the TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate column around the molar mass range of gamma-globulin. This shallow calibration curve produces high resolution separations. The TSKgel UltraSW Aggregrate calibration curve shows a separation range up to around million Da, which implies better resolution of aggregate/multimer of a mab. Log molar mass Exclusion limit (globular protein):. 1 6 Da (TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate) Da (TSKgel SuperSW mab HR) TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate TSKgel SuperSW mab HR TSKgel G3SWXL γ-globulin (1, Da) ovalbumin (47, Da) p-aminobenzoic acid (137 Da) ribonulease A (13,7 Da) For more info visit: 13

8 mab Monomer from its Half-Body Recent research has shown an interest in mab half-bodies as therapeutic vectors as they can be further targeted for conjugation, enzyme labeling, or antibody immobilization. Monoclonal antibody half-bodies can be generated through the genetic engineering of cells or by selective reduction of hinge-region disulfide bonds present in the mab by mild reducing agents, such as TCEP [tris(carboxyethyl) phosphine]. A mab half-body was generated through protein reduction using TCEP and subsequently identified by gel electrophoresis. Figure 1 illustrates the separation of human IgG monomer, half-body (7 kda) and fragment (1/3 mab) using a TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column. High resolution (Rs = 1.13) of the IgG monomer and half-body species was achieved. Figure 1: Separation of human IgG monomer, half-body, and fragments using a TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column Rs (monomer/half-mab) = 1.13 Half-mAb Monomer Fragment TSKgel SuperSW mab HR, 4 μm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:.1 mol/l phosphate/.1 mol/l sulfate buffer +.% NaN 3. ml/min 8 nm Temperature: ºC Injection vol.: 1 μl human IgG (4.6 g/l) from Sigma Aldrich SDS-PAGE was used to confirm the identity of the mab monomer, half-body and fragment collected from the SEC separation on the TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column. The monoclonal antibody, half mab and the fragment are clearly identified with the SDS-PAGE molar mass marker as well as transferrin (78 kda) (Figure 11). This clearly shows that the half mab could be generated using the TCEP reduction method and separated using the TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column. mab Monomer and Dimer Figure 1 demonstrates the superior resolution of the TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column compared to four competitive columns in the analysis of a mab monomer and dimer. TSKgel SuperSW mab HR shows excellent resolution of gamma-globulin dimer and monomer. Figure 1: Comparison of resolution of mab monomer and dimer A. TSKgel SuperSW mab HR B. Brand A (3 µm) C. Brand B ( µm) D. Brand C ( µm) E. Brand D ( µm) Dimer Rs = 1.9 Rs = 1.33 Monomer Rs =.1 Rs = 1.9 Rs = Columns: A. TSKgel SuperSW mab HR, 4 µm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm B. Brand A, 3 μm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm C. Brand B, μm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm D. Brand C, μm, 8. mm ID 3 cm E. Brand D, μm, 8. mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: mmol/l phosphate buffer, ph % NaN 3 1. ml/min 8 nm Temperature: C Injection vol.: 1 μl IgG (human polyclonal), 1. g/l Figure 11: SDS-PAGE gel of human IgG monomer, half-body and fragments separated using a TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column 14 Call customer service: , technical service:

9 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns Durability Figure 13 demonstrates the good durability of the TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column through the reproducibility of Rs for a γ-globulin sample injection. Figure 13: High durability of TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column Detector response (mv) 1 4 Inj. 99 Inj. 33 Inj. 3 Therapeutic mab Rs = 1.74 Rs = 1.79 Rs = A shorter column length allows the TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP column to provide fast and efficient run times in the high resolution separation of a mab monomer and dimer. Figure 14 shows no loss in resolution in the analysis of a therapeutic mab at a. ml/min flow rate and an increased pressure of. MPa TSKgel SuperSW mab HR, 4 µm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:. mol/l phosphate buffer, ph % NaN 3.8 ml/min 8 nm Injection vol.: 1 μl 1. g-globulin. Cytochrome C 3. DNP-L-Alanine Figure 14: High speed separation of therapeutic mab Papain digested IgG IgG monomer, dimer, and fragments from IgG digested by papain over a 4 hour period were analyzed using the TSKgel SuperSW mab HR and SuperSW mab HTP columns (Figure 1). The results exhibit the superior resolving power of these columns for monomer/fragment and monomer/ dimer separation. The TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP column shows no deterioration in resolution while decreasing the analysis time in half. The results also show that the TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column has superior performance of mab separation in comparison to the TSKgel G3SWXL column. While TSKgel G3SWXL has set the standard for the separation of general proteins for more than years, the new TSKgel SuperSW mab HR column is more specifically suited for the analysis of mab, as seen in the results of the analysis of IgG. Figure 1: Analysis of IgG monomer, dimer and fragments 8 nm (AU) 8 nm (AU) 3 3 A Rs=.46 Reducing the analysis time in monomer fragments half without (F ab + F c ) resolution Rs= 1.78 deterioration. 1 F(ab') 1 dimer B Rs=. Rs= Superior resolution compared to conventional SEC column. Columns: A. TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP, 4 µm, 4.6 mm ID 1 cm B. TSKgel SuperSW mab HR, 4 µm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: mmol/l phosphate buffer +.% NaN 3, ph 6.7 A:.3 ml/min; B: 1. ml/min 8 nm Temperature: ºC Injection vol.: A: μl; B: 1 μl 1 g/l IgG digested with papain for -4 hr 1 Detector response (UV) dimer trimer aggregates monoclonal antibody- monomer. ml/min Pressure:. MPa Rs(dimmer/monomer)= ml/min Pressure: 3.6 MPa Rs(dimmer/monomer)= TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP, 4 µm, 4.6 mm ID 1 cm Mobile phase:. mol/l phosphate buffer, ph % NaN 3. ml/min,.3 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: C monoclonal antibody- (mouse-human chimeric IgG, Erbitux ), µl For more info visit: 1

10 Nucleobases Analyzed in HILIC Mode Figure 16 illustrates the separation of 4 nucleobases using the TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP column in HILIC mode with CH 3 CN as mobile phase A, and 1 mmol/l ammonium bicarbonate, ph 7.4, as mobile phase B. It is important to note that the order of elution of the analytes does not correlate with their molecular mass (as in SEC separations), but instead is based on their relative hydrophilicity. Figure 16: Separation of four nucleobases using TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP column in HILIC mode at ph 7.4 Column Lifetime The TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP column demonstrates highly reproducible performance over a significant number of injections of protein standard, as shown in Figure 17. The column yielded less than a 1% loss in column efficiency over 1, consecutive injections. Additionally, the packing integrity of the column is extremely high since even in the reverse flow orientation a nearly identical chromatographic trace to that of normal flow orientation was obtained (data not shown). During this study a guard column was not used, the analytical column was not cleaned/back flushed, and the mobile phase and sample were not filtered, to give additional stress to the analytical column. Implementation of such protective measures can be expected to yield extended column lifetime. Figure 17: Performance stability of the TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP column over 1 consecutive injections of protein standard Mobile phase: Gradient: Injection vol.: Temperature: TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP, 4 μm, 4.6 mm ID 1 cm A: acetonitrile B: 1 mmol/l ammonium bicarbonate, ph 7.4 isocratic.4 ml/min 8 nm 1 μl ambient uracil (1. g/l), adenine (1. g/l), cytosine (1. g/l), cytidine (1. g/l) from Sigma Aldrich % Column efficiency % Column efficiency 9% Column efficiency Injections TSKgel SuperSW mab HTP, 4 μm, 4.6 mm ID 1 cm Mobile phase: 1 mmol/l phosphate/1 mmol/l sodium sulfate, ph % NaN 3 Gradient: isocratic.3 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: ambient Injection vol.: μl (1.1 µg total protein load) protein standard: thyroglobulin,.8 g/l, γ-globulin, 1. g/l, ovalbumin, 1.8 g/l, ribonuclease, 1.3 g/l, PABA,.1 g/l 16 Call customer service: , technical service:

11 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns Monoclonal Antibody Aggregate Analysis using MS-Friendly Mobile Phases Conventional SEC separations make use of relatively high ionic strength mobile phase compositions in an effort to minimize ionic interactions between the analyte and stationary phase. Due to the substantial amount of salt present in the mobile phase, on-line interfacing with mass spectrometry is not feasible due to the inevitable contamination of the MS ion source by the mobile phase salts. In order to make SEC-MS an applicable technique, volatile, MS-friendly mobile phase compositions must be implemented to avoid damage to the MS system. A mab 1 antibody was subjected to thermal stress for forced aggregation to evaluate various mobile phase compositions volatile and salt-based. As shown in Figure 18, aggregates of mab 1 are clearly separated from the monomeric species using all three mobile phase compositions. Results for critical peak parameters of the mab 1 monomer are highly reproducible regardless of the mobile phase composition. Figure 18: Separation of forced aggregated mab 1 using volatile and salt-based mobile phase compositions on the TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate column mmol/l PO 4 /1 mmol/l SO 4, ph 6.7 % CH 3 CN/.1% TFA/.1% FA 1 mmol/l ammonium bicarbonate, ph Average retention time: 9.3 min (%RSD:.1) Average peak area: mau*s (%RSD: 3.4) Mouse-human Chimeric IgG Figure 19 shows the analysis of a mouse-human chimeric IgG using the TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate column. Superior resolution of the mab trimer and dimer is obtained. The smaller particle size (3 μm) and higher molar mass exclusion limit (, kda, globular proteins) of the TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate column, compared to the TSKgel SuperSW mab HR and HTP columns, allows for high resolution separation of mab multimers and aggregates. Figure 19: Separation of mab trimer and dimer 3 1 Monoclonal antibody- Trimer Aggregate Dimer Monomer Rs (3mer/mer) = 1.4 Rs (mer/monomer) = TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate, 3 µm, 3 µm, mm mm ID ID 3 cm 3 cm Mobile phase:. mol/l phosphate buffer, ph % NaN 3.8 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: C monoclonal antibody- (mouse-human chimeric IgG, Erbitux), 1 µl TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate, 3 μm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: 1 mmol/l PO 4 /1 mmol/l SO 4, ph 6.7 % CH 3 CN/.1% TFA/.1% FA 1 mmol/l ammonium bicarbonate, ph 7. Gradient: isocratic 1 ml/min 8 nm Temperature: ºC Injection vol.: 1 μl TBL mab 1 (4. g/l) For more info visit: 17

12 Metalloprotein The analysis of a heat denatured, large hydrophobic metalloprotein, apoferritin, is shown in Figure. A set of six,.3 ml HPLC vials each containing 1 μl stock solution of apoferritin was used for protein thermal denaturation. Thermal denaturation was carried out at 6 ºC using an electric heating block. Individual sample vials were tightly capped and exposed to the heat for,, 3, 4, and 6 minutes. Samples were analyzed using a TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate column at the end of each incubation time period. The TSKgel Ultra SW Aggregate column yielded high resolution between the monomer and dimer. The trimer, tetramer and higher order aggregates of apoferritin were well separated. Figure : Analysis of heat induced forced denatured, large hydrophobic metalloprotein, apoferritin 3 apoferritin Monomer 8.34 min 1 Dimer 1 Trimer 7.19 min 6.89 min Rs: Tetramer Rs: min Aggregate(s) Protein Molecular weight (kda) 1 1 Monomer Dimer Trimer Tetramer ferritin and apoferritin RT min min 3 min 4 min 6 min TSKgel UltraSW Aggregate, 3 μm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: mmol/l potassium phosphate (monobasic), mmol/l sodium phosphate (dibasic), 1 mmol/l sodium sulfate,.% NaN 3, ph ml/min 8 nm Temperature: 3 C Injection vol.: 1 μl ferritin Sigma, 4.7 g/l, in saline (.9% NaCl in water) solution, stored at -8 C apoferritin Sigma,. g/l, in % glycerol and.7 mol/l sodium chloride, stored at - C 18 Call customer service: , technical service:

13 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns About: TSKgel SW Size Exclusion Columns TSKgel SW columns, introduced in 1977, were the first of a long line of high performance Gel Filtration columns that have become synonymous with isolating proteins and analyzing protein molar masses in the emerging field of biotechnology. TSKgel SW columns are based on highly porous silica particles, the surface of which has been shielded from interacting with proteins by derivatization with ligands containing diol functional groups. TSKgel SW columns stand out from other silica- or polymer-based high performance size exclusion columns by virtue of their large pore volumes. Particles having three different pore sizes are available packed as: TSKgel GSW TSKgel G3SW TSKgel G4SW Attributes and Applications Table 6 shows a summary of the product attributes for each of the TSKgel SW columns. The TSKgel GSW column provides excellent separation of peptides and proteins with molar masses up to 1. 1 Da. TSKgel G3SW columns are the best choice for separation of proteins and other biomolecules with molar masses up to. 1 Da, while TSKgel G4SW columns are preferred for proteins and other biomolecules of even higher molar masses. Figure 1 shows the calibration curves for globular proteins, polyethylene oxides and dextrans for each of the three TSKgel SW columns. Table 6: Product attributes TSKgel column GSW G3SW G4SW Base material Silica Particle size (mean) 1 µm and 13 µm 1 µm and 13 µm 13 µm and 17 µm Pore size (mean) 1. nm nm 4 nm Functional group Diol ph stability.-7. Calibration range, Da (globular proteins) Da (globular proteins) Da (globular proteins) Figure 1: Calibration curves for globular proteins, polyethylene oxides and dextrans for TSKgel SW columns Log molar mass TSKgel GSW Separation of E. coli RNA TSKgel G3SW Retention volume (ml) Retention volume (ml) TSKgel G4SW Separation of four E. coli RNAs, shown in Figure, confirms the high performance of a TSKgel G4SW column for samples with a wide molar mass range. The sample consists of 4S trna (. 1 4 Da), S rrna ( Da), 16S rrna (.6 1 Da), and 3S rrna ( Da). All four polynucleotides are within the molar mass range recommended for this TSKgel SW column. The chromatogram demonstrates a superior separation with the TSKgel G4SW column Retention volume (ml) TSKgel SW columns, 7. mm ID 6 cm Mobile phase: dextrans and polyethylene oxides: distilled water; proteins:.3 mol/l NaCl in.1 mol/l phosphate buffer, ph ml/min nm and RI proteins, polyethylene oxides, dextrans Figure : Separation of total E. coli RNA Detector response (AU) Columns: TSKgel G4SW, 13 µm, 7. mm ID 3 cm TSKgel G4SW, 17µm, 7. mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:.13 mol/l NaCl in.1 mol/l phosphate buffer, ph 7., + 1 mmol/l EDTA 1. ml/min 6 nm Injection vol.: µg.1 ml of 1:1 diluted solution of total E. coli RNA: 1. 3s rrna ( Da). 16s rrna (.6 1 Da) 3. s rrna ( Da) 4. 4s rrna (. 1 4 Da) 3 4 For more info visit: 19

14 Membrane Protein Surfactants are routinely used for the isolation of proteins from membranes. Although this is an efficient method for solubilization, the presence of detergents affects the performance of chromatographic separations. A TSKgel G3SW column was used to study the effect of different concentrations of the non-ionic surfactant octaethyleneglycol dodecylether on the analysis of membrane proteins from a crude extract from rat liver microsome. Figure 3 demonstrates that as the concentration of the surfactant increases to.%, the main peak becomes sharper and recovery increases (chromatogram #4). Caution: we recommend that columns that have been used with a surfactant-containing mobile phase are dedicated for that particular use. Figure 3: Analysis of membrane protein with differing surfactant concentrations in the mobile phase Degradation Products of IgG High speed is important when analyzing the rate of chemical alteration of proteins (denaturation, condensation, degradation, etc.). Tomono et al 1 tracked the course of enzyme digestion of commercial IgG by pepsin using a TSKgel G3SW column (Figure 4). Figure 4: Tracking changes over time Detector response (AU) Aggregate Dimer Fragment: Detector response (AU) TSKgel G3SW, 1 µm, 7. mm ID 6 cm Mobile phase: (. mol/l sodium chloride + % glycerol + octaethylene glycol dodecylether) in mmol/l phosphate buffer, ph 7. Note: concentration of surfactant: 1..%..1% 3..% 4..% 1. ml/min 8 nm membrane protein from a crude extract from rat liver microsome TSKgel G3SW, 1 µm, 7. mm ID 6 cm Mobile phase:.1 mol/l acetate buffer, ph. +.1 mol/l sodium sulfate Samples*: 1 µl solutions produced by digestion of lgg ( g/l) by pepsin after,, 4, 6, 8, 1, 1, 3 and 6 minutes *Courtesy of Tsugikazu Tomono, Director of Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Center 1. a) T. Tomono, T. Suzuki, and E. Tokunaga, Anal, Biochem., 13, 394 (198) b) T. Tomono, T.Suzuki, and E. Tokunaga, Bio, Bio. Phys. Acta., 66, 186 (1981) Call customer service: , technical service:

15 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns Nucleic Acid Figure shows the separation of nucleic acid bases and nucleosides using a TSKgel GSW column. Figure : Separation of nucleic acid Detector response (AU) Metallothionein Suzuki et al have conducted detailed studies involving the quantitative analysis of metallothionein. In these studies, the liver and kidney of cadmium-administered rats were used as samples, and the SEC columns were directly coupled to an atomic absorption detector. Metallothionein was separated into two isozymes. Presumably, the cation exchange capacity of residual silanol groups on the TSKgel SW packing material played a role in this isozyme separation. Representative chromatograms are shown in Figure 6. Figure 6: Analysis of metallothionein A TSKgel GSW, 1 µm, 7. mm ID 6 cm Mobile phase: acetic acid/triethylamine/h O = 3/3/94.74 ml/min 6 nm 1. uridine. uracil 3. thymine 4. adenosine. adenine Detector response (AU) B Mobile phase: Samples*: 1 TSKgel G3SW, 13 µm, 1. mm ID 6 cm mmol/l Tris-HCl buffer atomic absorption (Cd, Zn) + 8 nm A: Cd B: Zn rat liver supernatant 1.metallothionein I.metallothionein II *Courtesy of Professor Kazuo Suzuki of the National Institute for Environmental Studies For more info visit: 1

16 DNA Fragments DNA fragments smaller than 3 bases have been separated into discrete peaks using the TSKgel G3SW and G4SW columns. Recovery of the fragments from these columns was greater than 9%. A plot of chain length versus elution volume for double-stranded DNA is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7: Double stranded DNA fragments 1 3 Chain length (base pairs) 1 A B 1 3 Retention volume (ml) 4 Columns: A: TSKgel G3SW, 1 µm, 7. mm ID 6 cm B: TSKgel G4SW, 13 µm, 7. mm ID 6 cm Mobile phase:. mol/l Tris-HCl,. mol/l NaCl, 1 mmol/l EDTA, ph 7. A: 1 ml/min, B:.33 ml/min 6 nm Temperature: C Hae III-cleaved pbr3 DNA Sample load: 13 µg in µl Call customer service: , technical service:

17 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns About: TSKgel SWXL Size Exclusion Columns Figure 8: Calibration curves for proteins for TSKgel SWXL columns TSKgel SWXL columns, introduced in 1987, are packed with or 8 µm particles to improve sample resolution or to reduce analysis time (over TSKgel SW columns). Like the TSKgel SW columns, TSKgel SWXL columns feature highly porous silica particles, the surface of which has been shielded from interacting with proteins by derivatization with ligands containing diol functional groups. TSKgel SWXL columns stand out from other silica- or polymer-based high performance size exclusion columns by virtue of their large pore volumes. Log molar mass These columns are available within the TSKgel SWXL column line: 1 TSKgel GSWXL TSKgel G3SWXL TSKgel G4SWXL 1 TSKgel GSWXL TSKgel G3SWXL TSKgel G4SWXL TSKgel BioAssist GSWXL TSKgel BioAssist G3SWXL TSKgel BioAssist G4SWXL TSKgel QC-PAK GFC TSKgel QC-PAK GFC 3 The TSKgel BioAssist columns are made of PEEK housing material to reduce sample adsorption to stainless steel or glass. QC-PAK columns are 1 cm in length with µm particles and offer the same resolution in half the time as the 3 cm, 1 µm TSKgel GSW and G3SW columns. Attributes and Applications Table 7 shows a summary of the product attributes for each of the TSKgel SWXL columns. TSKgel SWXL columns are commonly used in the quality control of monoclonal antibodies and other biopharmaceutical products. TSKgel GSWXL columns are an excellent choice for small proteins and peptide separations. Proteins and large peptides are separated well on TSKgel 3SWXL columns, while TSKgel G4SWXL provides the largest exclusion limit and the widest fractionation range. It is an excellent choice for pegylated proteins or glycosylated biomolecules. Figure 8 shows the calibration curves for globular proteins, polyethylene oxides, and dextrans for each of the three TSKgel SWXL columns. Table 7: Product attributes TSKgel column GSWXL G3SWXL G4SWXL Base material Silica Particle size (mean) µm µm 8 µm Pore size (mean) 1. nm nm 4 nm Functional group Diol ph stability.-7. Calibration range, Da (globular proteins) Da (globular proteins) Da (globular proteins) Mobile phase: Retention volume (ml) TSKgel SWXL columns, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm.3 mol/l NaCl in.1 mol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph 7. nm 1. thyroglobulin (6.6 1 Da). IgG (1.6 1 Da) 3. bovine serum albumin ( Da) 4. ovalbumin ( Da). peroxidase ( Da) 6. b-lactoglobulin ( Da) 7. myoglobin ( Da) 8. ribonuclease A ( Da) 9. cytochrome C ( Da) 1. glycine tetramer (46 Da) For more info visit: 3

18 Size Variant Analysis of Conjugates A sample of both conjugated (T-DM1) and unconjugated (Trastuzumab) monoclonal antibody was analyzed on a TSKgel G3SWXL column eluted isocratically with a phosphate-buffered saline mobile phase. The use of an inorganic mobile phase for unconjugated mab analysis showed no change in the expected results. With the analysis of the conjugated mab (ADC) in an inorganic mobile phase, poor peak shape (greatly increased tailing) and incomplete resolution of aggre gates from the monomeric conjugated antibody were observed (see A in Figure 9). Addition of an organic modifier to the mobile phase, in this case 1% -propanol, restored peak shape and resolution of the conjugated mab analyzed on a TSKgel G3SWXL column (B in Figure 9). These results indicate that the attached hydrophobic drugs lead to non-specific interaction between the ADC and the column stationary phase. The addition of organic solvents to the mobile phase can be used to overcome non-specific interactions between the ADC and the column stationary phase. Figure 9: Size variant analysis of conjugates using a TSKgel G3SWXL column with mobile phase. mol/l KPi and. mol/l KCl (A) and 8% KPi/KCl, 1% -propanol (B) A trastuzumab Enzymes Mobile phase conditions in GFC are optimized to ensure little or no interaction of the sample with the packing material. This gentle technique allows for high recovery of enzymatic activity. For example, crude samples of peroxidase (Figure 3A) and glutathione S-transferase (Figure 3B) were separated in only 1 minutes on a TSKgel G3SWXL column and activity recovery was 98% and 89%, respectively. The elution profiles of the separations show that all of the activity eluted in a narrow band of about 1. ml. Figure 3A and 3B: Analysis of crude protein samples Detector response (AU) Detector response (AU) A. crude peroxidase 1 1 B. crude glutathione S-transferase T-DM1 1 1 B 1 1 T-DM1 trastuzumab Mobile phase: Recovery: TSKgel G3SWXL, µm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm.3 mol/l NaCl in. mol/l phosphate buffer, ph ml/min nm (solid line) and enzyme assay tests (dashed line) enzymatic activity recovered was 98% in A and 89% in B A. crude peroxidase from Japanese radish,.1 mg in.1 ml B. crude glutathione S-transferase from guinea pig liver extract,.7 mg in.1 ml 1 1 Minutes TSKgel G3SWXL, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: A:. mol/l KPi and. mol/l KCl, ph 6.9 B: 8% KPi/KCl + 1% -propanol. ml/min 8 nm Republished with permission of Genentech, Inc., from Analytical methods for physicochemical characterization of antibody drug conjugates, Wakankar A, Chen Y, Gokarn Y, Jacobson FS., 3, 11; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 4 Call customer service: , technical service:

19 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns Rat Liver Extract The separation of a crude extract of rat liver using a TSKgel GSWXL column is displayed in Figure 31. Figure 31: Separation of crude extract of rat liver (1 µl) Detector response (AU) IgG A therapeutic solution of intravenous lgg may contain albumin as a stabilizer, and both proteins must be quantified following manufacture. Although literature reports describe the separation of these two proteins by many other chromatographic methods, long analysis times and complex gradient elutions are required. A method developed on a TSKgel G3SWXL column provides quantitative separation of the two proteins in 1 minutes with a simple, isocratic elution system. As shown in Figure 3, human albumin can be separated from a -fold excess of lgg and quantified using an optimized elution buffer. This simple separation method can be applied to the isolation of other lggs, such as monoclonal antibodies in ascites fluid. Figure 3: QC test for albumin Optimized eluents lgg 1 1 TSKgel GSWXL, µm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:. mol/l phosphate buffer, ph mol/l NaCl 1 ml/min nm Temperature: C Detector response (AU) Mobile phase: albumin 1 1 TSKgel G3SWXL, µm, 7.8 mm ID x 3 cm.1 mol/l Na SO 4 in. mol/l sodium phosphate buffer, ph. 1. ml/min 8 nm µl of venilon, containing 37. mg of lgg and 1. mg of albumin For more info visit:

20 DNA Digest Figure 33 shows the separation of øx174 RF DNA-Hae III digest using a TSKgel G4SWXL column. Figure 33: Separation of φx174 RF DNA-Hae III digest (4. μg/ μl) Reduced Analysis Times For preliminary research or reducing quality control testing time, the 1 cm long TSKgel QC-PAK columns provide analysis times half as long as those on standard 3 cm columns, while retaining baseline resolution of protein mixtures (Figure 34). 133, 178, 87, 63bp 31 Figure 34: Analysis of various proteins 3 4 Detector response (AU) Detector response (AU) TSKgel G4SWXL, 8 µm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:. mol/l phosphate buffer, ph mol/l NaCl + 1 mmol/l EDTA.1 ml/min 6 nm Temperature: C Mobile phase: TSKgel QC-PAK 3GL, µm, 8 mm ID 1 cm.1 mol/l Na SO 4 in.1 mol/l phosphate buffer, ph 7. and.% NaN 3 1. ml/min nm 1. thyroglobulin. lgg 3. ovalbumin 4. ribonuclease. p-aminobenzoic acid 6 Call customer service: , technical service:

21 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns Characterization Studies of PEGylated Lysozyme Chemical modification of therapeutic proteins in order to enhance their biological activity is of increasing interest. One of the most frequently used protein modification methods, PEGylation, changes the biochemical and physicochemical properties of the protein, which can result in several important benefits, among them more effective target delivery, slower in vivo clearance, and reduced toxicity and immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. After PEGylation reaction the mixture has to be purified in order to remove non-reacted protein and undesired reaction products. A TSKgel G3SWXL column was used for the characterization of PEGylated lysozyme, as shown in Figure 3. A random PEGylation of lysozyme using methoxy PEG aldehyde of sizes kda, 1 kda and 3 kda was performed. The retention volumes of PEGylated lysozymes were used to assign the peaks based on a standard calibration curve. As a result of PEGylation, a large increase in the size of lysozyme by size exclusion chromatography was observed. The SEC elution position of lysozyme modified with a 3 kda PEG was equivalent to that of a 4 kda globular protein. There was a linear correlation between the theoretical molar mass of PEGylated protein and the molar mass calculated from SEC. This result illustrates the strong effect that PEG has on the hydrodynamic radius of the resulting PEGylated protein. Figure 3: SEC analysis of reaction mixtures PEGLys PEG1Lys PEG3Lys Purity of an Antibody When the analysis of proteins needs to be performed in a metal free environment, the TSKgel BioAssist columns can be used. These columns offer TSKgel SWXL packings in PEEK housings featuring the same performance as with stainless steel columns. Figure 36 demonstrates the purity of an antibody from a cell culture supernatant (Anti TSH). The chromatograms represent the fractions collected from a HIC purification step. Figure 36: Purity of an antibody Detector response (mv) Fr1 Fr Fr3 Fr4 IgG TSKgel BioAssist G3SWXL, µm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:.3 mol/l phosphate buffer, ph ml/min Injection vol.: μl Mobile phase: Injection vol.: TSKgel G3SWXL, μm, 7.8 mm ID 3 cm.1 mol/l phosphate buffer,.1 mol/l Na SO 4, ph ml/min 8 nm μl, 1, 3 kda methoxy PEG aldehyde For more info visit: 7

22 About: TSKgel SuperSW Size Exclusion Columns TSKgel SuperSW columns, introduced in 1997, contain smaller particles than TSKgel SWXL columns; 4 µm versus µm. In addition, the column internal diameter has been reduced from 7.8 mm ID to 4.6 mm ID to provide higher sensitivity in sample-limited cases and to cut down on solvent use. It is important to employ an HPLC system that is optimized with regards to extra-column band broadening to take full advantage of the high column efficiency that can be obtained on TSKgel SuperSW columns. See Table 9 for recommendations on minimizing the dead volume in the HPLC system. Figure 37A and 37B: Calibration curves for proteins and polyethylene oxides and glycols for TSKgel SuperSW columns A Log molar mass TSKgel SuperSW TSKgel SuperSW The following two columns are available within the TSKgel SuperSW column line: Retention volume (ml) TSKgel SuperSW TSKgel SuperSW3 Attributes and Applications Table 8 shows a summary of the product attributes for each of the TSKgel SuperSW columns. The 1. nm pore size of the TSKgel SuperSW columns results in a fractionation range up to 1. 1 Da for globular proteins. The TSKgel SuperSW3 columns have a fractionation range up to. 1 Da for globular proteins due to its nm pore size. Since both columns have a 4.6 mm inner diameter, they are ideal for sample-limited applications. Figure 37A and 37B show the calibration curves for protein, polyethylene oxides and glycols for the TSKgel SuperSW columns. Table 8: Product attributes TSKgel column SuperSW SuperSW3 Base material Silica Particle size (mean) 4 µm 4 µm Pore size (mean) 1. nm nm Functional group Diol ph stability.-7. Calibration range, Da (globular proteins) Da (globular proteins) TSKgel SuperSW columns, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:. mol/l phosphate buffer, ph ml/min 8 nm standard proteins ( µl,.1 g/l each) 1. thyroglobulin. g-globulin 3. bovine serum albumin 4. β-lactoglobulin. lysozyme 6. cytochrome C 7. glycine tetramer B Log molar mass TSKgel SuperSW TSKgel SuperSW Retention volume (ml) TSKgel SuperSW columns, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:.% sodium azide aqueous solution.3 ml/min RI Temperature: C polyethylene oxides (PEO) standards polyethylene glycols (PEG) standards, ( µl) 8 Call customer service: , technical service:

23 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns Table 9: Operating instructions when using TSKgel SuperSW columns In general: Suppress peak broadening in connecting tubing between injector, guard column, analytical column, and detector. Prevent the sample volume from causing extra-column band broadening due to volume overloading. You can test this by injecting half the sample volume and measuring peak efficiency. Tubing: Use.4 or. ID (.1 mm or.1 mm) tubing, when available, and as short a length as is practical. Sections requiring.4 or. ID tubing o Between injection valve and guard column, and between guard column outlet and column o Between column outlet and detector inlet Pumping system: The pump(s) should work well at low flow rates as the recommended flow rate range is.1-.3 ml/min. Injector: A low dispersion injector (such as Rheodyne 81) is recommended. Guard column: We recommend that you install a guard column (part no. 1876) to protect your TSKgel SuperSW column. Trace Levels of Proteins Figure 38 shows a comparative separation of several standard proteins at low level concentrations on a mm ID TSKgel SuperSW3 column and on a competitive GFC column. As the results reveal, the TSKgel SuperSW3 column is an excellent choice for the rapid analysis of proteins at trace levels, showing improved peak shape and superior resolution. Figure 38: Analysis of standard proteins at low level concentrations TSKgel SuperSW3 Competitor PC TSKgel SuperSW3 ( mm ID 3 cm) 6 µl/min Linear velocity: 14 cm/h N: 3, Competitor PC 3./3 (3. mm ID 3 cm) 4 µl/min Linear velocity: 3 cm/h N: 11, Columns: TSKgel SuperSW3, 4 µm, mm ID 3 cm Competitor PC 3./3, 13 µm, 3. mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:.1 mol/l phosphate buffer +.1 mol/l Na SO 4 +.% NaN 3, ph nm Temperature: ºC Injection vol.:. µl 1. thyroglobulin (1. g/l). β-globulin (. g/l) 3. ovalbumin (. g/l) 4. ribonuclease A (3. g/l). p-aminobenzoic acid (. g/l) Detector: When working with a UV detector, install a micro flow cell or a low dead volume-type cell. Low dead volumetype cells are effective in high-sensitivity analysis. (Use of a standard cell is also possible. However, theoretical plates will be approximately 8% of those obtained with a micro flow cell.) Sample injection volume should be 1-1 μl. Sample load should be 1 μg or smaller. For more info visit: 9

24 Antibody-Based Fusion Protein and Aggregates During method development, many variables are examined to ensure method robustness. Factors such as elution profile, peak shape, and recovery are required to be consistent by GMP/GLP protocols. During a method requalification at Lexigen Pharmaceuticals, several variables were investigated to eliminate non-specific binding and increase the robustness of an established antibody separation method using a TSKgel SuperSW3 column. As shown in Figure 39A, excessive peak tailing of fusion protein 1 is evident with the use of. mol/l NaCl (chromatogram c in the figure). Additionally, the expected protein dimer and trimer aggregates are not visible in the chromatogram. By switching from. mol/l sodium chloride to. mol/l of the more chaotropic sodium perchlorate salt, together with a two-fold reduction in the buffer concentration, less peak tailing and distinct peaks for the dimer and trimer species of mab1 resulted (chromatogram b in the figure). Doubling the perchlorate concentration to.4 mol/l provided further improvement in the peak shape of fusion protein 1 and associated aggregate species (chromatogram a in the figure). Figure 39B is an enlargement of fusion protein 1 s baseline region, showing an improved peak shape of the dimer and trimer aggregates with the use of.4 mol/l NaClO 4. IgG 1 The TSKgel Super SW3 provides an excellent high resolution separation of lgg 1 from mouse ascites fluid as can be seen in Figure 4. Figure 4: Separation of monoclonal antibody 7 lgg TSKgel SuperSW3, 4 µm, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:. mol/l phosphate buffer, ph ml/min 8 nm, micro flow cell mouse ascites ( µl) Figure 39A and 39B: Overlays of monoclonal antibody separation 1, A. fusion protein1 A B C (enlargement of protein 1 s baseline region) 7 B A 1 B -1 C TSKgel SuperSW3, 4 µm, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: A:.4 mol/l NaClO 4,. mol/l NaH PO 4, B:. mol/l NaClO 4,. mol/l NaH PO 4, C:. mol/l NaCl,.1 mol/l NaH PO 4.3 ml/min 14 nm Injection vol.: µl monoclonal antibodies 3 Call customer service: , technical service:

25 TSKgel Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns Human Serum Proteins A 1 mm ID TSKgel SuperSW3 column was used to analyze proteins in human serum. A fraction of interest was then analyzed by off-line SELDI/TOF/MS to establish the presence of BSA aggregates and IgG. Figure 41 demonstrates the applicability of TSKgel SuperSW3 columns for the trace analysis of biological components by LC/MS analysis. Figure 41: Analysis of proteins in human serum Peptide Mixture Figure 4 demonstrates that very small molecules can be separated efficiently on a TSKgel SuperSW column under non-sec conditions. Although the peptides 16 and 19 do not elute according to their molar mass, a separation was possible with only one amino acid difference (based on different interaction with the gel surface). Figure 4: Analysis of peptides 1 pept pept. 16 pept. pept. pept , Albumin dimer Albumin monomer IgG, 1, 1,, Fraction of interest analyzed by off-line SELDI/TOF/MS to establish presence of BSA aggregates and IgG. TSKgel SuperSW3, 4 µm, 1 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase: mmol/l NaH PO 4 +. mol/l NaCl, ph 7. 8 µl/min 8 nm Temperature: ambient serum (x 1), 1 µl TSKgel SuperSW, 4 µm, 4.6 mm ID 3 cm Mobile phase:.1% TFA in 4% aq. ACN.3 ml/min 1 nm Injection vol: 3 µl Peptide P1: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met- Arg-Gly-Leu Peptide P16: Trp-Gly-Gly-Tyr Peptide P19: Gly-Trp-Gly Peptide P: H-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met- Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro- Val- Gly-Lys-Gly-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro- Val- Lys-Val-Tyr-Pro-OH Peptide P: H-Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys- Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys- Thr-Phe-Thr- Ser-Cys-OH 1 1 Fraction (1 ml) was directly loaded to SELDI chip H. The chip was washed and desalted then applied to MS. This data is courtesy of Dr. Majima, Protenova. For more info visit: 31